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CompletedNCT03293394tDCS_MNDUpdated Mar 3, 2020Results posted

Rehabilitative Trial With tDCS in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

An interventional study of Anodal bilateral motor cortex and cathodal spinal tDCS and Sham bilateral motor cortex and sham spinal tDCS in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, sponsored by Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale degli Spedali Civili di Brescia. Completed at 1 site in Italy. Open to participants aged 18 Years to 85 Years. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2020-03-03.

Sponsored by Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale degli Spedali Civili di Brescia · Not applicable, Interventional, and Treatment

Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
30
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
18 Years to 85 Years
Sex
All
01

Study summary

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a motor neuron disease, which is a group of neurological disorders that selectively affect motor neurons, the cells that control voluntary muscles of the body. The disorder causes muscle weakness and atrophy throughout the body due to the degeneration of the upper and lower motor neurons. Current drugs approved for ALS treatment only modestly slow disease progression.

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive technique, which has been demonstrated to modulate cerebral excitability in several neurodegenerative disorders and modulate intracortical connectivity measures.

In this randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled study, the investigators will evaluate whether a two-weeks' treatment with bilateral motor cortex anodal tDCS and spinal cathodal tDCS can improve symptoms in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and modulate intracortical connectivity, at short and long term.

Read the detailed description

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a motor neuron disease, which is a group of neurological disorders that selectively affect motor neurons, the cells that control voluntary muscles of the body. The disorder causes muscle weakness and atrophy throughout the body due to the degeneration of the upper and lower motor neurons. Current drugs approved for ALS treatment only modestly slow disease progression.

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive technique, which has been demonstrated to modulate cerebral excitability in several neurodegenerative disorders and modulate intracortical connectivity measures.

In this randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled study, the investigators will evaluate whether a two-weeks' treatment with bilateral motor cortex anodal tDCS and spinal cathodal tDCS can improve symptoms in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and modulate intracortical connectivity, at short and long term.

Subjects will be randomized in two groups, one receiving a 10 day (5 days/week for 2 weeks) treatment with anodal bilateral motor cortex tDCS and cathodal spinal tDCS and the other receiving sham stimulation with identical parameters. After the intervention, patients will be reassessed with a clinical and neurophysiological evaluation at 2 weeks, 2 months and 6 months after treatment. Furthermore, blood neurofilaments will be measured at each time point.

Clinical evaluation will include the ALSFRS-R, ALSAQ-40, CBI, EQ-5D-5L, muscle strength evaluated with the MRC scale.

Neurophysiological evaluation will include measures of intracortical connectivity, evaluated with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) as short interval intracortical inhibition (SICI-ICF), long interval intracortical inhibition (LICI), short interval intracortical facilitation (SICF).

02

Conditions studied

  • Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Keywords

  • Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
  • Motor Neuron Disease
  • Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation
03

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years to 85 Years
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Inclusion criteria

  • Patients with a diagnosis of probable, laboratory-supported probable, or definite amyotrophic lateral sclerosis according to the El Escorial revised criteria
  • Disease duration ≤ 24 months
  • Disease progression in the past 3 months
  • Score ≥ 2 at the item "swallowing" of the ALS Functional Rating Scale Revised
  • Score ≥ 2 at the item "walking" of the ALS Functional Rating Scale Revised
  • Treatment with steady regimen of riluzole for a minimum of 1 month before study entry, and desiring its continuation
  • Able to give informed consent
  • Written informed consent

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Motor neuron diseases other than ALS
  • Severe head trauma in the past
  • History of seizures
  • History of ischemic stroke or hemorrhage
  • Pacemaker
  • Metal implants in the head/neck region
  • Severe comorbidity
  • Intake of illegal drugs
  • Pregnancy
04

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
Triple (Participant, Care provider, Investigator)
Enrollment
30 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    Real tDCS

    10 days anodal bilateral motor cortex and cathodal spinal tDCS

    Device: Anodal bilateral motor cortex and cathodal spinal tDCS

  • Placebo comparator
    Sham tDCS

    10 days sham bilateral motor cortex and sham spinal tDCS

    Device: Sham bilateral motor cortex and sham spinal tDCS

Interventions

  • DeviceAnodal bilateral motor cortex and cathodal spinal tDCS

    10 sessions of anodal bilateral motor cortex and cathodal spinal transcranial direct current stimulation (5 days/week for 2 weeks)

