CClinicalTrials.gg
CompletedNCT03440359Updated Feb 26, 2018

Vaginal Progesterone Supplementation in Women With PCOS Undergoing Ovulation Induction With Letrozole

A Phase 2/3 interventional study of Progesterone Vaginal Gel 8% and Letrozole Oral Tablet in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, sponsored by Eastern Virginia Medical School. Completed at 1 site in United States. Open to female participants aged 20 Years to 40 Years. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2018-02-26.

Sponsored by Eastern Virginia Medical School · Phase 2/3, Interventional, and Other

Phase
Phase 2/3
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
52
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
20 Years to 40 Years
Sex
Female
01

Study summary

Aromatase inhibitors such as letrozole are hypothesized to maintain normal hypothalamic/ pituitary feedback mechanisms and in the case of OI (ovulation induction) in women with PCOS, may act to increase follicular sensitivity to FSH by increasing intrafollicular androgen levels. Letrozole also may act to increase midluteal P levels presumably by induction of follicles and corpora lutea. The investigators are asking the question whether P supplementation with Crinone (8%) may have an additive beneficial effect on endometrial development in those women taking letrozole. Progesterone levels in the endometrium (tissue levels) have been documented to be significantly higher than serum levels after vaginal administration which may lead to higher pregnancy rates. In addition P has been shown to decrease LH pulse frequency which is elevated in PCOS and has been shown to down regulate endometrial androgen receptors. There have been retrospective studies showing progesterone supplementation seems to benefit both CC and letrozole treatment groups. In fact, this study showed the only pregnancies in the letrozole group were those in women who took P supplementation. However the number of cycles studied was small. There is a place for a randomized controlled trial (RCT) to determine if luteal phase P supplementation with Crinone should be used in all women using letrozole for Ovulation Induction (OI) in combination with Intrauterine Insemination (IUI) or Timed Intercourse (TI). This is currently not done in all clinical practices.

Read the detailed description

Approval of the study was obtained from the local IRB. Prospective volunteers had had an infertility workup including blood hormone levels (FSH, LH, E2, Progesterone, Prolactin, and Thyroid), partner's semen analysis, HSG, laparoscopy or hydrosonogram, plus a baseline evaluation including ultrasound of ovaries and uterus performed as standard of care. If the results of these tests and the remaining Inclusion/Exclusion criteria were met, the study consent was reviewed with participants and signatures were obtained. Participants contacted the clinic at the start of their menses (spontaneous or progesterone-induced) to start the treatment cycle. Eligibility criteria was reviewed, and Letrozole 2.5-7.5 mg day 3-7 was initiated based on BMI and prior response. An ultrasound was performed on cycle day 11 or 12 and repeated if needed to determine response until at least 1 follicle with mean diameter > 17mm in size was observed. When the appropriate follicle size was reached, participants were randomized into one of the two treatment groups as determined by a randomization table, and Ovidrel (250mcg) was administered. If there was no response identified by follicle growth on day 21, the participant was considered a letrozole failure, the cycle was stopped, and the participant was dropped from the study and was not included in subsequent cycles.

IUI/TI was performed at 24-48 hours after the Ovidrel (hCG) injection. If the participant was randomized to progesterone (Crinone), the luteal phase was supplemented once daily with vaginal progesterone (Crinone 8%) starting the second day after the IUI or TI and continued for 14 days. A urine or serum pregnancy test was performed as standard of care 16 days after the IUI/TI. If the test was positive, a confirmatory blood level (βhCG) was performed as standard of care X2 (1 week apart) and an ultrasound on post-hCG day 35-42 was done. Any pregnancies occurring in either treatment group were followed for delivery outcomes. Information regarding the delivery (induced, vaginal, cesarean section), date of birth, infant measurements (weight and length) and other important information regarding the infant's condition was obtained. Participants were allowed to undergo up to 3 cycles of letrozole as the pregnancy rates for the first 3 cycles have been shown to be similar. The participants were re-randomized each cycle. If the participant was pregnant, Crinone (8%) was continued until 10 weeks gestation in both groups.

Each participant was able to proceed with up to 3 cycles (consecutively, if desired) of OI over the next 6 months and was re-randomized each cycle.

