ClinicalTrials.gg
TerminatedNCT03277222Updated Jun 11, 2020

Intranasal Treatment of HIV-associated Neurocognitive Disorders

A Phase 2 interventional study of IN insulin and Sterile Saline placebo in HIV Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND), sponsored by University of Calgary. Terminated at 1 site in Canada. Open to participants aged 18 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2020-06-11.

Sponsored by University of Calgary · Phase 2, Interventional, and Treatment

Why this study was terminated
Unable to find further eligible participants
Phase
Phase 2
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
4
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
18 Years and older
Sex
All
01

Where this study stands

Counted across the records on this site · 2026-11-13

Among 26 studies in Neurocognitive Disorders with a site in Canada — 10 open to participants now, 13 under way, none of them phase 3. Neurocognitive Disorders · Canada.

Enrollment
17th of 17
4 · median 207
Started
2018
with 2 others
Phase 2
5 of 26
1 open now
Registered
4th of 26
by date
Lead sponsor
2 of 26
University of Calgary

Among the 26 studies in Neurocognitive Disorders with a site in Canada, this one is the 17th largest by enrollment of the 17 interventional ones that give a count, is one of 3 that started in 2018, is one of 5 in phase 2, and was the 4th registered.

Neurocognitive Disorders

274 studies on the registry are indexed under Neurocognitive Disorders; 90 are open to participants now.

Browse Neurocognitive Disorders studies →

Open to participants now

10 of the 26 studies in Neurocognitive Disorders with a site in Canada are open now. Recruiting first, the newest first:

5 more — sign in →

All 10 open studies →

A study can be open while its sites in Canada have not opened yet or have stopped. Only those recruiting at a site in Canada →

Who these studies take

Of the 60 Neurocognitive Disorders studies recruiting now, 37 (62%) set no upper age limit and 2 (3%) stop at 75 or younger; 4 take children under 18; 17 take healthy volunteers.

This study: 18 Years and older · all sexes · no healthy volunteers.

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02

Study summary

This study aims to see whether intranasal insulin is an effective treatment for problems with memory, concentration, slowed thinking, or any other cognitive function in people living with HIV/AIDS. This group of signs and symptoms are called 'HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders' or HAND. HAND can affect people living with HIV/AIDS even when they receive potent anti-HIV treatments. Treatment of HAND by specific medication or other means is not yet available. Intranasal insulin treatment has virtually no side-effects, and has already been tested in people with Alzheimer's disease, where it showed beneficial effects on memory, mood and quality of life

Read the detailed description

This study is designed as a prospective, double-blinded pilot study of intranasal (IN) insulin versus placebo in people with HAND (n = 20) on stable ART medication. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of two groups: 40 IU IN insulin R twice daily, or matched-volume placebo, which will be administered twice daily, taken after breakfast and again after dinner using a nasal delivery device. Serum glucose will be tested for hypoglycemia one hour after the initial administration of IN insulin or placebo and after administration at Weeks 1, 2, and 3. If the dose is tolerated and no side effects are reported the participant will continue in the study. If the dose is not tolerated due to hypoglycemia then the participant will be withdrawn from the study.

The objectives of this study are as follows:

Primary: Determine if IN insulin treatment administered twice daily for 4 months reduces overall neurocognitive deficits (based on the global z-score in people with HAND).

Secondary: Measure effects of IN insulin on individual neuropsychological domains (e.g., memory, processing speed, executive functions, motor functions) and on HAND disease progression; Define impacts of IN insulin on quality of life and mood in people with HAND; Investigate IN insulin's effects on HAND biomarker profiles in urine and blood.

