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TerminatedNCT03287804APRILUpdated Oct 23, 2020Results posted

APRIL CAR T Cells (AUTO2) Targeting BCMA and TACI for the Treatment of Multiple Myeloma

A Phase 1/2 interventional study of AUTO2 in Multiple Myeloma, sponsored by Autolus Limited. Terminated at 4 sites in 2 countries. Open to participants aged 18 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2020-10-23.

Sponsored by Autolus Limited · Phase 1/2, Interventional, and Treatment

Why this study was terminated
Preliminary efficacy seen to date following treatment with AUTO2 has been determined not sufficient to warrant further development
Phase
Phase 1/2
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
12
Allocation
Not applicable
Ages
18 Years and older
Sex
All
01

Study summary

The purpose of this study is to test the safety and efficacy of AUTO2, a CAR T Cell Treatment Targeting BCMA and TACI, in Patients with Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma.

Read the detailed description

The study will consist of 2 phases, a Phase I/dose escalation phase and a Phase II/expansion phase. Patients with relapsed and relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma will be enrolled in both phases of the study. Eligible patients will undergo leukapheresis in order to harvest T cells, which is the starting material for the manufacture of the autologous CAR T product AUTO2. AUTO2 has a dual target BCMA (B cell maturation antigen) and TACI (Transmembrane activator and calcium modulator and cyclophilin ligand interactor). Following pre-conditioning by a chemotherapeutic regimen, the patient will receive AUTO2 intravenously as a single or split dose and will then enter a 12-month follow-up period.

02

Conditions studied

  • Multiple Myeloma

Keywords

  • Multiple Myeloma
  • Relapsed Multiple Myeloma
  • Refractory Multiple Myeloma
  • AUTO2
03

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years and older
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Eligibility criteria

Key Inclusion Criteria:

  1. Male or female patients, aged ≥ 18.
  2. Willing and able to give written, informed consent.
  3. Confirmed diagnosis of MM.
  4. Measurable disease as defined by IMWG.
  5. Relapse or refractory disease and have had at least 3 different prior lines of therapy including proteasome inhibitor, alkylator and immunomodulatory therapy (IMiD), or have "double refractory" disease to a proteasome inhibitor and IMiD.
  6. For females of childbearing potential, a negative serum or urine pregnancy test must be documented at screening and confirmed before receiving study treatment.
  7. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) Performance Status 0 to 1.
  8. Peripheral blood total lymphocyte count > 0.5 x 10⁹/L.

Key Exclusion Criteria:

  1. Women who are pregnant or lactating.
  2. Prior treatment with investigational or approved gene therapy or cell therapy products.
  3. Patient has previously received an allogenic stem cell transplant.
  4. Clinically significant, uncontrolled heart disease or a recent (within 6 months) cardiac event.
  5. Left Ventricular Ejection fraction \< 50 unless the institutional lower limit of normal is lower.
  6. Significant liver disease: alanine aminotransferase (ALT) or aspartate aminotransferase (AST) ≥ 3 × ULN, or total bilirubin > 2.0 mg/dL or evidence of end stage liver disease (e.g. ascites, hepatic encephalopathy).
  7. Chronic renal impairment requiring dialysis, or calculated creatinine clearance \< 30 mL/min
  8. Active infectious bacterial or viral disease (hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, human immunodeficiency virus, human T-lymphotropic virus or syphilis) requiring treatmenUse of rituximab within the last 3 months.
  9. Active autoimmune disease requiring immunosuppression.
  10. Received any anti-myeloma therapy within the last 21 days prior to preconditioning or 10 days prior to leukapheresis; steroids of up to 160 mg of dexamethasone are permitted so long as > 7 days post-dose prior to pre-conditioning or leukapheresis.
  11. Known allergy to albumin, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), cyclophosphamide or fludarabine.
04

Study design

Phase
Phase 1 / Phase 2
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Not applicable
Intervention model
Single group
Masking
None (open label)
Enrollment
12 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    AUTO2

