ClinicalTrials.gg
CompletedNCT03436992Updated Feb 17, 2025Results posted

Estrogen and Diabetes

An interventional study of Antioxidant Cocktail and Resveratrol in Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, sponsored by Augusta University. Completed at 2 sites in United States. Open to participants aged 18 Years to 40 Years, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2025-02-17.

Sponsored by Augusta University · Not applicable, Interventional, and Treatment

Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
143
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
18 Years to 40 Years
Sex
All
01

Where this study stands

Counted across the records on this site · 2026-11-12

Among 1,458 studies in Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 with a site in United States — 191 open to participants now, 259 under way, 17 of them phase 3. Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 · United States.

Enrollment
247th of 1,242
143 · median 40
Started
2018
with 73 others
No phase
614 of 1,458
99 open now
Registered
839th of 1,458
by date

Among the 1,458 studies in Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 with a site in United States, this one is the 247th largest by enrollment of the 1,242 interventional ones that give a count, is one of 74 that started in 2018, is one of 614 with no phase, and was the 839th registered.

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1

3,754 studies on the registry are indexed under Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; 600 are open to participants now.

Browse Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 studies →

Open to participants now

191 of the 1,458 studies in Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 with a site in United States are open now. Recruiting first, the newest first:

186 more — sign in →

All 191 open studies →

A study can be open while its sites in United States have not opened yet or have stopped. Only those recruiting at a site in United States →

Who these studies take

Of the 411 Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 studies recruiting now, 128 (31%) set no upper age limit and 257 (63%) stop at 75 or younger; 184 take children under 18; 64 take healthy volunteers.

This study: 18 Years to 40 Years · all sexes · healthy volunteers too.

The full table on the hub →

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02

Study summary

Diabetes has recently been referred to as "the epidemic of the 21st century". The reason why women with type 1 diabetes have a 2-3 fold greater risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) compared to men with type 1 diabetes is unknown.The purpose of this study is to investigate whether or not estrogen contributes to vascular dysfunction in premenopausal women with diabetes.

03

Conditions studied

  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1

Keywords

  • Estrogen, Diabetes
04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years to 40 Years
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
Yes

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  • Both men and premenopausal
  • Normal menstrual cycle interval of 25-35 days for at least 3 previous cycles
  • All races
  • Clinical diagnosis of insulin-dependent type 1 diabetes (patients only)

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Clinical diagnosis of hepatic, cardiovascular, or renal disease
  • Uncontrolled Diabetes (>9%)
  • Diabetic complications (i.e. macrovascular, microvascular, or autonomic)
  • Proteinuria
  • Uncontrolled Hypertension (>140/90 mmHg on therapy)
  • Hormonal use of (past 3 months)
  • Pregnancy
  • Oligomenorrhea
  • Direct vasoactive medications (i.e. nitrates)
  • Anti-estrogens (i.e. SERMs)
  • Plycystic ovarian syndrome (defined by NIH guidelines-hyperandrogenic anovulation)
  • Undetectable Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) following screening
Terms in these criteria, in plain language(2)

Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.

HbA1c

A blood test of average blood sugar over the past two to three months, given as a percentage or in mmol/mol. 6.5% (48 mmol/mol) or more is the usual threshold for diabetes, normally confirmed by a second test.

Contraception

Ways of preventing pregnancy. “Highly effective” methods fail less than 1% of the time a year when used correctly — for example an IUD or an implant.

Criteria usually say which methods count and how long to keep using them after the last dose, sometimes for male participants too. Some studies accept a partner’s vasectomy if it was confirmed successful and that person is the participant’s only sexual partner.

05

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
Double (Participant, Investigator)
Enrollment
143 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    Women with type 1 diabetes

    Women with type 1 diabetes will be randomly assigned to 1 of the 3 interventions (Antioxidant cocktail, Resveratrol, or placebo)

    Dietary Supplement: Antioxidant Cocktail · Dietary Supplement: Resveratrol · Other: Placebo

  • No intervention
    Healthy control women

    Healthy women who participate will receive no intervention and serve as controls.

  • Experimental
    Men with type 1 diabetes

    Men with type 1 diabetes will be randomly assigned to 1 of the 3 interventions (AOX cocktail, Resveratrol, or placebo)

    Dietary Supplement: Antioxidant Cocktail · Dietary Supplement: Resveratrol · Other: Placebo

Interventions

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. FMD/Shear

    Flow-Mediated Dilation (FMD) controlled for shear

    Time frame: ~ 2 weeks. Acquired at Menses and Late Follicular phase.