03

Conditions studied

  • HIV Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND)

Keywords

  • Neurocognitive impairment
  • HIV-1
  • Intranasal insulin
  • Neurocognitive Disorder
  • Cognition
  • Memory
04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years and older
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  • Documented -1 infection
  • Maintained on stable ART for ≥6 months (defined as undetectable viral load)
  • HAND-MND or -ANI diagnosis with evidence of clinical onset or progression within the prior 2 years, based on established criteria
  • Currently followed at the Southern Alberta Clinic (SAC; Calgary, AB, Canada)

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • HAND with a) changed dose of any medication for -1 infection with a corresponding increase in viral load (e.g., ART), or b) secondary therapies for HAND (e.g., memantine, amphetamines).
  • Advanced liver, renal or lung disease, cancer or diabetes requiring insulin
  • Secondary diagnosis of neurocognitive impairment or other major neuropsychiatric illness such as epilepsy, Alzheimer's or Parkinson's diseases, major depression (PHQ-9 score >10), or schizophrenia
  • Central nervous system lesion (diagnosed by neuroimaging) that may impair cognition
  • Previous allergic reaction to insulin or any of the carrier components.
  • Education \< 9 years or inability to read and write English fluently
  • Uncontrolled HIV-1 or co-infection
  • Inability to perform NP or questionnaire measures, functional illiteracy
  • Past or current substance abuse that could interfere with the study assessments as determined by the PI
  • Marijuana use on the day of NP testing
  • Uncontrolled cardiovascular disease (hypertension, coronary or peripheral artery disease)
Terms in these criteria, in plain language(2)

Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.

HIV

The human immunodeficiency virus, which weakens the immune system.

Many studies now accept people whose HIV is controlled on treatment, judged by the viral load and the CD4 count. Check the limits this study sets.

Hepatitis C tests

Hepatitis C is a virus that infects the liver. An HCV antibody test can stay positive after an infection has cleared (and is occasionally positive without one); an HCV RNA test shows whether the virus is there now.

After treatment, hepatitis C counts as cured when HCV RNA is still undetectable 12 weeks or more after the treatment ended. Studies often accept people cured this way.

05

Study design

Phase
Phase 2
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
Quadruple (Participant, Care provider, Investigator, Outcomes assessor)
Enrollment
4 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Active comparator
    IN insulin 40 IU

    Drug: IN insulin Dosage form: intranasal Dose: 40 IU Frequency: bid Duration: 16 weeks

    Biological: IN insulin

  • Placebo comparator
    IN Sterile Saline

    Drug: Sterile Saline Dosage form: intranasal Frequency: bid Duration: 16 weeks

    Biological: Sterile Saline placebo

Interventions

  • BiologicalIN insulin

    IN insulin twice daily taken after breakfast and again after dinner using the nasal delivery device.

    Also known as: Intranasal Humulin R

  • BiologicalSterile Saline placebo

    Sterile Saline placebo twice daily taken after breakfast and again after dinner using the nasal delivery device.

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Change in Global Neurocognitive Performance from Baseline

    Change in overall neurocognitive function as measured by the global z score. The global z score is one measurement calculated as the average of z scores from each domain tested.

    Time frame: 18 weeks

Secondary outcomes

  1. Change from Baseline in Neurocognitive Performance: Memory

    Change from baseline in the overall z score for the memory domain, calculated as the average of z scores from: Hopkins Verbal Learning Test, Logical Memory Test, and Brief Visual Memory Test (immediate and delayed recall).

    Time frame: 18 weeks

  2. Change from Baseline in Neurocognitive Performance: Executive Function

    Change from baseline in the overall z score for the executive function domain, calculated as the average of z scores from: D-KEFS Trail-making Task (Letter-Switching) and Color-Word Interference (Stroop).

    Time frame: 18 weeks

  3. Change from Baseline in Neurocognitive Performance: Attention

    Change from baseline in the overall z score for the attention domain, calculated as the average of z scores from: Symbol Digit Modalities Test, D-KEFS Trail-making Test (Number), and Color-Word Interference (Color and Word Reading).

    Time frame: 18 weeks

  4. Change from Baseline in Neurocognitive Performance: Motor Function

    Change from baseline in the overall z score for the motor function domain, calculated as the average of z scores from: grooved pegboard completion times for dominant and non-dominant hands.