02

Conditions studied

  • Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Keywords

  • PCOS, crinone, vaginal progesterone, ovulation induction
03

Who can participate

Ages eligible
20 Years to 40 Years
Sexes eligible
Female
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Inclusion criteria

  • Women who have anovulatory or oligoovulatory infertility who are undergoing ovulation induction for infertility with TI or IUI , with or without regular cycles defined as cycle length > 35 days, \< 26 days or amenorrhea (no cycles in the past six months), and who meet 2 out of 3 of the Rotterdam Criteria (1. Chronic anovulation or irregular cycles, 2. Clinical or biochemical hyperandrogenism, 3. Polycystic appearing ovaries on ultrasound.)
  • Day 3 FSH(Follicle stimulating hormone)\< 10 (obtained within 2 years prior to screening
  • Documented infertility for at least 1 year or documented anovulation
  • Willing to participate in up to 3 cycles of OI with letrozole and IUI or TI
  • Partner's or donor's SA> 5 million motile sperm within 2 years of screening
  • Patients may have received clomiphene citrate or letrozole treatment in the past.

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Untreated thyroid or prolactin abnormalities
  • Pregnancy in the last 3 months
  • BMI\< 18 or >40kg/m2
  • Abnormal uterine bleeding of undetermined origin
  • Contraindications to pregnancy
  • Progesterone sensitivity
  • Uterine anomalies seen on ultrasound (performed within 6 months prior to screening) that can affect pregnancy chances such as submucosal uterine fibroids or polyps
  • Three or more previous consecutive pregnancy losses
  • Blocked fallopian tubes X2 (documented by HSG, laparoscopy, or hydrosonogram completed within past 3 years)
  • More than 3 failed monitored letrozole cycles prior to enrolling
04

Study design

Phase
Phase 2 / Phase 3
Primary purpose
Other
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
Single (Outcomes assessor)
Enrollment
52 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Other
    # 1- no progesterone therapy

    Letrrozole 2.5 to 5 mg oral tablet cycle day 3-7.Pelvic ultrasound at cycle day 11 or 12 and repeat if needed until leading follicle is \>17 mm. Ovidrel 250 mcg injected sq. Timed intercourse or intrauterine insemination. No supplemental progesterone therapy in luteal phase

    Drug: Letrozole Oral Tablet · Diagnostic Test: pelvic ultrasound · Drug: Ovidrel 250 MCG Per 0.5 ML Prefilled Syringe · Other: Intrauterine insemination or timed intercourse

  • Active comparator
    # 2 - Progesterone Vaginal Gel 8%

    Letrrozole 2.5 to 5 mg oral tablet cycle day 3-7. Pelvic ultrasound at cycle day 11 or 12 and repeat if needed until leading follicle is \>17 mm. Ovidrel 250 mcg injected sq. Timed intercourse or intrauterine insemination.Crinone 8% (progesterone) vaginal therapy was provided in luteal phase for 14 days .Administration was started the second day after intrauterine insemination or timed intercourse.

    Drug: Progesterone Vaginal Gel 8% · Drug: Letrozole Oral Tablet · Diagnostic Test: pelvic ultrasound · Drug: Ovidrel 250 MCG Per 0.5 ML Prefilled Syringe · Other: Intrauterine insemination or timed intercourse

Interventions

  • DrugProgesterone Vaginal Gel 8%

    progesterone supplementation for luteal phase support administered with vaginal applicators and used instead of progesterone intramuscular injections or progesterone vaginal suppositories.

    Also known as: Crinone 8% vaginal gel

  • DrugLetrozole Oral Tablet

    letrozole oral tablet 2.5 mg or 5 mg administered cycle day 3-7 for ovulation induction

  • Diagnostic testpelvic ultrasound

    pelvic ultrasound performed at cycle day 11 or 12 and repeated as necessary until leading follicle size is \>17 mm in diameter

  • DrugOvidrel 250 MCG Per 0.5 ML Prefilled Syringe

    ovidrel 250 mcg given when leading follicle size is \> 17 mm in diameter

    Also known as: recombinant hCG 250 mcg

  • OtherIntrauterine insemination or timed intercourse

    Intrauterine insemination or timed intercourse (depending on semen parameters) performed 36-40 hours after Ovidrel

05

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Clinical pregnancy rates

    The primary endpoint of the trial is the Clinical Pregnancy Rate per cycle initiated

    Time frame: Per initiated cycle of treatment. At the end of Cycle 1, 2, and 3 (each cycle is 28 days) and if pregnant up to 8 weeks after completion of cycle

