ClinicalTrials.gg
CompletedNCT03377582Updated Aug 5, 2019

Virtual Reality Based-therapy Applied to Physical Therapy in Cardiology.

An interventional study of Exercise in Cardiac Disease and Risk Factor, Cardiovascular, sponsored by Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho. Completed at 1 site in Brazil. Open to participants aged 18 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2019-08-05.

Sponsored by Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho · Not applicable, Interventional, and Prevention

Help build ClinicalTrials.gg — short surveys, remote interviews or testing, in your language. Take part →

Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
68
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
18 Years and older
Sex
All
01

Where this study stands

Counted across the records on this site · 2026-11-13

Among 47 studies in Heart Diseases with a site in Brazil — 10 open to participants now, 12 under way, 3 of them phase 3. Heart Diseases · Brazil.

Enrollment
34th of 43
68 · median 280
Started
2017
with 2 others
No phase
21 of 47
7 open now
Registered
23rd of 47
by date

Among the 47 studies in Heart Diseases with a site in Brazil, this one is the 34th largest by enrollment of the 43 interventional ones that give a count, is one of 3 that started in 2017, is one of 21 with no phase, and was the 23rd registered.

Heart Diseases

2,135 studies on the registry are indexed under Heart Diseases; 252 are open to participants now.

Browse Heart Diseases studies →

Open to participants now

10 of the 47 studies in Heart Diseases with a site in Brazil are open now. Recruiting first, the newest first:

5 more — sign in →

All 10 open studies →

A study can be open while its sites in Brazil have not opened yet or have stopped. Only those recruiting at a site in Brazil →

Who these studies take

Of the 181 Heart Diseases studies recruiting now, 128 (71%) set no upper age limit and 21 (12%) stop at 75 or younger; 32 take children under 18; 42 take healthy volunteers.

This study: 18 Years and older · all sexes · no healthy volunteers.

The full table on the hub →

This tab as a report to print or save as PDF → With an account.

Was this useful?
Watch this landscapeDownload CSVNarrow it in search →With an account: a weekly mail of what changed among 47 studies in Heart Diseases with a site in Brazil, or all of them as a file.
02

Study summary

The aim of this study is to investigate engagement, motivation, and the barriers to adherence of virtual reality based therapy (VRBT) in patients with cardiac diseases and risk factors to the development of cardiac diseases. In addition, to investigate autonomic and hemodynamic responses of VRBT in comparison with conventional therapy (CT). To do this, patients with cardiac diseases or risk factors will be invited to perform CT or VRBT+CT. They will be submitted to an initial evaluation, and then will be random allocated to 12 weeks of intervention and to a final evaluation. The primary outcomes includes engagement, motivation, barriers and adherence in the 12 previous weeks using questionnaire, after 12 weeks of the intervention and after 12 weeks of the final intervention program. Hemodynamic and autonomic responses will be considered the secondary outcomes being evaluated before, during and after a session at the first, sixth and twelfth week.

Read the detailed description

Introduction: cardiovascular rehabilitation programs (CR) can promote several benefits in patients with cardiac diseases. However, there are problems related to the patient adherence in CR. Some of these problems can be caused to factors like motivation. Alternative therapies can improve motivation and increase adherence to CR. In this context, virtual reality based therapy (VRBT), have shown benefits in cardiac patients to pain relief, functional capacity and increasing physical activity levels, but there is no answer whether it can increase engagement and adherence to CR. In addition, it is important to investigate hemodynamic responses of VRBT. Objective: investigate engagement, motivation, and the barriers to adherence of VRBT in patients with cardiac diseases and risk factors to the development of cardiac diseases. In addition, to investigate autonomic and hemodynamic responses of VRBT in comparison with conventional therapy (CT). Methods: patients with cardiac diseases or risk factors will be invited to perform CT or VRBT+CT. They will be submitted to an initial evaluation, the intervention and to a final evaluation. The initial evaluation include eligibility investigation, and after they will be random allocated to the interventions. The interventions will be performed with a frequency of three times a week, for 12 weeks, and the intensity will be prescribed individually. The primary outcomes includes engagement, motivation, barriers and adherence in the 12 previous weeks according to a recall questionnaire, after 12 weeks of the intervention and after 12 weeks of the final intervention program. The engagement will be evaluated using the User Engagement Scale (modified). Motivation will be evaluated using the intrinsic motivation questionnaire. The barriers will be evaluated using the Barriers Scale of Cardiac Rehabilitation. Adherence will be evaluated using the presence in the patient's records. Hemodynamic responses will be evaluated before, during and after a session at the first, sixth and twelfth week using blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation and rating of perceived exertion. Autonomic responses will be evaluated using heart rate variability. Statistical analysis: the data analysis will be evaluated using the two way ANOVA with Bonferroni posttest with significance to p \< 0.05.

