CClinicalTrials.gg
CompletedNCT03414775Updated Jan 12, 2026

Influences of High-fiber, Organic Whole-food Formula on the Gut Microbiome in Critically Ill Children

An interventional study of Nourish and Pediasure in Critical Illness, Dysbiosis and Pediatric ALL, sponsored by University of Pittsburgh. Completed at 1 site in United States. Open to participants aged 1 Year to 17 Years. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-01-12.

Sponsored by University of Pittsburgh · Not applicable, Interventional, and Other

Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
32
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
1 Year to 17 Years
Sex
All
01

Study summary

This study evaluates the effects of either Pediasure or Nourish formulas on the gastrointestinal microbiome in critically-ill children. Patients will be randomized to received either Pediasure or Nourish.

Read the detailed description

The gastrointestinal microbiome has been shown to be altered in critically-ill children such that there is a larger shift toward pathogenic bacteria. Previous studies have shown that probiotics, fecal transplants, antibiotic decontamination, and dietary interventions can shift the gastrointestinal microbiome toward a metabolically favorable microbiome profile and be associated with improvements in disease burden.

This study will randomize critically-ill children who are stable enough for enteral tube feedings to receive either Pediasure or Nourish. Pediasure is a commercially-made formula that is used commonly in pediatric patients. Nourish is an organic, whole-food formula with a high fiber content. High-fiber diets have been correlated with metabolically favorable microbiome profiles. This study will look at the microbiome before and after initiation of enteral tube feedings to determine if either formula is associated with a shift in the microbiome toward a favorable profile.

02

Conditions studied

  • Critical Illness
  • Dysbiosis
  • Pediatric ALL

Keywords

  • microbiome
  • gastrointestinal microbiome
  • pediatrics
  • critical illness
03

Who can participate

Ages eligible
1 Year to 17 Years
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Inclusion criteria

  • Admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit
  • Age 1-17 years old
  • Previously placed enteric tube designed for enteric feeding

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Vasoactive medication use
  • History of allergies or intolerances to either Pediasure or Nourish
  • Whey allergy or intolerance
  • Gluten sensitivity or intolerance
  • Medical condition that necessitate the use of specific formulas and/or nutritional needs (e.g. epilepsy requiring ketogenic diet, genetic metabolic dysfunction with specific formula requirements)
04

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Other
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
None (open label)
Enrollment
32 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Active comparator
    Pediasure

    Patients assigned to this arm will receive Pediasure

    Other: Pediasure

  • Active comparator
    Nourish

    Patients assigned to this arm will receive Nourish

    Other: Nourish

Interventions

  • OtherNourish

    The effects of Nourish on the gastrointestinal microbiome will be compared to the the effects of Pediasure on the gastrointestinal microbiome

  • OtherPediasure

    The effects of Nourish on the gastrointestinal microbiome will be compared to the the effects of Pediasure on the gastrointestinal microbiome

05

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Changes to the gastrointestinal microbiome

    Fecal samples will be collected for bacterial 16s rRNA gene sequencing and analysis

    Time frame: Prior to initiation of enteral tube feeds then on day 1, day 5-7, and day 14 of feedings

  2. Changes to the gastrointestinal microbiome

    Salivary samples will be collected for bacterial 16s rRNA gene sequencing and analysis

    Time frame: Prior to initiation of enteral tube feeds then on day 1, day 5-7, and day 14 of feedings

Secondary outcomes

  1. Concentration of short-chain fatty acids

    Fecal samples will be analyzed by gas chromatography

    Time frame: Prior to initiation of enteral tube feeds then on day 1, day 5-7, and day 14 of feedings

06

Study locations

1 site
  • Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC
    Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224, United States
07

References and documents

Individual participant data

Plan to share: No

No publications or documents are linked to this record.

08

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT03414775
Lead sponsor
University of Pittsburgh
Responsible party
Rajesh Aneja (Associate Professor, University of Pittsburgh) — Principal investigator
First posted
Jan 30, 2018
Start date
Feb 2, 2018
Primary completion
Feb 1, 2025
Completion
Jul 1, 2025
Last update
Jan 12, 2026

Study contacts

Raj Aneja, MD
principal investigator · University of Pittsburgh Medical Center

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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This study is completed, as verified in Jan 2026. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

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