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TerminatedNCT03401489Updated Dec 11, 2025Results posted

PACESETTER: Program to Avoid Cerebrovascular Events Through Systematic Electronic Tracking and Tailoring of an Eminent Risk-factor

An interventional study of PACESETTER in Blood Pressure, Hypertension and Mhealth, sponsored by Northern California Institute of Research and Education. Terminated at 4 sites in United States. Open to participants aged 18 Years to 80 Years. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2025-12-11.

Sponsored by Northern California Institute of Research and Education · Not applicable, Interventional, and Prevention

Why this study was terminated
Study delays and ran out of funding
Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
120
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
18 Years to 80 Years
Sex
All
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Study summary

Program to Avoid Cerebrovascular Events through Systematic Electronic Tracking and Tailoring of an Eminent Risk-factor (PACESETTER) aims to assess the incorporation of its stroke intervention into 2 safety net/academic health systems in a given US state especially burdened by stroke, thereby enhancing knowledge about the complexity of stroke interventions, and especially the nature of the challenges encountered in low resource settings and for populations traditionally underrepresented in research. Altogether, the intervention, if proven implementable and effective, may eventually be exported to other medically underserved populations in the US beyond SC as a feasible model of post-stroke management.

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Conditions studied

  • Blood Pressure
  • Hypertension
  • Mhealth

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Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years to 80 Years
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Inclusion criteria

  • African American or non-Hispanic white
  • history of stroke (within six months of symptom onset)
  • uncontrolled HTN (SBP ≥ 130 mmHg at the last clinical encounter post-stroke prior to recruitment)
  • owning a smartphone with a data plan
  • able to take their own BP and self-administer medications.

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Any condition that would limit participation in follow up assessments including severe cognitive impairment/dementia

    • severe global disability (modified Rankin Score ≥ 3)
    • BMI> 40kg/m\^2
    • Not being able to speak, hear, or understand English
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Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Prevention
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
Single (Outcomes assessor)
Enrollment
120 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    PACESETTER

    Participants in the PACESETTER arm received a multicomponent, mHealth-enabled self-management program designed to improve post-stroke blood-pressure control. Each participant was provided a Bluetooth-enabled UA-767Plus BT home blood-pressure monitor, a Vaica electronic medication tray that emitted visual and auditory reminders, and the PACESETTER smartphone app. The app delivered instructional videos, enabled automatic transmission of BP and adherence data to a secure server, and generated tailored SMS messages based on self-determination-theory constructs of competence and autonomous regulation. Participants also received twice-weekly educational text messages regarding hypertension and stroke prevention, medication adherence, and communication with clinicians. Bi-weekly adherence and BP summaries were sent to study physicians to guide medication adjustments. Study coordinators contacted participants monthly to ensure device functioning and collect follow-up data.

    Device: PACESETTER

  • No intervention
    Healthy Lifestyle Intervention Group

    General lifestyle SMS matched in frequency and length to the intervention; monthly follow-ups; no devices, adherence monitoring, or physician-directed feedback.

Interventions

  • DevicePACESETTER

    Patients will be given a Vaica electronic pill tray \& blue-toothed UA-767 Plus BT BP device and the PACESETTER app installed on their smart phone for automatic relay of BP data. The Vaica tray emits a blinking light for 30 minutes when it is time to take the meds. If the compartment is not opened and emptied, an intermittent chime ensues for 30 minutes. If the compartment is not opened and emptied, the subject /caregiver receives an automated SMS. PACESETTERs will be given a questionnaire. Responses will be used to generate personalized motivational \& reinforcement messages guided by self-determination theory constructs of competence \& autonomous regulation. In addition to personalized messages, PACESETTERs will receive text messages 2 times per week on HTN/stroke facts, importance of med adherence, and tips on expressing questions/concerns with a physician. We will calculate medication possession ratios, on all subjects' HTN medications at each evaluation.

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What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Proportion of Participants Achieving Systolic Blood Pressure <130 mmHg at 12 Months

    Clinic systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured at 12 months after randomization. The proportion of participants in each arm achieving SBP \<130 mmHg was calculated.