    Time frame: 18 weeks

  5. Change from Baseline in Neurocognitive Performance: Language

    Change from baseline in the overall z score for the language domain, calculated as the average of z scores from: D-KEFS Letter and Category Verbal Fluency Tasks

    Time frame: 18 weeks

Other outcomes

  1. Change from baseline in HQoL questionnaire score

    Change from baseline in health-related quality of life (HQoL) questionnaire score

    Time frame: 18 weeks

  2. Change from baseline in the PHQ-9 Questionnaire score

    Change in the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) depressive symptoms score.

    Time frame: 18 weeks

  3. Change from Baseline in the Frailty Index Score - questionnaire and clinic assessment

    Change in the overall Frailty Index score measured from baseline to Week 8.

    Time frame: 16 weeks

  4. Change from Baseline HAND inflammasome biomarker laboratory result profile

    Change in inflammasome biomarker laboratory result profile between baseline and week 16.

    Time frame: 16 weeks

  5. Change from Baseline HAND metabolomics biomarker laboratory result profile

    Change in metabolomics biomarker laboratory result profile between baseline and week 16.

    Time frame: 16 weeks

  6. Change from Baseline plasma HIV-1 viral load laboratory result

    Change in plasma HIV-1 viral load between baseline and week 16.

    Time frame: 16 weeks

  7. Change from Baseline blood CD4 T-cell count laboratory result

    Change in blood CD4 T-cell count between baseline and week 16.