07

Results

Posted Feb 17, 2025

Participant flow

Participant flow — Overall Study
MilestoneT1M WomenControls
Started3225
Completed3225
Not completed00

Outcome measures

PrimaryFMD/Shear

Flow-Mediated Dilation (FMD) controlled for shear

Time frame:
~ 2 weeks. Acquired at Menses and Late Follicular phase.
Reported as:
Mean · %/s^-1
FMD/Shear
%/s^-1T1M WomenControls
Menses0.182 ± 0.0680.206 ± 0.100
Late Follicular0.155 ± 0.0590.219 ± 0.110

Adverse events

Collected over Baseline to Post testing (~2 weeks). Non-serious events are listed at a 0% frequency threshold.

Adverse event summary by group
GroupDeathsSeriousOther
T1M Women0/32 (0%)0/32 (0%)0/32 (0%)
Controls0/25 (0%)0/25 (0%)0/25 (0%)

Baseline characteristics

Age, Continuous
Age, Continuous(years)T1M WomenControlsTotal
Mean25 ± 624 ± 625 ± 6
Sex: Female, Male
Sex: Female, Male(Participants)T1M WomenControlsTotal
Female322557
Male000
Race (NIH/OMB)
Race (NIH/OMB)(Participants)T1M WomenControlsTotal
American Indian or Alaska Native000
Asian000
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander000
Black or African American91120
White231437
More than one race000
Unknown or Not Reported000
Height
Height(cm)T1M WomenControlsTotal
Mean163.5 ± 7.0165.4 ± 5.8164.3 ± 6.5
Weight
Weight(kg)T1M WomenControlsTotal
Mean72.8 ± 17.668.4 ± 15.870.9 ± 16.8
BMI
BMI(kg/m^2)T1M WomenControlsTotal
Mean27.2 ± 5.724.5 ± 4.726.0 ± 5.4
MAP
MAP(mm Hg)T1M WomenControlsTotal
Mean87 ± 883 ± 785 ± 8
CRP
CRP(mg/L)T1M WomenControlsTotal
Mean5.4 ± 8.31.2 ± 1.33.6 ± 6.6

6 further baseline measures are reported on the registry.

08

Study locations

2 sites
  • Augusta University
    Augusta, Georgia 30912, United States
  • Georgia Prevention Institute
    Augusta, Georgia 30912, United States
09

References and documents

Study documents

PDFs hosted by the registry, ClinicalTrials.gov.

10

Timeline

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
ElapsedEstimatedEstimated, not yet reachedSimilar studies: half by the dot; the band is the middle halfHalf of similar studies reached it by the dot; the band is the middle half, from a quarter to three quarters

Ran from Apr 2018 to primary completion in Sep 2023, 64 months.

Results were first posted in Feb 2025, 1 year 5 months after primary completion.

Of 844 non-industry interventional studies with no phase under Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, half reached primary completion within 19 months of starting (the median), counting those still running; a quarter within 10 and three quarters within 38. This study's 64 months is above that.

Counting every sponsor, half of 949 studies reached it within 18 months; a quarter within 9 and three quarters within 35.

How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.

Registered
Feb 13, 2018
First posted
Feb 19, 2018
StartActual
Apr 17, 2018
Primary completionActual
Sep 1, 2023
CompletionActual
Dec 31, 2023
Results first posted
Feb 17, 2025
Last update
Feb 17, 2025
What these dates mean
Start.
When the first participant enrolled; while estimated, when the study expects to open to recruitment.
Primary completion.
When the last participant was examined or treated to collect data for the study's main question, its primary outcome. A study that stopped early gives the date its data collection stopped.
Completion.
When the last participant's last visit took place, for every outcome, secondary ones and side effects included: the end of the study. Often later than primary completion, sometimes the same day.
Actual and Est.
Actual means the registry says the date has happened. Est. (estimated) is a date the sponsor plans or expects. It can still move, and the sponsor is expected to change it to actual once it has passed.
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Feb 17, 2025, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
11

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT03436992
Lead sponsor
Augusta University
Responsible party
Ryan Harris (Associate Professor, Augusta University) — Principal investigator
First posted
Feb 19, 2018
Start date
Apr 17, 2018
Primary completion
Sep 1, 2023
Completion
Dec 31, 2023
Results posted
Feb 17, 2025
Last update
Feb 17, 2025

Study contacts

Ryan Harris, PhD, CES
principal investigator · Augusta University

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

Not currently enrolling

This study is completed, as verified in Jan 2025. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

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Discussion

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Studies of the drugs tested here: Ascorbic Acid · Vitamin E · Thioctic Acid · Resveratrol

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