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CompletedNCT03305172Updated Oct 4, 2019

Structuring Financial Incentives to Increase Physical Activity

An interventional study of Financial Incentive in Physical Activity and Weight Loss, sponsored by National University of Singapore. Completed at 1 site in Singapore. Open to participants aged 25 Years to 60 Years, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2019-10-04.

Sponsored by National University of Singapore · Not applicable, Interventional, and Other

Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
620
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
25 Years to 60 Years
Sex
All
01

Study summary

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of different structures of long term financial incentives on increasing physical activity performed by subjects, as measured by the number of steps walked per day.

Investigators are interested in studying whether physical activity increases during an intervention period (with incentives) and a post-intervention period (with no incentives).

Read the detailed description

The proposed study is a field experiment. Adults within the ages of 25 and 60 years of age, and with a body mass index of 22 or higher will be eligible to participate.

The study will consist of (1) a two-week baseline period, (2) a 36-week intervention period, and (3) a 12-week follow-up period.

At the beginning of the study, subjects will be given a wearable fitness device and their daily step count will be monitored for two weeks; this is the baseline period. After the two-week baseline period, the subjects will be randomly assigned to one of the five different conditions (Control, Gain, Loss, Gain Streak, or Loss Streak) and will be given the goal to increase their baseline step counts by 2,500 steps.

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HYPOTHESES -- Investigators expect the following:

  1. Loss Aversion: Subjects in the Loss treatment will achieve the goal on a greater number of days than subjects in the Gain treatment.
  2. Streak: Subjects in the Gain treatment will achieve the goal on a greater number of days than subjects in the Gain Streak treatment.
  3. Loss Streak: Subjects in the Loss treatment will achieve the goal on a greater number of days than subjects in the Loss Streak treatment. Whether subjects in the Loss Streak treatment will perform better or worse than subjects in the other two treatments will be investigated.

CONTRIBUTION -- Prior research has not examined the effect of a long term financial incentive (36 weeks) on individual behavior in achieving a goal. In this study, the investigators also examine two additional financial incentive structures: Gain Streak and Loss Streak. If the hypotheses are correct, the results have important implications for designing financial incentives to encourage good behavior and to encourage good habit formation across domains.

02

Conditions studied

  • Physical Activity
  • Weight Loss

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03

Who can participate

Ages eligible
25 Years to 60 Years
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
Yes

Inclusion criteria

  • Singapore citizens and permanent residents
  • Adults with BMI greater than 22
  • Ownership of a smartphone or tablet
  • Only one member per household can participate in the study

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Women who are pregnant or breast feeding, or who intend to become pregnant over next year
  • Subjects who are already participating in another physical activity program or study
  • Subjects who are unable to participate for a total of 1 year
  • Subjects who are unwilling to wear the fitness device
  • Subjects who already walk more than 10,000 steps a day (self-reported per-day-average over seven days)
  • Subjects who have any of the following health conditions:

    • high blood pressure
    • high cholesterol
    • heart attack
    • heart failure
    • stroke
    • chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • kidney disease
    • diabetes (type 2)
04

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Other
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
Double (Investigator, Outcomes assessor)
Enrollment
620 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • No intervention
    Control

    Subjects in the Control treatment are not given any financial incentive to achieve the goal.

  • Experimental
    Gain Treatment

    Financial Incentive: Each subject in the Gain treatment will earn a certain amount of money for each day the goal is achieved. The money earned will be added to a virtual account that the subject has, and will be paid to the subject at the end of the intervention period.

    Behavioral: Financial Incentive

  • Experimental
    Loss Treatment

    Financial Incentive: Each subject in the Loss treatment will be given a certain amount of money in his/her virtual account at the beginning of every week. For each day that the subject does not achieve the goal, a small portion of that money will be deducted from the virtual account. The balance that is left in the virtual account will be paid to the subject at the end of the intervention period.

    Behavioral: Financial Incentive

  • Experimental
    Gain Streak Treatment

    Financial Incentive: Each subject in the Gain Streak treatment get an increasing amount of money added to his/her virtual account for every continuous day that they achieve the goal. The maximum cumulative amount per week is same as in the other treatment conditions. The payment is reset at the beginning of each week, or if the subject misses the goal on any day. The money in the virtual account will be paid to the subject at the end of the intervention period.

    Behavioral: Financial Incentive

  • Experimental
    Loss Streak Treatment

    Financial Incentive: Each subject in the Loss Streak treatment will be given a certain amount of money in his/her virtual account at the beginning of every week. An increasing amount of money will be deducted for each consecutive day the subject does not achieve the goal. The payment is reset at the beginning of each week, or when the subject achieves the goal (i.e., deductions are reset when the streak is broken). The balance that is left in the virtual account will be paid to the subject at the end of the intervention period.

    Behavioral: Financial Incentive

Interventions

  • BehavioralFinancial Incentive

    Giving different structures of long term (36 weeks) financial incentives to increase physical activity

05

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Step count goal -- Intervention

    Proportion of participant-days on which the goal (baseline +2,500 steps) was achieved during the intervention period.

    Time frame: 36-week intervention period following the baseline period.

  2. Change in mean daily steps -- Intervention

    Change in mean daily steps during the intervention period.

    Time frame: 36-week intervention period following the baseline period.

Secondary outcomes

  1. Step count goal -- Post-intervention

    Proportion of participant-days on which the goal (baseline +2,500 steps) was achieved during the post-intervention period.

    Time frame: 12-week post-intervention period.

  2. Change in mean daily steps -- Post-intervention

    Change in mean daily steps during the post-intervention period.

    Time frame: 12-week post-intervention period.

  3. Sleep Pattern -- Intervention

    Changes in sleep pattern (deep sleep, hours of continuous sleep) during the intervention period.

    Time frame: 36-week intervention period following the baseline period.

  4. Sleep Pattern -- Post-intervention

    Changes in sleep pattern (deep sleep, hours of continuous sleep) during the post-intervention period.

    Time frame: 12-week post-intervention period.

  5. Weight (in kilograms) Loss -- Intervention

    Drop in weight from baseline to the end of the intervention period.

    Time frame: 36-week intervention period following the baseline period.

  6. Weight (in kilograms) Loss -- Post-intervention

    Drop in weight from baseline to the end of the post-intervention period.

    Time frame: 48-week period following the baseline period.

  7. Change in Waist Measurement (in inches) -- Intervention

    Change in waist measurements from baseline to the end of the intervention period.

    Time frame: 36-week intervention period following the baseline period

  8. Change in Waist Measurement (in inches) -- Post-intervention

    Change in waist measurements from baseline to the end of the post-intervention period.

    Time frame: 48-week period following the baseline period.

06

Study locations

1 site
  • National University of Singapore
    Singapore, 119077, Singapore
07

References and documents

Individual participant data

Plan to share: Yes — Investigators will not be storing or sharing any personal identifiers. All individual level data will be anonymized, and only anonymized data will be shared with other researchers, upon request.

Supporting information: Study protocol, Icf, Analytic code

No publications or documents are linked to this record.

08

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT03305172
Lead sponsor
National University of Singapore
Collaborators
University of Pennsylvania
Responsible party
Prof Ho Teck Hua (Professor, National University of Singapore) — Principal investigator
First posted
Oct 9, 2017
Start date
Oct 9, 2017
Primary completion
Jan 17, 2019
Completion
Jan 30, 2019
Last update
Oct 4, 2019

Study contacts

Teck H Ho, PhD
principal investigator · National University of Singapore

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
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