    Time frame: 16 weeks

07

Study locations

1 site
  • Southern Alberta Clinic
    Calgary, Alberta T2R 0X7, Canada
08

References and documents

Publications

  • Antinori A, Arendt G, Becker JT, Brew BJ, Byrd DA, Cherner M, Clifford DB, Cinque P, Epstein LG, Goodkin K, Gisslen M, Grant I, Heaton RK, Joseph J, Marder K, Marra CM, McArthur JC, Nunn M, Price RW, Pulliam L, Robertson KR, Sacktor N, Valcour V, Wojna VE. Updated research nosology for HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. Neurology. 2007 Oct 30;69(18):1789-99. doi: 10.1212/01.WNL.0000287431.88658.8b. Epub 2007 Oct 3. PubMed 17914061 ↗
  • Pandya R, Krentz HB, Gill MJ, Power C. HIV-related neurological syndromes reduce health-related quality of life. Can J Neurol Sci. 2005 May;32(2):201-4. doi: 10.1017/s0317167100003978. PubMed 16018155 ↗
  • Yeung H, Krentz HB, Gill MJ, Power C. Neuropsychiatric disorders in HIV infection: impact of diagnosis on economic costs of care. AIDS. 2006 Oct 24;20(16):2005-9. doi: 10.1097/01.aids.0000247565.80633.d2. PubMed 17053346 ↗
  • Vivithanaporn P, Heo G, Gamble J, Krentz HB, Hoke A, Gill MJ, Power C. Neurologic disease burden in treated HIV/AIDS predicts survival: a population-based study. Neurology. 2010 Sep 28;75(13):1150-8. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181f4d5bb. Epub 2010 Aug 25. PubMed 20739646 ↗
  • Mamik MK, Asahchop EL, Chan WF, Zhu Y, Branton WG, McKenzie BA, Cohen EA, Power C. Insulin Treatment Prevents Neuroinflammation and Neuronal Injury with Restored Neurobehavioral Function in Models of HIV/AIDS Neurodegeneration. J Neurosci. 2016 Oct 12;36(41):10683-10695. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1287-16.2016. PubMed 27733618 ↗
  • Boisse L, Gill MJ, Power C. HIV infection of the central nervous system: clinical features and neuropathogenesis. Neurol Clin. 2008 Aug;26(3):799-819, x. doi: 10.1016/j.ncl.2008.04.002. PubMed 18657727 ↗
  • Fujiwara, E., Gill, J.M. & Power, C. Risk Factors for HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders (HAND) in a Canadian Cohort (P1.321). Neurology 86 P1.321 (2016).
  • McCombe JA, Vivithanaporn P, Gill MJ, Power C. Predictors of symptomatic HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders in universal health care. HIV Med. 2013 Feb;14(2):99-107. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-1293.2012.01043.x. Epub 2012 Sep 20. PubMed 22994556 ↗
  • Grant I, Franklin DR Jr, Deutsch R, Woods SP, Vaida F, Ellis RJ, Letendre SL, Marcotte TD, Atkinson JH, Collier AC, Marra CM, Clifford DB, Gelman BB, McArthur JC, Morgello S, Simpson DM, McCutchan JA, Abramson I, Gamst A, Fennema-Notestine C, Smith DM, Heaton RK; CHARTER Group. Asymptomatic HIV-associated neurocognitive impairment increases risk for symptomatic decline. Neurology. 2014 Jun 10;82(23):2055-62. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000000492. Epub 2014 May 9. PubMed 24814848 ↗
  • Sacktor N, Skolasky RL, Seaberg E, Munro C, Becker JT, Martin E, Ragin A, Levine A, Miller E. Prevalence of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Neurology. 2016 Jan 26;86(4):334-40. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000002277. Epub 2015 Dec 30. PubMed 26718568 ↗
  • Nightingale S, Winston A, Letendre S, Michael BD, McArthur JC, Khoo S, Solomon T. Controversies in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. Lancet Neurol. 2014 Nov;13(11):1139-1151. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(14)70137-1. PubMed 25316020 ↗
  • Letendre S, Marquie-Beck J, Capparelli E, Best B, Clifford D, Collier AC, Gelman BB, McArthur JC, McCutchan JA, Morgello S, Simpson D, Grant I, Ellis RJ; CHARTER Group. Validation of the CNS Penetration-Effectiveness rank for quantifying antiretroviral penetration into the central nervous system. Arch Neurol. 2008 Jan;65(1):65-70. doi: 10.1001/archneurol.2007.31. PubMed 18195140 ↗
  • Hyun E, Ramachandran R, Hollenberg MD, Vergnolle N. Mechanisms behind the anti-inflammatory actions of insulin. Crit Rev Immunol. 2011;31(4):307-40. doi: 10.1615/critrevimmunol.v31.i4.30. PubMed 21899513 ↗
  • Benedict C, Hallschmid M, Hatke A, Schultes B, Fehm HL, Born J, Kern W. Intranasal insulin improves memory in humans. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2004 Nov;29(10):1326-34. doi: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2004.04.003. PubMed 15288712 ↗
