ClinicalTrials.gg
CompletedNCT03414775Updated Jan 12, 2026

Influences of High-fiber, Organic Whole-food Formula on the Gut Microbiome in Critically Ill Children

An interventional study of Nourish and Pediasure in Critical Illness, Dysbiosis and Pediatric ALL, sponsored by University of Pittsburgh. Completed at 1 site in United States. Open to participants aged 1 Year to 17 Years. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-01-12.

Primary conditionDysbiosisRegistry: Critical IllnessReclassifiedWhy we changed it
Registry
Critical Illness — the first condition term the registry derived for this study.
ClinicalTrials.gg
Dysbiosis
Why
  1. Critical Illness is a broad heading, used only when no more specific condition is named.
  2. The study's listed conditions name Dysbiosis.
Confidence
High: the new condition is named in the study's own listed conditions. Of 351 hand-checked studies reclassified this way, 68% were exactly right and 84% in the right disease family; the registry's first term was right for 5% (measured 2026-10-21). How we classify →
Wrong?
Tell us the study's main condition →

Sponsored by University of Pittsburgh · Not applicable, Interventional, and Other

Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
32
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
1 Year to 17 Years
Sex
All
01

Where this study stands

Counted across the records on this site · 2026-11-12

Among 44 studies in Dysbiosis with a site in United States — 14 open to participants now, 20 under way, none of them phase 3. Dysbiosis · United States.

Enrollment
25th of 35
32 · median 48
Started
2018
with 4 others
No phase
20 of 44
7 open now
Registered
7th of 44
by date

Among the 44 studies in Dysbiosis with a site in United States, this one is the 25th largest by enrollment of the 35 interventional ones that give a count, is one of 5 that started in 2018, is one of 20 with no phase, and was the 7th registered.

Dysbiosis

187 studies on the registry are indexed under Dysbiosis; 64 are open to participants now.

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Open to participants now

14 of the 44 studies in Dysbiosis with a site in United States are open now. Recruiting first, the newest first:

9 more — sign in →

All 14 open studies →

A study can be open while its sites in United States have not opened yet or have stopped. Only those recruiting at a site in United States →

Who these studies take

Of the 41 Dysbiosis studies recruiting now, 14 (34%) set no upper age limit and 24 (59%) stop at 75 or younger; 10 take children under 18; 18 take healthy volunteers.

This study: 1 Year to 17 Years · all sexes · no healthy volunteers.

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02

Study summary

This study evaluates the effects of either Pediasure or Nourish formulas on the gastrointestinal microbiome in critically-ill children. Patients will be randomized to received either Pediasure or Nourish.

Read the detailed description

The gastrointestinal microbiome has been shown to be altered in critically-ill children such that there is a larger shift toward pathogenic bacteria. Previous studies have shown that probiotics, fecal transplants, antibiotic decontamination, and dietary interventions can shift the gastrointestinal microbiome toward a metabolically favorable microbiome profile and be associated with improvements in disease burden.

This study will randomize critically-ill children who are stable enough for enteral tube feedings to receive either Pediasure or Nourish. Pediasure is a commercially-made formula that is used commonly in pediatric patients. Nourish is an organic, whole-food formula with a high fiber content. High-fiber diets have been correlated with metabolically favorable microbiome profiles. This study will look at the microbiome before and after initiation of enteral tube feedings to determine if either formula is associated with a shift in the microbiome toward a favorable profile.

03

Conditions studied

  • Critical Illness
  • Dysbiosis
  • Pediatric ALL

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Keywords

  • microbiome
  • gastrointestinal microbiome
  • pediatrics
  • critical illness
04

In context

Dysbiosis Reclassified

187 studies on the registry are indexed under Dysbiosis; 64 are open to participants now.

This study's enrollment of 32 is below the median of 60 across 132 interventional studies indexed under Dysbiosis.

Browse Dysbiosis studies →

Lead sponsor

University of Pittsburgh is the lead sponsor of 1,420 studies on the registry; 169 are open to participants now.

Of its 9 completed or terminated interventional studies of FDA-regulated products, 4 (44%) have results posted.