03

Conditions studied

  • Cardiac Disease
  • Risk Factor, Cardiovascular

Keywords

  • cardiovascular diseases
  • cardiac rehabilitation
  • sympathetic nervous system
  • heart rate
  • blood pressure
  • clinical trial
  • virtual reality exposure therapy
  • barriers to cardiac rehabilitation
  • motivation
  • adherence patient
  • engagement
  • perceived exertion
  • oxygen saturation
04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years and older
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  • Patients with cardiovascular diseases
  • Patients with risk factors to develop cardiovascular diseases

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Patients who disagree to participate of any protocol interventions
05

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Prevention
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
Double (Participant, Investigator)
Enrollment
68 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Active comparator
    Conventional therapy

    Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation

    Other: Exercise

  • Experimental
    Virtual reality based therapy

    Exercise-based virtual reality

    Other: Exercise

Interventions

  • OtherExercise

    Both interventions uses exercises

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Engagement

    Measured using the Utrecht engagement scale modified There is 17 items scored from 1 to 7, according to the Likert Scale. Then, each item is summed and divided for the number of items. Higher values represent a better engagement.

    Time frame: Change from baseline at 12 weeks

  2. Motivation

    Measured using the Intrinsic motivation inventory There is 18 items scored from 1 to 5, according to the Likert Scale. Then, each item is summed and divided for the number of items. Higher values represent a better motivation.

    Time frame: Change from baseline at 12 weeks

  3. Barriers to Cardiac Rehabilitation

    Measured using Cardiac Rehabilitation Barriers Scale There is 21 items score from 1 to 5, according to the Likert Scale. Then, each item is summed and divided for the number of items. Higher values represent a worse outcome. In addition, there is four subscales: 1) Perceived need/health care factors, 2) Logistical factors, 3) Work/time conflicts, and 4) Comorbidities/functional status. The subscales are scored in the same way of the total, it means, from 1 to 5 and them dividing from the total number of the items included in the subscale.

    Time frame: Change from baseline at 12 weeks

  4. Adherence to Cardiac Rehabilitation

    Measured using the number of cardiac rehabilitation sessions attended

    Time frame: Change from baseline at 12 weeks

Secondary outcomes

  1. Autonomic responses

    Measured using heart rate variability The heart rate variability will be measured through the following linear indices (SDNN: the standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals, ms; rMSSD: the root mean square of successive difference between normal intervals,ms; RRtri: triangular index, based on RR intervals,ms; TINN: triangular interpolation of the normal to normal interval between consecutive heart beats, ms; LF: low frequency, nu; HF: high frequency and nonlinear indices,nu.). In addition the nonlinear indices will be measured (SD1: standard deviation of instant variability beat to beat; SD2: standard deviation of long-term interval between consecutive heart beats). In general higher values represent a better autonomic response.