    Relapsed or refractory Myeloma patients

    Biological: AUTO2

Interventions

  • BiologicalAUTO2

    AUTO2 (APRIL CAR T Cells) Following preconditioning with chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide and fludarabine) patients will be treated with doses from 15 x 10⁶ to 350 x 10⁶ APRIL CAR T Cells. Following Phase 2 dose determination patients will be treated with selected dose of APRIL CAR T Cells

05

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Phase I - Number of Subjects With Grade 3 to 5 Toxicity During the Dose Limiting Toxicity (DLT) Period

    Time frame: Up to 28 days post-infusion

  2. Phase I - Number of Subjects With a Dose Limiting Toxicity (DLT)

    Dose limiting toxicity was defined as: Any new non-hematological AE of Grade 3 or higher toxicity using the NCI CTCAE (Version 4.03), which is probably or definitely related to AUTO2 therapy, which occurs within the DLT evaluation period, and which fails to resolve to Grade 2 or better within 14 days, despite appropriate supportive measures; A Grade 4 CRS; Any other reason for activation of the safety switch after receiving AUTO2; Any other fatal event (Grade 5) or life-threatening event (Grade 4) that cannot be managed with conventional supportive measures or which in the opinion of the SEC necessitates dose reduction or other modification to trial treatment to avoid a similar hazard in future patients. Effort should be made to perform an autopsy in case of fatal event where the aetiology is unclear; Any event that in the opinion of treating investigators and/or Medical Monitor puts the patient at undue risk may also be considered a DLT.

    Time frame: Up to 28 days post-infusion

  3. Number of Infused Patients With Best Overall Response

    Best overall response was defined as stringent complete response + complete response + very good partial response + partial response following treatment with AUTO2. Response Criteria Per IMWG Consensus Recommendations

    Time frame: Up to 2 years

Secondary outcomes

  1. Proportion of Patients for Whom an AUTO2 Product Can be Generated

    Feasibility of product generation was examined by assessing the number of AUTO2 successfully manufactured as a fraction of the number of patients undergoing leukapheresis (all patients registered).

    Time frame: Up to 2 years

  2. Clinical Benefit Rate

    Number of subjects exhibiting stringent complete response, complete response, very good partial response, partial response or minor response following treatment with AUTO2

    Time frame: Up to 2 years

  3. Duration of Response

    Calculated from the date of first observation of sCR, CR, VGPR or PR to the date of disease progression, relapse or death, for patients who were considered responders (achieved at least PR). Patients who had not progressed, relapsed or died will be censored at the last adequate disease assessment.

    Time frame: Up to 2 years

  4. Time to Disease Progression

    Calculated from the date of AUTO2 treatment to the date of progression. Patients who had not progressed, relapsed or died without progression/relapse will be censored at the last adequate disease assessment.

    Time frame: Up to 2 years

  5. Progression-free Survival

    Calculated from the date of AUTO2 treatment to the date of progression or death. Patients who have not progressed or relapsed was censored at the last adequate disease assessment

    Time frame: Up to 2 years

  6. Overall Survival

    Descriptive analysis based on number of patients alive at database lock (1-May-2020).

    Time frame: Up to 2 years

  7. Number of Patients With Expansion Followed by Persistence of RQR8/APRIL CAR Positive T Cells in the Peripheral Blood

    Expansion and persistence of RQR8/APRIL CAR positive T cells as determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and/or flow cytometry.

    Time frame: Up to 2 years

06

Results

Posted Oct 23, 2020
Limitations and caveats
Early termination leading to small numbers of patients analyzed

Participant flow

Following preconditioning with chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide and fludarabine) patients were treated with doses from 15 x 10⁶ to 350 x 10⁶ APRIL CAR T Cells.