    Time frame: 12 months

Secondary outcomes

  1. Mean Systolic Blood Pressure at 12 Months

    Clinic systolic blood pressure (SBP, mmHg) measured at baseline, 4, 8, and 12 months after randomization. The 12-month value is reported here, comparing intervention and control arms. Lower values indicate better blood-pressure control.

    Time frame: 12 months

  2. Mean Diastolic Blood Pressure at 12 Months

    Clinic diastolic blood pressure (DBP, mmHg) measured at the 12-month value is reported here, comparing intervention and control arms. Lower values indicate better blood-pressure control.

    Time frame: 12 months

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Results

Posted Nov 24, 2025
Limitations and caveats
The study did not reach the planned sample size due to COVID-19 disruptions and funding loss, resulting in high attrition and limited power. Lack of a multidisciplinary telehealth component and community-based retention strategies may have reduced engagement. Investigators and participants were unblinded, though blinded evaluators assessed outcomes. Findings may be less generalizable beyond safety-net hospitals in the Southeastern U.S. Findings will be submitted for peer-review publication.

Participant flow

Stroke survivors with uncontrolled systolic hypertension were recruited from two safety-net health systems in South Carolina (MUSC and USC) between July 2020-February 2024. Potential participants were identified through EMR review and clinic screening. Recruitment ended at 60% of target due to COVID-19 disruptions and loss of funding. A total of 120 patients were enrolled and randomized 1:1.

Participant flow — Overall Study
MilestonePACESETTERHealthy Lifestyle Intervention Group
Started6060
Completed2621
Not completed3439

Outcome measures

PrimaryProportion of Participants Achieving Systolic Blood Pressure <130 mmHg at 12 Months

Clinic systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured at 12 months after randomization. The proportion of participants in each arm achieving SBP \<130 mmHg was calculated.

Time frame:
12 months
Reported as:
Count of participants · Participants
Proportion of Participants Achieving Systolic Blood Pressure <130 mmHg at 12 Months
ParticipantsPACESETTERHealthy Lifestyle Intervention Group
Proportion of Participants Achieving Systolic Blood Pressure <130 mmHg at 12 Months1517
Statistical analysis
  • PACESETTER vs Healthy Lifestyle Intervention Group · Mixed Models Analysis · p = 0.822 (Significance threshold was α=0.05, two-sided. No adjustment for multiple comparisons.) · Odds ratio (or): 0.99 · 95% CI .36 to 2.72Difference defined as Control minus PACESETTER at 12 months (SBP \<130 mmHg); odds ratio \<1 favors the PACESETTER arm.
SecondaryMean Systolic Blood Pressure at 12 Months

Clinic systolic blood pressure (SBP, mmHg) measured at baseline, 4, 8, and 12 months after randomization. The 12-month value is reported here, comparing intervention and control arms. Lower values indicate better blood-pressure control.

Time frame:
12 months
Reported as:
Mean · mmHg
Mean Systolic Blood Pressure at 12 Months
mmHgPACESETTERHealthy Lifestyle Intervention Group
Mean Systolic Blood Pressure at 12 Months132.5 ± 20.8134.9 ± 18.5
Statistical analysis
  • PACESETTER vs Healthy Lifestyle Intervention Group · Mixed Models Analysis · p = 0.623 (Two-sided α=0.05; no adjustment for multiple comparisons.) · Mean difference (final values): 2.4 · 95% CI -7.3 to 12.1Positive values favor the control arm.
SecondaryMean Diastolic Blood Pressure at 12 Months

Clinic diastolic blood pressure (DBP, mmHg) measured at the 12-month value is reported here, comparing intervention and control arms. Lower values indicate better blood-pressure control.

Time frame:
12 months
Reported as:
Mean · mmHg
Mean Diastolic Blood Pressure at 12 Months
mmHgPACESETTERHealthy Lifestyle Intervention Group
Mean Diastolic Blood Pressure at 12 Months85.7 ± 12.888 ± 12.1
Statistical analysis
  • PACESETTER vs Healthy Lifestyle Intervention Group · Mixed Models Analysis · p = 0.614 (Two-sided α=0.05; no adjustment for multiple comparisons.) · Mean difference (net): -0.9 · 95% CI -7.8 to 6.0Negative values favor the PACESETTER arm.