Compared within Dysbiosis, this study's primary condition as ClinicalTrials.gg classifies it; the registry's first condition term is Critical Illness. The counts are of registry records indexed under each term, refreshed daily. How we classify →

05

Who can participate

Ages eligible
1 Year to 17 Years
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  • Admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit
  • Age 1-17 years old
  • Previously placed enteric tube designed for enteric feeding

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Vasoactive medication use
  • History of allergies or intolerances to either Pediasure or Nourish
  • Whey allergy or intolerance
  • Gluten sensitivity or intolerance
  • Medical condition that necessitate the use of specific formulas and/or nutritional needs (e.g. epilepsy requiring ketogenic diet, genetic metabolic dysfunction with specific formula requirements)
06

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Other
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
None (open label)
Enrollment
32 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Active comparator
    Pediasure

    Patients assigned to this arm will receive Pediasure

    Other: Pediasure

  • Active comparator
    Nourish

    Patients assigned to this arm will receive Nourish

    Other: Nourish

Interventions

  • OtherNourish

    The effects of Nourish on the gastrointestinal microbiome will be compared to the the effects of Pediasure on the gastrointestinal microbiome

  • OtherPediasure

    The effects of Nourish on the gastrointestinal microbiome will be compared to the the effects of Pediasure on the gastrointestinal microbiome

07

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Changes to the gastrointestinal microbiome

    Fecal samples will be collected for bacterial 16s rRNA gene sequencing and analysis

    Time frame: Prior to initiation of enteral tube feeds then on day 1, day 5-7, and day 14 of feedings

  2. Changes to the gastrointestinal microbiome

    Salivary samples will be collected for bacterial 16s rRNA gene sequencing and analysis

    Time frame: Prior to initiation of enteral tube feeds then on day 1, day 5-7, and day 14 of feedings

Secondary outcomes

  1. Concentration of short-chain fatty acids

    Fecal samples will be analyzed by gas chromatography

    Time frame: Prior to initiation of enteral tube feeds then on day 1, day 5-7, and day 14 of feedings

08

Study locations

1 site
  • Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC
    Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224, United States
09

References and documents

Individual participant data

Plan to share: No

No publications or documents are linked to this record.

10

Timeline

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
ElapsedEstimatedEstimated, not yet reachedSimilar studies: half by the dot; the band is the middle halfHalf of similar studies reached it by the dot; the band is the middle half, from a quarter to three quarters

Ran from Feb 2018 to primary completion in Feb 2025, 83 months.

Of 71 non-industry interventional studies with no phase under Dysbiosis, half reached primary completion within 19 months of starting (the median), counting those still running; a quarter within 11 and three quarters within 28. This study's 83 months is above that.

Counting every sponsor, half of 83 studies reached it within 19 months; a quarter within 10 and three quarters within 27.

How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.

Registered
Jan 22, 2018
First posted
Jan 30, 2018
StartActual
Feb 2, 2018
Primary completionActual
Feb 1, 2025
CompletionActual
Jul 1, 2025
Last update
Jan 12, 2026
What these dates mean
Start.
When the first participant enrolled; while estimated, when the study expects to open to recruitment.
Primary completion.
When the last participant was examined or treated to collect data for the study's main question, its primary outcome. A study that stopped early gives the date its data collection stopped.
Completion.
When the last participant's last visit took place, for every outcome, secondary ones and side effects included: the end of the study. Often later than primary completion, sometimes the same day.
Actual and Est.
Actual means the registry says the date has happened. Est. (estimated) is a date the sponsor plans or expects. It can still move, and the sponsor is expected to change it to actual once it has passed.
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Jan 12, 2026, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
11

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT03414775
Responsible party
Rajesh Aneja (Associate Professor, University of Pittsburgh) — Principal investigator
First posted
Jan 30, 2018
Start date
Feb 2, 2018
Primary completion
Feb 1, 2025
Completion
Jul 1, 2025
Last update
Jan 12, 2026

Study contacts

Raj Aneja, MD
principal investigator · University of Pittsburgh Medical Center

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

Not currently enrolling

This study is completed, as verified in Jan 2026. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

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