Secondary outcomes

  1. Live birth rates

    The secondary endpoint is the Live Birth Rate per cycle initiated (each cycle is 28 days)

    Time frame: Up to 1 year or until delivery

06

Study locations

1 site
  • Laurel A. Stadtmauer, MD, PhD
    Norfolk, Virginia 23507, United States
07

References and documents

Publications

  • Franks S. Assessment and management of anovulatory infertility in polycystic ovary syndrome. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2003 Sep;32(3):639-51. doi: 10.1016/s0889-8529(03)00044-6. PubMed 14560891 ↗
  • GOLDZIEHER JW, GREEN JA. The polycystic ovary. I. Clinical and histologic features. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1962 Mar;22:325-38. doi: 10.1210/jcem-22-3-325. No abstract available. PubMed 13899931 ↗
  • Richardson MR. Current perspectives in polycystic ovary syndrome. Am Fam Physician. 2003 Aug 15;68(4):697-704. PubMed 12952386 ↗
  • Hamilton-Fairley D, Taylor A. Anovulation. BMJ. 2003 Sep 6;327(7414):546-9. doi: 10.1136/bmj.327.7414.546. No abstract available. PubMed 12958117 ↗
  • Vendola KA, Zhou J, Adesanya OO, Weil SJ, Bondy CA. Androgens stimulate early stages of follicular growth in the primate ovary. J Clin Invest. 1998 Jun 15;101(12):2622-9. doi: 10.1172/JCI2081. PubMed 9637695 ↗
  • Rotterdam ESHRE/ASRM-Sponsored PCOS Consensus Workshop Group. Revised 2003 consensus on diagnostic criteria and long-term health risks related to polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril. 2004 Jan;81(1):19-25. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2003.10.004. PubMed 14711538 ↗
  • Ganesh A, Goswami SK, Chattopadhyay R, Chaudhury K, Chakravarty B. Comparison of letrozole with continuous gonadotropins and clomiphene-gonadotropin combination for ovulation induction in 1387 PCOS women after clomiphene citrate failure: a randomized prospective clinical trial. J Assist Reprod Genet. 2009 Jan;26(1):19-24. doi: 10.1007/s10815-008-9284-4. Epub 2009 Jan 7. PubMed 19127427 ↗
  • Casper RF. Aromatase inhibitors in ovarian stimulation. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2007 Aug-Sep;106(1-5):71-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2007.05.025. Epub 2007 May 24. PubMed 17604615 ↗
  • Eckmann KR, Kockler DR. Aromatase inhibitors for ovulation and pregnancy in polycystic ovary syndrome. Ann Pharmacother. 2009 Jul;43(7):1338-46. doi: 10.1345/aph.1M096. Epub 2009 Jul 7. PubMed 19584394 ↗
  • Miles RA, Paulson RJ, Lobo RA, Press MF, Dahmoush L, Sauer MV. Pharmacokinetics and endometrial tissue levels of progesterone after administration by intramuscular and vaginal routes: a comparative study. Fertil Steril. 1994 Sep;62(3):485-90. doi: 10.1016/s0015-0282(16)56935-0. PubMed 8062942 ↗
  • Cortinez A, De Carvalho I, Vantman D, Gabler F, Iniguez G, Vega M. Hormonal profile and endometrial morphology in letrozole-controlled ovarian hyperstimulation in ovulatory infertile patients. Fertil Steril. 2005 Jan;83(1):110-5. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2004.05.099. PubMed 15652895 ↗
  • Montville CP, Khabbaz M, Aubuchon M, Williams DB, Thomas MA. Luteal support with intravaginal progesterone increases clinical pregnancy rates in women with polycystic ovary syndrome using letrozole for ovulation induction. Fertil Steril. 2010 Jul;94(2):678-83. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.03.088. Epub 2009 Jun 9. PubMed 19515366 ↗

Individual participant data

Plan to share: No

08

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT03440359
Lead sponsor
Eastern Virginia Medical School
Collaborators
Watson Pharmaceuticals
Responsible party
Laurel Stadtmauer (Principal Investigator, Eastern Virginia Medical School) — Principal investigator
First posted
Feb 22, 2018
Start date
Jul 6, 2012
Primary completion
Nov 2, 2016
Completion
Dec 30, 2017
Last update
Feb 26, 2018

Study contacts

Laurel A Stadtmauer, MD, PhD
principal investigator · Eastern Virginia Medical School

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
Yes
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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