ClinicalTrials.gg
CompletedNCT03313115Updated Apr 25, 2023

Sleep/Wake Protocol Implementation to Improve Sleep Quality in the ICU

An observational study in Sleep Deprivation and Delirium, sponsored by University of Utah. Completed at 1 site in United States. Open to participants aged 18 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2023-04-25.

Sponsored by University of Utah · Observational

Study type
Observational
Model
Cohort
Time perspective
Prospective
Enrollment
685
Ages
18 Years and older
Sex
All
01

Where this study stands

Counted across the records on this site · 2026-11-13

Among 146 studies in Sleep Deprivation with a site in United States — 30 open to participants now, 35 under way, none of them phase 3. Sleep Deprivation · United States.

Enrollment
3rd of 19
685 · median 64
Started
2017
with 8 others
Observational
19 of 146
2 open now
Registered
63rd of 146
by date
Lead sponsor
5 of 146
University of Utah

Among the 146 studies in Sleep Deprivation with a site in United States, this one is the 3rd largest by enrollment of the 19 observational ones that give a count, is one of 9 that started in 2017, is one of 19 observational ones, and was the 63rd registered.

Sleep Deprivation

314 studies on the registry are indexed under Sleep Deprivation; 59 are open to participants now.

Browse Sleep Deprivation studies →

Open to participants now

30 of the 146 studies in Sleep Deprivation with a site in United States are open now. Recruiting first, the newest first:

25 more — sign in →

All 30 open studies →

A study can be open while its sites in United States have not opened yet or have stopped. Only those recruiting at a site in United States →

Who these studies take

Of the 43 Sleep Deprivation studies recruiting now, 11 (26%) set no upper age limit and 28 (65%) stop at 75 or younger; 5 take children under 18; 29 take healthy volunteers.

This study: 18 Years and older · all sexes · no healthy volunteers.

The full table on the hub →

This tab as a report to print or save as PDF → With an account.

Was this useful?
Watch this landscapeDownload CSVNarrow it in search →With an account: a weekly mail of what changed among 146 studies in Sleep Deprivation with a site in United States, or all of them as a file.
02

Study summary

The purpose of this study is to analyze a multi-component sleep/wake protocol for optimization of environmental factors (noise, light, nursing activities) as well as non-environmental factors (pain, mechanical support devices, procedures) to improve quality of sleep and decrease incidence of ICU delirium in the Cardiovascular and Surgical ICU (CVICU/SICU).

Read the detailed description

Fifty-percent of ICU patient sleep hours occur during the day in short bouts which decreases overall sleep quality. Approximately 47-87% of critically ill patients in the ICU experience an episode of delirium, which can result in changes in cognition, longer hospital stay, and physiologic consequences. Research suggests that both patients and staff members can identify environmental factors, such as noise, light, and nursing activities, as well as non-environmental factors such as mechanical devices, procedures, and medications as contributing factors to lack of sleep. However, both nursing staff and providers may underestimate the intensity of the perceived noise in the ICU. This includes those frequent nighttime interruptions, of environmental and non-environmental origins, which can cause fragmented sleep. Providers and nurses are aware of the factors contributing to sleep deprivation, but they may "lower prioritization of patient sleep [as a] tradeoff [for] current standard of care."

Studies have shown that sleep deprivation in critically ill patients can lead to changes in patient cognition, increased hospital and ICU length of stay, and physiologic consequences. These consequences are influenced from patient clinical status as well as modifiable risk factors. One study identified that barriers to the optimization of sleep include patient disease severity, mechanical ventilation, sedation, noise, light, and nurse-patient interaction. It identified a possible association between lack of sleep and cognition with additional consequences of longer mechanical ventilator time, and cardiovascular, pulmonary, and immune system dysfunctions.

Implementation of a protocol directed at optimizing environmental and non-environmental factors has been shown to improve patients' perceived and actual quality of sleep as well as a reduction in ICU delirium.

Another study studied sleep and delirium in a medical ICU after implementation of sleep-promoting interventions. Interventions aimed at reducing light, noise, nursing interruptions, and sedating medications were applied in a three-part process. Patients were surveyed using the Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire and delirium was measured by delirium/coma-free days. Post-interventions resulted in an increase in delirium/coma-free days and an improvement in the amount of perceived noise.