Participant flow — Overall Study
MilestoneAUTO2
Started12
Leukaperesed12
Started pre-conditioning therapy11
Received study treatment11
Completed1
Not completed11
Withdrew: Death1
Withdrew: Physician decision2
Withdrew: Progressive disease8

Outcome measures

PrimaryPhase I - Number of Subjects With Grade 3 to 5 Toxicity During the Dose Limiting Toxicity (DLT) Period
Time frame:
Up to 28 days post-infusion
Reported as:
Count of participants · Participants
Phase I - Number of Subjects With Grade 3 to 5 Toxicity During the Dose Limiting Toxicity (DLT) Period
ParticipantsAUTO2
Phase I - Number of Subjects With Grade 3 to 5 Toxicity During the Dose Limiting Toxicity (DLT) Period0
PrimaryPhase I - Number of Subjects With a Dose Limiting Toxicity (DLT)

Dose limiting toxicity was defined as: Any new non-hematological AE of Grade 3 or higher toxicity using the NCI CTCAE (Version 4.03), which is probably or definitely related to AUTO2 therapy, which occurs within the DLT evaluation period, and which fails to resolve to Grade 2 or better within 14 days, despite appropriate supportive measures; A Grade 4 CRS; Any other reason for activation of the safety switch after receiving AUTO2; Any other fatal event (Grade 5) or life-threatening event (Grade 4) that cannot be managed with conventional supportive measures or which in the opinion of the SEC necessitates dose reduction or other modification to trial treatment to avoid a similar hazard in future patients. Effort should be made to perform an autopsy in case of fatal event where the aetiology is unclear; Any event that in the opinion of treating investigators and/or Medical Monitor puts the patient at undue risk may also be considered a DLT.

Time frame:
Up to 28 days post-infusion
Reported as:
Count of participants · Participants
Phase I - Number of Subjects With a Dose Limiting Toxicity (DLT)
ParticipantsAUTO2
Phase I - Number of Subjects With a Dose Limiting Toxicity (DLT)0
PrimaryNumber of Infused Patients With Best Overall Response

Best overall response was defined as stringent complete response + complete response + very good partial response + partial response following treatment with AUTO2. Response Criteria Per IMWG Consensus Recommendations

Time frame:
Up to 2 years
Reported as:
Count of participants · Participants
Number of Infused Patients With Best Overall Response
ParticipantsAUTO2
Number of Infused Patients With Best Overall Response4
SecondaryProportion of Patients for Whom an AUTO2 Product Can be Generated

Feasibility of product generation was examined by assessing the number of AUTO2 successfully manufactured as a fraction of the number of patients undergoing leukapheresis (all patients registered).

Time frame:
Up to 2 years
Reported as:
Count of participants · Participants
Proportion of Patients for Whom an AUTO2 Product Can be Generated
ParticipantsAUTO2
Proportion of Patients for Whom an AUTO2 Product Can be Generated12
SecondaryClinical Benefit Rate

Number of subjects exhibiting stringent complete response, complete response, very good partial response, partial response or minor response following treatment with AUTO2

Time frame:
Up to 2 years
Reported as:
Count of participants · Participants
Clinical Benefit Rate
ParticipantsAUTO2
Clinical Benefit Rate4
SecondaryDuration of Response

Calculated from the date of first observation of sCR, CR, VGPR or PR to the date of disease progression, relapse or death, for patients who were considered responders (achieved at least PR). Patients who had not progressed, relapsed or died will be censored at the last adequate disease assessment.

Time frame:
Up to 2 years

No measurements were reported for this outcome.

SecondaryTime to Disease Progression

Calculated from the date of AUTO2 treatment to the date of progression. Patients who had not progressed, relapsed or died without progression/relapse will be censored at the last adequate disease assessment.

Time frame:
Up to 2 years

No measurements were reported for this outcome.

SecondaryProgression-free Survival

Calculated from the date of AUTO2 treatment to the date of progression or death. Patients who have not progressed or relapsed was censored at the last adequate disease assessment

Time frame:
Up to 2 years

No measurements were reported for this outcome.