Adverse events

Collected over From randomization/enrollment until end of study follow-up at 12 months. Non-serious events are listed at a 5% frequency threshold.

Adverse event summary by group
GroupDeathsSeriousOther
PACESETTER0/60 (0%)0/60 (0%)28/60 (46.7%)
Healthy Lifestyle Intervention Group0/60 (0%)0/60 (0%)21/60 (35%)
Most frequent other events
Most frequent other events
EventPACESETTERHealthy Lifestyle Intervention Group
Frequent urination (nocturia)Renal and urinary disorders12/6010/60
Fatigue/weaknessGeneral disorders9/606/60
Constipation/diarrhea or stool changesGastrointestinal disorders7/605/60

Baseline characteristics

Age, Continuous
Age, Continuous(years)PACESETTERHealthy Lifestyle Intervention GroupTotal
Mean61.1 ± 10.259.7 ± 10.960.4 ± 10.6
Sex: Female, Male
Sex: Female, Male(Participants)PACESETTERHealthy Lifestyle Intervention GroupTotal
Female252752
Male353368
Race (NIH/OMB)
Race (NIH/OMB)(Participants)PACESETTERHealthy Lifestyle Intervention GroupTotal
American Indian or Alaska Native000
Asian000
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander000
Black or African American393877
White212243
More than one race000
Unknown or Not Reported000
Region of Enrollment
Region of Enrollment(Participants)PACESETTERHealthy Lifestyle Intervention GroupTotal
United States6060120
Modified Rankin Score (mRS)
Modified Rankin Score (mRS)(units on a scale)PACESETTERHealthy Lifestyle Intervention GroupTotal
Mean1.8 ± .091.9 ± .081.85 ± 0.85
Baseline DBP (mmHg)
Baseline DBP (mmHg)(mmHg)PACESETTERHealthy Lifestyle Intervention GroupTotal
Mean85.7 ± 12.888 ± 10.186.9 ± 11.5
Number of Daily Medications ≥ 5
Number of Daily Medications ≥ 5(Participants)PACESETTERHealthy Lifestyle Intervention GroupTotal
Count of participants433982
Insurance Status
Insurance Status(Participants)PACESETTERHealthy Lifestyle Intervention GroupTotal
Private242448
Medicare/Medicaid231740
Both91120
No insurance4812
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Study locations

4 sites
  • NCIRE
    San Francisco, California 94121, United States
  • Medical University of South Carolina
    Charleston, South Carolina 29425, United States
  • University of South Carolina
    Columbia, South Carolina 29203, United States
  • Regional Medical Center: Orangeburg Hospital
    Orangeburg, South Carolina 29118, United States
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References and documents

Publications

  • Wabnitz AM, Chandler J, Treiber F, Sen S, Jenkins C, Newman JC, Mueller M, Tinker A, Flynn A, Tagge R, Ovbiagele B. Program to Avoid Cerebrovascular Events through Systematic Electronic Tracking and Tailoring of an Eminent Risk factor: Protocol of a RCT. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2021 Aug;30(8):105815. doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2021.105815. Epub 2021 May 27. PubMed 34052785 ↗

Study documents

  • Protocol and statistical analysis plan · Sep 29, 2021

Documents are hosted by the registry — open the source record to download them.

Individual participant data

Plan to share: No

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Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT03401489
Lead sponsor
Northern California Institute of Research and Education
Collaborators
University of South Carolina, Medical University of South Carolina, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (NIMHD)
Responsible party
Bruce Ovbiagele (Chief of Staff, Northern California Institute of Research and Education) — Principal investigator
First posted
Jan 17, 2018
Start date
Jul 14, 2020
Primary completion
Feb 28, 2024
Completion
Feb 28, 2024
Results posted
Nov 24, 2025
Last update
Dec 11, 2025

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
Yes
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
Yes
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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