One research group implemented a similar bundle that was aimed at improvement of sleep and delirium in both medical and surgical ICU patients. Their efforts were directed towards reduction in environmental factors as well as avoidance of sedating medications and long mechanical ventilator times. The Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire was used to survey patients on quality of sleep and the Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU was measured daily for incidence of delirium. They found that patients' perceived quality of sleep increased with decreased daytime sleepiness as well as reductions in noise, light, and nursing interventions. Furthermore, they found that implementation of this bundle led to a decrease in length of delirium.

03

Conditions studied

  • Sleep Deprivation
  • Delirium
04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years and older
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No
Sampling method
Non-probability sample

Study population

Study participants will be drawn from those admitted into the Cardiovascular or Surgical Intensive Care Units at the University of Utah University Hospital

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  • Age 18 or older
  • Admitted to the cardiovascular or surgical ICU

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Patient acuity does not allow nighttime activities to be grouped (i.e., patient requires frequent bedside care throughout the night, as evaluated by registered nurse)
05

Study design

Observational model
Cohort
Time perspective
Prospective
Enrollment
685 participants (actual)
Patient registry
No

Groups and cohorts

  • No Sleep/Wake Protocol Implementation

    No implementation of the sleep/wake protocol. A subset of participants in this group will have light and sound levels in the room recorded.

  • Sleep/Wake Protocol Implementation

    The sleep/wake protocol will be implemented. A subset of participants in this group will also have light and sound levels in the room recorded.

    Behavioral: Sleep/Wake Protocol

Interventions

  • BehavioralSleep/Wake Protocol

    Day RN observes if completed per pt: no caffeine after 3 pm, encourage activities to prevent napping (chart % day spent napping), Lights on blinds/door open, Reasonable effort for some noise in room, Eye glasses hearing aids applied, Chair position/mobility at least 2x30 minutes. Night RN observe if completed per pt: Appropriate pain control, Optimize room temp, Warm bath before 2200, TV off by 2200, Prevent extra alarms after 2200, Close room curtain by 2200, Dim room lights by 2200, Family out by 2200, Door half/fully closed after 2200, # RN interruptions after 2200, Offer eye mask/ear plugs, Meds administered for sleep (dilaudid, fentanyl oxycodone, haldol, quetiapine, propofol, melatonin, or other), Dim hallway lights by 2200, Nurses station quiet

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Incidence of ICU delirium

    Participants will be evaluated for delirium using the Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU (CAM-ICU)

    Time frame: Two times daily until ICU discharge (up to 4 months)