  • DeviceSham bilateral motor cortex and sham spinal tDCS

    10 sessions of sham bilateral motor cortex and sham spinal transcranial direct current stimulation (5 days/week for 2 weeks)

05

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Change in Muscle Strength From Baseline

    A megascore is obtained by summing scores of single muscles (shoulder abductors, elbow flexors and extensors, wrist flexors, thumb opponent, hip flexors, knee flexors and extensors, and ankle dorsiflexors and extensors on both sides) manually evaluated according to the Medical Research Council (MRC) scale, which ranges from 0 (no movement) to 5 (normal contraction). The score for each muscle is summed, with scores ranging from 100 (no impairment) to 0 (most severe impairment).

    Time frame: Baseline - 2 weeks - 2 months - 6 months

Secondary outcomes

  1. Change in Short-interval Intracortical Inhibition (SICI) From Baseline

    By using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), the investigators will evaluate the effects of tDCS on short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) from baseline

    Time frame: Baseline - 2 weeks - 2 months - 6 months

  2. Change in the ALSFRS-R Score From Baseline

    Change in the ALS Functional Rating Scale (ALSFRS-R) score from baseline. The ALSFRS provides a physician-generated estimate of the patient's degree of functional impairment, which can be evaluated serially to objectively assess any response to treatment or progression of disease. The ALSFRS includes ten questions that rate the patients level of functional impairment in performing one of ten common tasks. Each task is rated on a five-point scale from 0 (can't do) to 4 (normal ability). Individual item scores are summed to produce a reported score of between 40 (no impairment) and 0 (severe impairment).

    Time frame: Baseline - 2 weeks - 2 months - 6 months

  3. Change of Quality of Life From Baseline: ALSAQ-40 Scale

    Change of quality of life from baseline evaluated with the ALSAQ-40 scale. The Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Assessment Questionnaire (ALSAQ) is a patient self-report health status scale. The ALSAQ is specifically used to measure the subjective well-being of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. There are 40 items/questions with 5 discrete scales: physical mobility (10 items), activities of daily living and independence (10 items), eating and drinking (3 items), communication (7 items), emotional reactions (10 items). Patients are asked to think about the difficulties they may have experienced during the last two weeks (e.g. I have found it difficult to feed myself). Patients are asked to indicate the frequency of each event by selecting one of 5 options (Likert scale): never/rarely/sometimes/often/always or cannot do at all. The total ranges from 0 (no impairment) to 160 (severe impairment).

    Time frame: Baseline - 2 weeks - 2 months - 6 months

  4. Change of Quality of Life From Baseline: EQ-5D-5L Scale

    Change of quality of life from baseline evaluated with the EQ-5D-5L scale. The descriptive system comprises five dimensions: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression. Each dimension has 5 levels: no problems, slight problems, moderate problems, severe problems and extreme problems. The patient is asked to indicate his/her health state by ticking the box next to the most appropriate statement in each of the five dimensions. The scale ranges from 5 (no impairment) to 25 (severe impairment).

    Time frame: Baseline - 2 weeks - 2 months - 6 months

  5. Change of Quality of Life From Baseline: EQ-VAS Scale

    Change of quality of life from baseline evaluated with the EQ-VAS scale. The EQ VAS records the patient's self-rated health on a vertical visual analogue scale, where the endpoints are labelled 'The best health you can imagine' and 'The worst health you can imagine'. The VAS can be used as a quantitative measure of health outcome that reflect the patient's own judgement. The scale ranges from 0 (severe impairment) to 100 (no impairment).

    Time frame: Baseline - 2 weeks - 2 months - 6 months

  6. Change in Caregiver Burden (CBI)

    Change of quality of life from baseline evaluated with the CBI scale. The CBI scale is 24- item scale designed to assess the experience of caregivers of older people. The multidimensional instrument assesses five domains of burden (time-dependence, developmental, physical, social, and emotional). Items are scored on a 4-point scale, ranging from "not at all descriptive" to "very descriptive". The scale ranges from 0 (no impairment) to 96 (severe impairment).

