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CompletedNCT03444636Updated May 28, 2020

Multimodal Analgesia in Children and Adolescents After the Ravitch Procedure and Thoracotomy

A Phase 4 interventional study of Ropivacaine/Fentanyl and Bupivacaine/Fentanyl in Pain, Postoperative and Surgery, Thoracic, sponsored by National Institute for Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Poland. Completed at 1 site in Poland. Open to participants aged 5 Years to 18 Years. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2020-05-28.

Sponsored by National Institute for Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Poland · Phase 4, Interventional, and Treatment

From the registry’s dates

  • Registered 2 years 11 months after the study started (first participant enrolled Mar 2015, registered Feb 2018).
Phase
Phase 4
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
94
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
5 Years to 18 Years
Sex
All
01

Study summary

The study was performed in patients aged 6-18 years after the Ravitch procedure and thoracotomy. The primary aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pain control provided by the multimodal approach that involves the continuous infusion ropivacaine with fentanyl vs. bupivacaine with fentanyl through thoracic epidural catheter. Secondary aims were to identify the determinants of acute post-operative pain at rest, during deep breathing and coughing.

Read the detailed description

The subjects were randomized to the Ropivacaine/Fentanyl (RF) or Bupivacaine/Fentanyl (BF) group.

To perform a thoracic surgical procedure, all patients were premedicated with midazolam, and then, paracetamol, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, fentanyl, propofol, pancuronium or rocuronium (in children \< 10 years old) and suprane were used to introduce and maintain the anesthesia. Thoracic epidural catheters were placed following induction of anesthesia and endotracheal intubation.

Intraoperative analgesia was introduced by a single dose of lidocaine 2% (2 mg/kg). Then after 15 minutes, the patients from the RF group received ropivacaine 1% (1-3 mg/kg) and those from the BF group bupivacaine 0.5% (0.5-1 mg/kg). After 60 minutes 0.2% ropivacaine solution with fentanyl or 0.125% solution of bupivacaine with fentanyl was infused with the flow rate of 0.1 ml/kg/hr.

Depending on the allocation to the group, postoperative analgesia was continued either with 0.2% ropivacaine and fentanyl or 0.125% bupivacaine and fentanyl, based on the concentration and the flow rate described above. In addition, intravenous paracetamol was administered as standard every 6 hours (the maximum of 60 mg/kg daily) along with non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. In children > 14 years of age, ketoprofen was injected at the dose of 1 mg/kg (the maximum of 200 mg daily) and in younger children ibuprofen (orally or rectally, up to 30 mg/kg daily) every 8 hours. Metamizol was given as a "rescue drug" (20 mg/kg).

02

Conditions studied

  • Pain, Postoperative
  • Surgery, Thoracic

Keywords

  • Multimodal analgesia
  • Thoracic epidural
  • Postoperative pain
  • Postoperative Complications
  • Patient Satisfaction
03

In context

Pain, Postoperative

5,640 studies on the registry are indexed under Pain, Postoperative; 1,230 are open to participants now.

This study's enrollment of 94 is above the median of 75 across 4,821 interventional studies indexed under Pain, Postoperative.

Browse Pain, Postoperative studies →

Lead sponsor

National Institute for Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Poland is the lead sponsor of 11 studies on the registry; 1 is open to participants now.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
5 Years to 18 Years
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  • Elective thoracic surgery (thoracotomy or Ravitch procedure);
  • Analgesia: continuous thoracic epidural analgesia.

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • physical status >III;
  • History of chronic pain or preoperative opioid use;
  • Oncological treatment;
  • Impaired verbal communication;
  • Removal of epidural catheter \<24 h postoperatively;
  • Lack of postoperative chest drainage.
Terms in these criteria, in plain language(1)

Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.

ASA physical status

The anaesthetists’ scale of health before surgery: I is healthy, II has a mild illness that is under control, III a severe one, IV a severe illness that is a constant threat to life. V and VI are used for the critically ill and for organ donors.

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Study design

Phase
Phase 4
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
None (open label)
Enrollment
94 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    Ropivacaine/Fentanyl

    Drug: Ropivacaine/Fentanyl

  • Active comparator
    Bupivacaine/Fentanyl

    Drug: Bupivacaine/Fentanyl

Interventions

  • DrugRopivacaine/Fentanyl

    Drug pages: Ropivacaine · Fentanyl

    Ropivacaine 0.2% with Fentanyl 5 µg/ml; flow rate of 0.1 ml/kg/hr

    Also known as: ROPIVACAINE HYDROCHLORIDE 10 mg/ml

  • DrugBupivacaine/Fentanyl

    Drug pages: Bupivacaine · Fentanyl

    Bupivacaine 0.125% with Fentanyl 5 µg/ml; flow rate of 0.1 ml/kg/hr

    Also known as: BUPIVACAINE HYDROCHLORIDE 0.5%

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Pain intensity scores at rest (FLACC for patients <7 y.o., Numerical Rating Scale for patients >7 y.o.)

    Time frame: postoperative day: 0-3

  2. Pain intensity scores during deep breathing (FLACC for patients <7 y.o., Numerical Rating Scale for patients >7 y.o.)

    Time frame: postoperative day: 0-3

  3. Pain intensity scores during coughing (FLACC for patients <7 y.o., Numerical Rating Scale for patients >7 y.o.)

    Time frame: postoperative day: 0-3

  4. Side Effect Occurrence

    Time frame: first 3 days after surgery

Secondary outcomes

  1. Total fentanyl consumption [µg]

    Time frame: postoperative day: 0-3

  2. The number of doses of metamizol as a "rescue drug"

    Time frame: postoperative day: 0-3

  3. The number of nursing interventions undertaken to relive pain > 2/10 pts

    Time frame: postoperative day: 0-3

  4. Patient satisfaction

    Satisfaction was evaluated on a 4-item scale: analgesia was rated as insufficient, poor, good or very good.