07

Study locations

1 site
  • University of Utah
    Salt Lake City, Utah 84132, United States
08

References and documents

Publications

  • Beltrami FG, Nguyen XL, Pichereau C, Maury E, Fleury B, Fagondes S. Sleep in the intensive care unit. J Bras Pneumol. 2015 Nov-Dec;41(6):539-46. doi: 10.1590/S1806-37562015000000056. PubMed 26785964 ↗
  • Bihari S, Doug McEvoy R, Matheson E, Kim S, Woodman RJ, Bersten AD. Factors affecting sleep quality of patients in intensive care unit. J Clin Sleep Med. 2012 Jun 15;8(3):301-7. doi: 10.5664/jcsm.1920. PubMed 22701388 ↗
  • Cavallazzi R, Saad M, Marik PE. Delirium in the ICU: an overview. Ann Intensive Care. 2012 Dec 27;2(1):49. doi: 10.1186/2110-5820-2-49. PubMed 23270646 ↗
  • Giusti GD, Tuteri D, Giontella M. Nursing Interactions With Intensive Care Unit Patients Affected by Sleep Deprivation: An Observational Study. Dimens Crit Care Nurs. 2016 May-Jun;35(3):154-9. doi: 10.1097/DCC.0000000000000177. PubMed 27043401 ↗
  • Hata RK, Han L, Slade J, Miyahira A, Passion C, Ghows M, Izumi K, Yu M. Promoting sleep in the adult surgical intensive care unit patients to prevent delirium. Nurs Clin North Am. 2014 Sep;49(3):383-97. doi: 10.1016/j.cnur.2014.05.012. PubMed 25155537 ↗
  • Hopper K, Fried TR, Pisani MA. Health care worker attitudes and identified barriers to patient sleep in the medical intensive care unit. Heart Lung. 2015 Mar-Apr;44(2):95-9. doi: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2015.01.011. Epub 2015 Feb 14. PubMed 25686516 ↗
  • Kamdar BB, Needham DM, Collop NA. Sleep deprivation in critical illness: its role in physical and psychological recovery. J Intensive Care Med. 2012 Mar-Apr;27(2):97-111. doi: 10.1177/0885066610394322. Epub 2011 Jan 10. PubMed 21220271 ↗
  • Kamdar BB, King LM, Collop NA, Sakamuri S, Colantuoni E, Neufeld KJ, Bienvenu OJ, Rowden AM, Touradji P, Brower RG, Needham DM. The effect of a quality improvement intervention on perceived sleep quality and cognition in a medical ICU. Crit Care Med. 2013 Mar;41(3):800-9. doi: 10.1097/CCM.0b013e3182746442. PubMed 23314584 ↗
  • Patel J, Baldwin J, Bunting P, Laha S. The effect of a multicomponent multidisciplinary bundle of interventions on sleep and delirium in medical and surgical intensive care patients. Anaesthesia. 2014 Jun;69(6):540-9. doi: 10.1111/anae.12638. PubMed 24813132 ↗
  • Pulak LM, Jensen L. Sleep in the Intensive Care Unit: A Review. J Intensive Care Med. 2016 Jan;31(1):14-23. doi: 10.1177/0885066614538749. Epub 2014 Jun 10. PubMed 24916753 ↗
  • Ritmala-Castren M, Virtanen I, Leivo S, Kaukonen KM, Leino-Kilpi H. Sleep and nursing care activities in an intensive care unit. Nurs Health Sci. 2015 Sep;17(3):354-61. doi: 10.1111/nhs.12195. Epub 2015 Mar 18. PubMed 25786544 ↗
  • Weinhouse GL, Schwab RJ. Sleep in the critically ill patient. Sleep. 2006 May;29(5):707-16. doi: 10.1093/sleep/29.5.707. PubMed 16774162 ↗
  • White BL, Zomorodi M. Perceived and actual noise levels in critical care units. Intensive Crit Care Nurs. 2017 Feb;38:18-23. doi: 10.1016/j.iccn.2016.06.004. Epub 2016 Aug 25. PubMed 27567305 ↗
  • Tonna JE, Dalton A, Presson AP, Zhang C, Colantuoni E, Lander K, Howard S, Beynon J, Kamdar BB. The Effect of a Quality Improvement Intervention on Sleep and Delirium in Critically Ill Patients in a Surgical ICU. Chest. 2021 Sep;160(3):899-908. doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2021.03.030. Epub 2021 Mar 24. PubMed 33773988 ↗
09

Timeline

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
ElapsedEstimatedEstimated, not yet reachedSimilar studies: half by the dot; the band is the middle halfHalf of similar studies reached it by the dot; the band is the middle half, from a quarter to three quarters

Ran from Oct 2017 to primary completion in Mar 2018, 5 months.

Of 25 observational studies under Sleep Deprivation, half reached primary completion within 19 months of starting (the median), counting those still running; a quarter within 4 and three quarters within 58. This study's 5 months is below that.

How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.

Registered
Oct 11, 2017
First posted
Oct 18, 2017
StartActual
Oct 11, 2017
Primary completionActual
Mar 14, 2018
CompletionActual
Mar 14, 2018
Last update
Apr 25, 2023
What these dates mean
Start.
When the first participant enrolled; while estimated, when the study expects to open to recruitment.
Primary completion.
When the last participant was examined or treated to collect data for the study's main question, its primary outcome. A study that stopped early gives the date its data collection stopped.
Completion.
When the last participant's last visit took place, for every outcome, secondary ones and side effects included: the end of the study. Often later than primary completion, sometimes the same day.
Actual and Est.
Actual means the registry says the date has happened. Est. (estimated) is a date the sponsor plans or expects. It can still move, and the sponsor is expected to change it to actual once it has passed.
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Apr 25, 2023, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT03313115
Lead sponsor
University of Utah
Responsible party
Sponsor
First posted
Oct 18, 2017
Start date
Oct 11, 2017
Primary completion
Mar 14, 2018
Completion
Mar 14, 2018
Last update
Apr 25, 2023

Study contacts

Joseph Tonna, MD, FAAEM
principal investigator · University of Utah

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

Not currently enrolling

This study is completed, as verified in Feb 2020. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

Follow this study

Get an email when the registry record changes — status, dates, results — or when someone posts here.

Sign in to follow

Discussion

Questions and observations about this study, from anyone following it. Not medical advice, and not a channel to the study team — their contact details are on the registry record.

Sign in to join the discussion. Reading takes no account; posting does. You choose a display name, and a pseudonym is the default.

Nothing here yet. If you are running this trial, taking part in it, or weighing whether to, this is the place to say so.

Start the discussion