    Time frame: Up to 12 weeks

  2. Blood pressure

    Measured using both systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure

    Time frame: Up to 12 weeks

  3. Heart rate

    Measured using an equipment validated for recording heart rate beat to beat

    Time frame: Up to 12 weeks

  4. Respiratory rate

    Measured using the number of respiratory incursions in one minute

    Time frame: Up to 12 weeks

  5. Oxygen Saturation

    Measured using an oximeter

    Time frame: Up to 12 weeks

  6. Perceived exertion

    Measured using Borg Scale. This scale varies from 6 to 20.

    Time frame: Up to 12 weeks

07

Study locations

1 site
  • Laboratório de Fisiologia do Estresse
    Presidente Prudente, São Paulo 19060900, Brazil
08

References and documents

Publications

  • da Cruz MMA, Ricci-Vitor AL, Borges GLB, da Silva PF, Turri-Silva N, Takahashi C, Grace SL, Vanderlei LCM. A Randomized, Controlled, Crossover Trial of Virtual Reality in Maintenance Cardiovascular Rehabilitation in a Low-Resource Setting: Impact on Adherence, Motivation, and Engagement. Phys Ther. 2021 May 4;101(5):pzab071. doi: 10.1093/ptj/pzab071. PubMed 33625515 ↗
  • Alves da Cruz MM, Ricci-Vitor AL, Bonini Borges GL, Fernanda da Silva P, Ribeiro F, Marques Vanderlei LC. Acute Hemodynamic Effects of Virtual Reality-Based Therapy in Patients of Cardiovascular Rehabilitation: A Cluster Randomized Crossover Trial. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2020 Apr;101(4):642-649. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2019.12.006. Epub 2020 Jan 8. PubMed 31926142 ↗

Individual participant data

Plan to share: No — After published results,

09

Timeline

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
ElapsedEstimatedEstimated, not yet reachedSimilar studies: half by the dot; the band is the middle halfHalf of similar studies reached it by the dot; the band is the middle half, from a quarter to three quarters

Ran from Dec 2017 to primary completion in Dec 2018, 11 months.

Of 263 non-industry interventional studies with no phase under Heart Diseases, half reached primary completion within 24 months of starting (the median), counting those still running; a quarter within 10 and three quarters within 51. This study's 11 months is below that.

Counting every sponsor, half of 336 studies reached it within 25 months; a quarter within 10 and three quarters within 52.

How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.

Registered
Nov 6, 2017
First posted
Dec 19, 2017
StartActual
Dec 19, 2017
Primary completionActual
Dec 1, 2018
CompletionActual
Jun 3, 2019
Last update
Aug 5, 2019
What these dates mean
Start.
When the first participant enrolled; while estimated, when the study expects to open to recruitment.
Primary completion.
When the last participant was examined or treated to collect data for the study's main question, its primary outcome. A study that stopped early gives the date its data collection stopped.
Completion.
When the last participant's last visit took place, for every outcome, secondary ones and side effects included: the end of the study. Often later than primary completion, sometimes the same day.
Actual and Est.
Actual means the registry says the date has happened. Est. (estimated) is a date the sponsor plans or expects. It can still move, and the sponsor is expected to change it to actual once it has passed.
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Aug 5, 2019, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT03377582
Lead sponsor
Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho
Responsible party
Ana Laura Ricci-Vitor (PhD, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho) — Principal investigator
First posted
Dec 19, 2017
Start date
Dec 19, 2017
Primary completion
Dec 1, 2018
Completion
Jun 3, 2019
Last update
Aug 5, 2019

Study contacts

Ana Laura Ricci-Vitor, PhD
principal investigator · Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
Yes
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

Not currently enrolling

This study is completed, as verified in Aug 2019. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

Follow this study

Get an email when the registry record changes — status, dates, results — or when someone posts here.

Sign in to follow

Discussion

Questions and observations about this study, from anyone following it. Not medical advice, and not a channel to the study team — their contact details are on the registry record.

Sign in to join the discussion. Reading takes no account; posting does. You choose a display name, and a pseudonym is the default.

Nothing here yet. If you are running this trial, taking part in it, or weighing whether to, this is the place to say so.

Start the discussion