    Time frame: Baseline - 2 weeks - 2 months - 6 months

  7. Change Intracortical Facilitation (ICF) From Baseline

    By using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), the investigators will evaluate the effects of tDCS on intracortical facilitation (ICF) from baseline

    Time frame: Baseline - 2 weeks - 2 month - 6 months

06

Results

Posted Nov 22, 2019

Participant flow

First Intervention (2 Weeks)
Participant flow — First Intervention (2 Weeks)
MilestoneReal tDCSSham tDCS
Started2010
Completed2010
Not completed00
Follow-up (6 Months)
Participant flow — Follow-up (6 Months)
MilestoneReal tDCSSham tDCS
Started2010
Completed168
Not completed42
Withdrew: Adverse event42

Outcome measures

PrimaryChange in Muscle Strength From Baseline

A megascore is obtained by summing scores of single muscles (shoulder abductors, elbow flexors and extensors, wrist flexors, thumb opponent, hip flexors, knee flexors and extensors, and ankle dorsiflexors and extensors on both sides) manually evaluated according to the Medical Research Council (MRC) scale, which ranges from 0 (no movement) to 5 (normal contraction). The score for each muscle is summed, with scores ranging from 100 (no impairment) to 0 (most severe impairment).

Time frame:
Baseline - 2 weeks - 2 months - 6 months
Reported as:
Mean · units on a scale
Change in Muscle Strength From Baseline
units on a scaleReal tDCSSham tDCS
Baseline74.7 ± 0.074.7 ± 0.0
2 Weeks76.4 ± 0.274.5 ± 0.3
2 Months76.4 ± 0.472.9 ± 0.6
6 Months75.9 ± 0.672.0 ± 0.9
Statistical analysis
  • Real tDCS vs Sham tDCS · ANCOVA · p = =0.001
SecondaryChange in Short-interval Intracortical Inhibition (SICI) From Baseline

By using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), the investigators will evaluate the effects of tDCS on short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) from baseline

Time frame:
Baseline - 2 weeks - 2 months - 6 months
Reported as:
Mean · millivolts
Change in Short-interval Intracortical Inhibition (SICI) From Baseline
millivoltsReal tDCSSham tDCS
Baseline1.0 ± 0.11.0 ± 0.1
2 weeks0.4 ± 0.11.0 ± 0.1
2 Months0.5 ± 0.10.9 ± 0.1
6 Months0.6 ± 0.11.0 ± 0.1
Statistical analysis
  • Real tDCS vs Sham tDCS · ANOVA · p = 0.011
SecondaryChange in the ALSFRS-R Score From Baseline

Change in the ALS Functional Rating Scale (ALSFRS-R) score from baseline. The ALSFRS provides a physician-generated estimate of the patient's degree of functional impairment, which can be evaluated serially to objectively assess any response to treatment or progression of disease. The ALSFRS includes ten questions that rate the patients level of functional impairment in performing one of ten common tasks. Each task is rated on a five-point scale from 0 (can't do) to 4 (normal ability). Individual item scores are summed to produce a reported score of between 40 (no impairment) and 0 (severe impairment).

Time frame:
Baseline - 2 weeks - 2 months - 6 months
Reported as:
Mean · units on a scale
Change in the ALSFRS-R Score From Baseline
units on a scaleReal tDCSSham tDCS
Baselin31.5 ± 0.031.5 ± 0.0
2 Weeks32.5 ± 0.231.8 ± 0.3
2 Months32.0 ± 0.430.4 ± 0.5
6 Months30.4 ± 0.529.7 ± 0.7
Statistical analysis
  • Real tDCS vs Sham tDCS · ANCOVA · p = 0.190
SecondaryChange of Quality of Life From Baseline: ALSAQ-40 Scale

Change of quality of life from baseline evaluated with the ALSAQ-40 scale. The Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Assessment Questionnaire (ALSAQ) is a patient self-report health status scale. The ALSAQ is specifically used to measure the subjective well-being of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. There are 40 items/questions with 5 discrete scales: physical mobility (10 items), activities of daily living and independence (10 items), eating and drinking (3 items), communication (7 items), emotional reactions (10 items). Patients are asked to think about the difficulties they may have experienced during the last two weeks (e.g. I have found it difficult to feed myself). Patients are asked to indicate the frequency of each event by selecting one of 5 options (Likert scale): never/rarely/sometimes/often/always or cannot do at all. The total ranges from 0 (no impairment) to 160 (severe impairment).

