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CompletedNCT03449407Updated Jan 23, 2020

Multi-dimensional Investigations of Negative Emotions and Drug-resistant Auditory Verbal Hallucinations in Psychosis

An observational study in Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders and Hallucinations, Auditory, sponsored by Chinese University of Hong Kong. Completed at 1 site in Hong Kong. Open to participants aged 18 Years to 65 Years. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2020-01-23.

Primary conditionPsychotic DisordersRegistry: Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic DisordersReclassifiedWhy we changed it
Registry
Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders — the first condition term the registry derived for this study.
ClinicalTrials.gg
Psychotic Disorders
Why
  1. The study's listed conditions name Psychotic Disorders, a narrower term within Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders.
Confidence
High: the new condition is named in the study's own listed conditions. Of 351 hand-checked studies reclassified this way, 68% were exactly right and 84% in the right disease family; the registry's first term was right for 5% (measured 2026-10-21). How we classify →
Wrong?
Tell us the study's main condition →

Sponsored by Chinese University of Hong Kong · Observational

Study type
Observational
Model
Case-only
Time perspective
Other
Enrollment
47
Ages
18 Years to 65 Years
Sex
All
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Study summary

Auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH) are commonly reported as source of distress, disability and mortality in schizophrenia. Despite proven efficacy of antipsychotics, many patients still experience drug-refractory AVH. It has been postulated that AVH is maintained by negative emotions. Yet, little is known about the temporal relationship and underlying mechanisms between negative affect and AVH. Utilizing both an ecologically-validated method and brain imaging technique, this study aims to uncover the role of emotions in the maintenance of psychotic symptoms.

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Conditions studied

  • Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders
  • Hallucinations, Auditory

Keywords

  • Auditory hallucinations
  • Psychosis
  • Mood
  • Brain imaging
  • Experience sampling method
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In context

Psychotic Disorders Reclassified

1,587 studies on the registry are indexed under Psychotic Disorders; 281 are open to participants now.

This study's enrollment of 47 is below the median of 123 across 221 observational studies indexed under Psychotic Disorders.

Browse Psychotic Disorders studies →

Lead sponsor

Chinese University of Hong Kong is the lead sponsor of 1,454 studies on the registry; 474 are open to participants now.

Of its 6 completed or terminated interventional studies of FDA-regulated products, 0 (0%) have results posted.

Compared within Psychotic Disorders, this study's primary condition as ClinicalTrials.gg classifies it; the registry's first condition term is Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders. The counts are of registry records indexed under each term, refreshed daily. How we classify →

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Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years to 65 Years
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No
Sampling method
Non-probability sample

Study population

Patients, including in-patients, out-patients and day hospital patients, will be recruited from psychiatric units of multiple hospital sites.

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  • Aged 18 to 65 years
  • Clinical diagnosis of schizophrenia spectrum disorder
  • Present hallucinations

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Left-handedness
  • Intellectual disability
  • Organic psychosis
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Study design

Observational model
Case-only
Time perspective
Other
Enrollment
47 participants (actual)
Patient registry
No
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What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Psychotic symptomatology as measured by Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Scale of Assessment for Positive Symptoms (SAPS), and the Psychotic Symptom Rating Scales (PSYRATS)

    Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) is an interview-based assessment of the severity of symptoms associated with schizophrenia, including positive, negative, and general psychopathology. Scale of Assessment for Positive Symptoms (SAPS) is an interview-based scale of positive symptoms of schizophrenia. SAPS consists of four areas: hallucinations, delusions, bizarre behaviour and positive formal thought disorder. Each area includes ratings of specific symptoms and a global rating. The Psychotic Symptom Rating Scale (PSYRATS) is a 17-item semi-structured interview measuring the severity of multiple dimensions of auditory hallucinations and delusions, including conviction and duration.

    Time frame: Baseline

  2. Depressive symptomatology as measured by Calgary Depression Scale (CDS)

    Calgary Depression Scale (CDS) is a nine-item structured interview scale that assesses depressive symptoms in patients with schizophrenia.

    Time frame: Baseline

  3. Beliefs about voices as measured by Beliefs about Voices Questionnaire - Revised (BAVQ-R)

    BAVQ-R is a self-report questionnaire that consists of three subscales pertaining to beliefs about voices: malevolence (i.e. voices as evil and persecutory), benevolence (i.e. voices as helpful), and omnipotence (i.e. voices as controlling and powerful).

    Time frame: Baseline

  4. Anxiety severity as measured by Beck anxiety inventory (BAI)

    BAI is a self-report questionnaire that measures anxiety severity and unique symptom features that are independent of that in depression, including somatic symptoms and subjective experience of panic and anxiety.

    Time frame: 1 week

  5. Mood states as measured by Visual analogue scale (VAS)

    A simple visual analogue scale assessing state depression, state anxiety and state happiness will be conducted.

    Time frame: 1 week

Secondary outcomes

  1. Cognitive capacity as measured by the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale - IV (HK) short form (WAIS-IV)

    An instrument developed to assess cognitive ability and the relationship between intellectual functioning and memory of adults. The WAIS-IV (HK) short form includes four subscales - arithmetic, visual puzzle, information, and coding.

    Time frame: Baseline

  2. Handedness as measured by Edinburgh Handedness Inventory (EHI)

    A self report questionnaire assessing the dominance of one's right or left hand in everyday activities.

    Time frame: Baseline

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Study locations

1 site
  • Chinese University of Hong Kong
    Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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References and documents

Individual participant data

Plan to share: No

No publications or documents are linked to this record.

09

Updates

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Jan 23, 2020, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
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Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT03449407
Responsible party
Suzanne Ho-wai So (Assistant Professor, Chinese University of Hong Kong) — Principal investigator
First posted
Feb 28, 2018
Start date
Jan 2016
Primary completion
Jun 30, 2019
Completion
Dec 31, 2019
Last update
Jan 23, 2020

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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This study is completed, as verified in Jan 2020. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

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