    Time frame: postoperative day 3

07

Study locations

1 site
  • Institute for Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Pediatric Division
    Rabka-Zdrój, Małopolska 34-700, Poland
08

References and documents

Publications

  • Misiolek H, Cettler M, Woron J, Wordliczek J, Dobrogowski J, Mayzner-Zawadzka E. The 2014 guidelines for post-operative pain management. Anaesthesiol Intensive Ther. 2014 Sep-Oct;46(4):221-44. doi: 10.5603/AIT.2014.0041. No abstract available. PubMed 25293474 ↗
  • Chou R, Gordon DB, de Leon-Casasola OA, Rosenberg JM, Bickler S, Brennan T, Carter T, Cassidy CL, Chittenden EH, Degenhardt E, Griffith S, Manworren R, McCarberg B, Montgomery R, Murphy J, Perkal MF, Suresh S, Sluka K, Strassels S, Thirlby R, Viscusi E, Walco GA, Warner L, Weisman SJ, Wu CL. Management of Postoperative Pain: A Clinical Practice Guideline From the American Pain Society, the American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, and the American Society of Anesthesiologists' Committee on Regional Anesthesia, Executive Committee, and Administrative Council. J Pain. 2016 Feb;17(2):131-57. doi: 10.1016/j.jpain.2015.12.008. Erratum In: J Pain. 2016 Apr;17(4):508-10. doi: 10.1016/j.jpain.2016.02.002.. Dosage error in article text. PubMed 26827847 ↗
  • Schnabel A, Thyssen NM, Goeters C, Zheng H, Zahn PK, Van Aken H, Pogatzki-Zahn EM. Age- and procedure-specific differences of epidural analgesia in children--a database analysis. Pain Med. 2015 Mar;16(3):544-53. doi: 10.1111/pme.12633. Epub 2015 Jan 19. PubMed 25599577 ↗
  • Ecoffey C, Lacroix F, Giaufre E, Orliaguet G, Courreges P; Association des Anesthesistes Reanimateurs Pediatriques d'Expression Francaise (ADARPEF). Epidemiology and morbidity of regional anesthesia in children: a follow-up one-year prospective survey of the French-Language Society of Paediatric Anaesthesiologists (ADARPEF). Paediatr Anaesth. 2010 Dec;20(12):1061-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-9592.2010.03448.x. PubMed 21199114 ↗
  • Lejus C, Surbled M, Schwoerer D, Renaudin M, Guillaud C, Berard L, Pinaud M. Postoperative epidural analgesia with bupivacaine and fentanyl: hourly pain assessment in 348 paediatric cases. Paediatr Anaesth. 2001 May;11(3):327-32. doi: 10.1046/j.1460-9592.2001.00659.x. PubMed 11359592 ↗
  • Tomaszek L, Fenikowski D, Komotajtys H, Gawron D. Ropivacaine/Fentanyl vs. Bupivacaine/Fentanyl for Pain Control in Children after Thoracic Surgery: A Randomized Study. Pain Manag Nurs. 2019 Aug;20(4):390-397. doi: 10.1016/j.pmn.2019.02.007. Epub 2019 May 15. PubMed 31103498 ↗
  • Tomaszek L, Fenikowski D, Gawron D, Komotajtys H. Comparative efficacy of continuous infusion of bupivacaine/fentanyl and ropivacaine/fentanyl for paediatric pain control after the Ravitch procedure and thoracotomy. A prospective randomized study. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2019 Dec;163(4):366-373. doi: 10.5507/bp.2018.072. Epub 2018 Nov 16. PubMed 30451243 ↗
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Timeline

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
ElapsedEstimatedEstimated, not yet reachedSimilar studies: half by the dot; the band is the middle halfHalf of similar studies reached it by the dot; the band is the middle half, from a quarter to three quarters

Ran from Mar 2015 to primary completion in Mar 2017, 24 months.

Of 531 non-industry phase 4 interventional studies under Pain, Postoperative, half reached primary completion within 16 months of starting (the median), counting those still running; a quarter within 8 and three quarters within 32. This study's 24 months is above that.

Counting every sponsor, half of 541 studies reached it within 16 months; a quarter within 8 and three quarters within 32.

How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.

Registered
Feb 16, 2018
First posted
Feb 23, 2018
StartActual
Mar 2, 2015
Primary completionActual
Mar 14, 2017
CompletionActual
Mar 14, 2017
Last update
May 28, 2020
What these dates mean
Start.
When the first participant enrolled; while estimated, when the study expects to open to recruitment.
Primary completion.
When the last participant was examined or treated to collect data for the study's main question, its primary outcome. A study that stopped early gives the date its data collection stopped.
Completion.
When the last participant's last visit took place, for every outcome, secondary ones and side effects included: the end of the study. Often later than primary completion, sometimes the same day.
Actual and Est.
Actual means the registry says the date has happened. Est. (estimated) is a date the sponsor plans or expects. It can still move, and the sponsor is expected to change it to actual once it has passed.
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on May 28, 2020, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
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Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT03444636
Lead sponsor
National Institute for Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Poland
Responsible party
Lucyna Tomaszek, PhD, RN (Director of Nursing, Specialist Nurse in Anesthesia and Intensive Care, National Institute for Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Poland) — Principal investigator
First posted
Feb 23, 2018
Start date
Mar 2, 2015
Primary completion
Mar 14, 2017
Completion
Mar 14, 2017
Last update
May 28, 2020

Study contacts

Lucyna Tomaszek, PhD
study director · National Institute for Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Poland

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
Yes
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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Studies of the drugs tested here: Ropivacaine · Fentanyl

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