Time frame:
Baseline - 2 weeks - 2 months - 6 months
Reported as:
Mean · units on a scale
Change of Quality of Life From Baseline: ALSAQ-40 Scale
units on a scaleReal tDCSSham tDCS
Baseline45.0 ± 0.045.0 ± 0.0
2 Weeks40.1 ± 2.038.3 ± 2.8
2 Months38.8 ± 1.841.0 ± 2.5
6 Months41.9 ± 2.242.4 ± 3.1
Statistical analysis
  • Real tDCS vs Sham tDCS · ANCOVA · p = 0.652
SecondaryChange of Quality of Life From Baseline: EQ-5D-5L Scale

Change of quality of life from baseline evaluated with the EQ-5D-5L scale. The descriptive system comprises five dimensions: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression. Each dimension has 5 levels: no problems, slight problems, moderate problems, severe problems and extreme problems. The patient is asked to indicate his/her health state by ticking the box next to the most appropriate statement in each of the five dimensions. The scale ranges from 5 (no impairment) to 25 (severe impairment).

Time frame:
Baseline - 2 weeks - 2 months - 6 months
Reported as:
Mean · units on a scale
Change of Quality of Life From Baseline: EQ-5D-5L Scale
units on a scaleReal tDCSSham tDCS
Baseline13.0 ± 0.013.0 ± 0.0
2 Weeks12.2 ± 0.513.6 ± 0.8
2 Months12.6 ± 0.514.2 ± 0.7
6 Months13.3 ± 0.614.3 ± 0.9
Statistical analysis
  • Real tDCS vs Sham tDCS · ANCOVA · p = 0.190
SecondaryChange of Quality of Life From Baseline: EQ-VAS Scale

Change of quality of life from baseline evaluated with the EQ-VAS scale. The EQ VAS records the patient's self-rated health on a vertical visual analogue scale, where the endpoints are labelled 'The best health you can imagine' and 'The worst health you can imagine'. The VAS can be used as a quantitative measure of health outcome that reflect the patient's own judgement. The scale ranges from 0 (severe impairment) to 100 (no impairment).

Time frame:
Baseline - 2 weeks - 2 months - 6 months
Reported as:
Mean · units on a scale
Change of Quality of Life From Baseline: EQ-VAS Scale
units on a scaleReal tDCSSham tDCS
Baseline51.6 ± 0.051.6 ± 0.0
2 Weeks56.3 ± 2.046.1 ± 2.8
2 Months53.2 ± 2.242.7 ± 3.1
6 Months54.7 ± 2.940.2 ± 4.0
Statistical analysis
  • Real tDCS vs Sham tDCS · ANCOVA · p = 0.011
SecondaryChange in Caregiver Burden (CBI)

Change of quality of life from baseline evaluated with the CBI scale. The CBI scale is 24- item scale designed to assess the experience of caregivers of older people. The multidimensional instrument assesses five domains of burden (time-dependence, developmental, physical, social, and emotional). Items are scored on a 4-point scale, ranging from "not at all descriptive" to "very descriptive". The scale ranges from 0 (no impairment) to 96 (severe impairment).

Time frame:
Baseline - 2 weeks - 2 months - 6 months
Reported as:
Mean · units on a scale
Change in Caregiver Burden (CBI)
units on a scaleReal tDCSSham tDCS
Baseline26.7 ± 0.026.7 ± 0.0
2 Weeks21.6 ± 1.130.0 ± 1.5
2 Months24.0 ± 1.430.4 ± 1.9
6 Months24.8 ± 1.330.7 ± 1.9
Statistical analysis
  • Real tDCS vs Sham tDCS · ANCOVA · p = 0.003
SecondaryChange Intracortical Facilitation (ICF) From Baseline

By using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), the investigators will evaluate the effects of tDCS on intracortical facilitation (ICF) from baseline

Time frame:
Baseline - 2 weeks - 2 month - 6 months
Reported as:
Mean · millivolts
Change Intracortical Facilitation (ICF) From Baseline
millivoltsReal tDCSSham tDCS
Baselin1.8 ± 0.11.7 ± 0.1
2 Weeks1.3 ± 0.01.7 ± 0.1
2 Months1.4 ± 0.11.7 ± 0.1
6 Months1.6 ± 0.01.6 ± 0.1
Statistical analysis
  • Real tDCS vs Sham tDCS · ANOVA · p = 0.001

Adverse events

Collected over 6 Months follow-up. Non-serious events are listed at a 0% frequency threshold.