SecondaryOverall Survival

Descriptive analysis based on number of patients alive at database lock (1-May-2020).

Time frame:
Up to 2 years
Reported as:
Count of participants · Participants
Overall Survival
ParticipantsAUTO2
Overall Survival3
SecondaryNumber of Patients With Expansion Followed by Persistence of RQR8/APRIL CAR Positive T Cells in the Peripheral Blood

Expansion and persistence of RQR8/APRIL CAR positive T cells as determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and/or flow cytometry.

Time frame:
Up to 2 years
Reported as:
Count of participants · Participants
Number of Patients With Expansion Followed by Persistence of RQR8/APRIL CAR Positive T Cells in the Peripheral Blood
ParticipantsAUTO2
Number of Patients With Expansion Followed by Persistence of RQR8/APRIL CAR Positive T Cells in the Peripheral Blood9

Adverse events

Collected over From Day 0 until Day 60 post last AUTO2 infusion.. Non-serious events are listed at a 0% frequency threshold.

Adverse event summary by group
GroupDeathsSeriousOther
AUTO28/11 (72.7%)6/11 (54.5%)11/11 (100%)
Most frequent serious events
Most frequent serious events
EventAUTO2
PyrexiaGeneral disorders2/11
Neutrophil count decreasedInvestigations1/11
Metaplastic breast carcinomaNeoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified (incl cysts and polyps)1/11
Acute myocardial infarctionCardiac disorders1/11
DyspnoeaRespiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders1/11
HedacheNervous system disorders1/11
ArthralgiaMusculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders1/11
HypocalcaemiaMetabolism and nutrition disorders1/11
Lung infectionInfections and infestations1/11
Most frequent other events
Showing 10 of 63
Most frequent other events
EventAUTO2
AnaemiaBlood and lymphatic system disorders9/11
Neutrophil count decreasedInvestigations7/11
FatigueGeneral disorders6/11
PyrexiaGeneral disorders6/11
DiarrhoeaGastrointestinal disorders5/11
ChillsGeneral disorders4/11
DyspnoeaRespiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders4/11
Bone painMusculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders4/11
Oedema peripheralGeneral disorders3/11
NeutropeniaBlood and lymphatic system disorders3/11

Baseline characteristics

Age, Categorical
Age, Categorical(Participants)AUTO2
<=18 years0
Between 18 and 65 years9
>=65 years3
Sex: Female, Male
Sex: Female, Male(Participants)AUTO2
Female3
Male9
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)(Participants)AUTO2
Hispanic or Latino0
Not Hispanic or Latino12
Unknown or Not Reported0
Race (NIH/OMB)
Race (NIH/OMB)(Participants)AUTO2
American Indian or Alaska Native0
Asian0
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander0
Black or African American2
White10
More than one race0
Unknown or Not Reported0
Region of Enrollment
Region of Enrollment(participants)AUTO2
Netherlands1
United Kingdom11
07

Study locations

4 sites
  • VU University Medical Centre Amsterdam
    Amsterdam, Netherlands
  • University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
    London, United Kingdom
  • The Christie NHS Foundation Trust
    Manchester, M20 4BX, United Kingdom
  • Freeman Hospital, The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
    Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
08

References and documents

Study documents

  • Study protocol · Jun 27, 2018
  • Statistical analysis plan · Apr 21, 2020

Documents are hosted by the registry — open the source record to download them.

09

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT03287804
Lead sponsor
Autolus Limited
Responsible party
Sponsor
First posted
Sep 19, 2017
Start date
May 5, 2017
Primary completion
Sep 5, 2019
Completion
Sep 5, 2019
Results posted
Oct 23, 2020
Last update
Oct 23, 2020

Study contacts

Autolus Limited
study director · Sponsor GmbH

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
Yes
FDA-regulated drug
Yes
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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