Adverse event summary by group
GroupDeathsSeriousOther
Real tDCS0/20 (0%)4/20 (20%)0/20 (0%)
Sham tDCS0/10 (0%)2/10 (20%)0/10 (0%)
Most frequent serious events
Most frequent serious events
EventReal tDCSSham tDCS
PneumoniaRespiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders1/202/10
Respiratory FailureRespiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders2/200/10
Worsening of Global Clinical ConditionsMusculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders1/200/10

Baseline characteristics

Baseline analysis are reported for 30 participants who completed the first intervention.

Age, Continuous
Age, Continuous(years)Real tDCSSham tDCSTotal
Mean60.5 ± 10.963.9 ± 11.361.7 ± 2.0
Sex: Female, Male
Sex: Female, Male(Participants)Real tDCSSham tDCSTotal
Female729
Male13821
Race (NIH/OMB)
Race (NIH/OMB)(Participants)Real tDCSSham tDCSTotal
American Indian or Alaska Native000
Asian000
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander000
Black or African American000
White201030
More than one race000
Unknown or Not Reported000
Region of Enrollment
Region of Enrollment(participants)Real tDCSSham tDCSTotal
Italy201030
Disease Duration
Disease Duration(years)Real tDCSSham tDCSTotal
Mean2.1 ± 1.41.8 ± 1.02.0 ± 0.2
07

Study locations

1 site
  • AO Spedali Civili
    Brescia, BS 25100, Italy
08

References and documents

Publications

  • Quartarone A, Lang N, Rizzo V, Bagnato S, Morgante F, Sant'angelo A, Crupi D, Battaglia F, Messina C, Girlanda P. Motor cortex abnormalities in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with transcranial direct-current stimulation. Muscle Nerve. 2007 May;35(5):620-4. doi: 10.1002/mus.20737. PubMed 17221883 ↗
  • Lefaucheur JP, Antal A, Ayache SS, Benninger DH, Brunelin J, Cogiamanian F, Cotelli M, De Ridder D, Ferrucci R, Langguth B, Marangolo P, Mylius V, Nitsche MA, Padberg F, Palm U, Poulet E, Priori A, Rossi S, Schecklmann M, Vanneste S, Ziemann U, Garcia-Larrea L, Paulus W. Evidence-based guidelines on the therapeutic use of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). Clin Neurophysiol. 2017 Jan;128(1):56-92. doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2016.10.087. Epub 2016 Oct 29. PubMed 27866120 ↗
  • Menon P, Geevasinga N, Yiannikas C, Howells J, Kiernan MC, Vucic S. Sensitivity and specificity of threshold tracking transcranial magnetic stimulation for diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a prospective study. Lancet Neurol. 2015 May;14(5):478-84. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(15)00014-9. Epub 2015 Apr 3. Erratum In: Lancet Neurol. 2015 Jun;14(6):566. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(15)00074-5. PubMed 25843898 ↗
  • Burrell JR, Kiernan MC, Vucic S, Hodges JR. Motor neuron dysfunction in frontotemporal dementia. Brain. 2011 Sep;134(Pt 9):2582-94. doi: 10.1093/brain/awr195. Epub 2011 Aug 11. PubMed 21840887 ↗

Study documents

  • Protocol and statistical analysis plan · May 5, 2017

Documents are hosted by the registry — open the source record to download them.

Individual participant data

Plan to share: No

09

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT03293394
Lead sponsor
Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale degli Spedali Civili di Brescia
Responsible party
Barbara Borroni (Professor, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale degli Spedali Civili di Brescia) — Principal investigator
First posted
Sep 26, 2017
Start date
Oct 2, 2017
Primary completion
Jun 20, 2018
Completion
Jul 1, 2018
Results posted
Nov 22, 2019
Last update
Mar 3, 2020

Study contacts

Barbara Borroni, MD
principal investigator · Azienda Ospedaliera Spedali Civili, Brescia
Alberto Benussi, MD
principal investigator · Università degli Studi di Brescia

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
Yes
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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