  • Craft S, Baker LD, Montine TJ, Minoshima S, Watson GS, Claxton A, Arbuckle M, Callaghan M, Tsai E, Plymate SR, Green PS, Leverenz J, Cross D, Gerton B. Intranasal insulin therapy for Alzheimer disease and amnestic mild cognitive impairment: a pilot clinical trial. Arch Neurol. 2012 Jan;69(1):29-38. doi: 10.1001/archneurol.2011.233. Epub 2011 Sep 12. PubMed 21911655 ↗
  • Rosenbloom MH, Barclay TR, Pyle M, Owens BL, Cagan AB, Anderson CP, Frey WH 2nd, Hanson LR. A single-dose pilot trial of intranasal rapid-acting insulin in apolipoprotein E4 carriers with mild-moderate Alzheimer's disease. CNS Drugs. 2014 Dec;28(12):1185-9. doi: 10.1007/s40263-014-0214-y. PubMed 25373630 ↗
  • Claxton A, Baker LD, Wilkinson CW, Trittschuh EH, Chapman D, Watson GS, Cholerton B, Plymate SR, Arbuckle M, Craft S. Sex and ApoE genotype differences in treatment response to two doses of intranasal insulin in adults with mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer's disease. J Alzheimers Dis. 2013;35(4):789-97. doi: 10.3233/JAD-122308. PubMed 23507773 ↗
  • Claxton A, Baker LD, Hanson A, Trittschuh EH, Cholerton B, Morgan A, Callaghan M, Arbuckle M, Behl C, Craft S. Long-acting intranasal insulin detemir improves cognition for adults with mild cognitive impairment or early-stage Alzheimer's disease dementia. J Alzheimers Dis. 2015;44(3):897-906. doi: 10.3233/JAD-141791. Erratum In: J Alzheimers Dis. 2015;45(4):1269-70. doi: 10.3233/JAD-159002. PubMed 25374101 ↗
  • Reger MA, Watson GS, Green PS, Wilkinson CW, Baker LD, Cholerton B, Fishel MA, Plymate SR, Breitner JC, DeGroodt W, Mehta P, Craft S. Intranasal insulin improves cognition and modulates beta-amyloid in early AD. Neurology. 2008 Feb 5;70(6):440-8. doi: 10.1212/01.WNL.0000265401.62434.36. Epub 2007 Oct 17. Erratum In: Neurology. 2008 Sep 9;71(11):866. PubMed 17942819 ↗
  • Shemesh E, Rudich A, Harman-Boehm I, Cukierman-Yaffe T. Effect of intranasal insulin on cognitive function: a systematic review. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012 Feb;97(2):366-76. doi: 10.1210/jc.2011-1802. Epub 2011 Dec 7. PubMed 22162476 ↗
  • Asahchop EL, Akinwumi SM, Branton WG, Fujiwara E, Gill MJ, Power C. Plasma microRNA profiling predicts HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder. AIDS. 2016 Aug 24;30(13):2021-31. doi: 10.1097/QAD.0000000000001160. PubMed 27191977 ↗
  • Lenart N, Brough D, Denes A. Inflammasomes link vascular disease with neuroinflammation and brain disorders. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2016 Oct;36(10):1668-1685. doi: 10.1177/0271678X16662043. Epub 2016 Aug 2. PubMed 27486046 ↗
  • Walsh JG, Muruve DA, Power C. Inflammasomes in the CNS. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2014 Feb;15(2):84-97. doi: 10.1038/nrn3638. Epub 2014 Jan 8. PubMed 24399084 ↗
  • Kim DH, Jewison DL, Milner GR, Rourke SB, Gill MJ, Power C. Neurocognitive symptoms and impairment in an HIV community clinic. Can J Neurol Sci. 2001 Aug;28(3):228-31. doi: 10.1017/s0317167100001372. PubMed 11513341 ↗
  • Koenig N, Fujiwara E, Gill MJ, Power C. Montreal Cognitive Assessment Performance in HIV/AIDS: Impact of Systemic Factors. Can J Neurol Sci. 2016 Jan;43(1):157-62. doi: 10.1017/cjn.2015.306. Epub 2015 Dec 4. PubMed 26635008 ↗
  • Fujiwara E, Tomlinson SE, Purdon SE, Gill MJ, Power C. Decision making under explicit risk is impaired in individuals with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 2015;37(7):733-50. doi: 10.1080/13803395.2015.1057481. Epub 2015 Jul 24. PubMed 26207583 ↗
  • Justice AC, McGinnis KA, Atkinson JH, Heaton RK, Young C, Sadek J, Madenwald T, Becker JT, Conigliaro J, Brown ST, Rimland D, Crystal S, Simberkoff M; Veterans Aging Cohort 5-Site Study Project Team. Psychiatric and neurocognitive disorders among HIV-positive and negative veterans in care: Veterans Aging Cohort Five-Site Study. AIDS. 2004 Jan 1;18 Suppl 1:S49-59. PubMed 15075498 ↗
  • Crane HM, Van Rompaey SE, Dillingham PW, Herman E, Diehr P, Kitahata MM. A single-item measure of health-related quality-of-life for HIV-infected patients in routine clinical care. AIDS Patient Care STDS. 2006 Mar;20(3):161-74. doi: 10.1089/apc.2006.20.161. PubMed 16548713 ↗
  • Power C, Gill MJ, Johnson RT. Progress in clinical neurosciences: The neuropathogenesis of HIV infection: host-virus interaction and the impact of therapy. Can J Neurol Sci. 2002 Feb;29(1):19-32. doi: 10.1017/s0317167100001682. PubMed 11858531 ↗
  • Van Marle G, Rourke SB, Zhang K, Silva C, Ethier J, Gill MJ, Power C. HIV dementia patients exhibit reduced viral neutralization and increased envelope sequence diversity in blood and brain. AIDS. 2002 Sep 27;16(14):1905-14. doi: 10.1097/00002030-200209270-00007. PubMed 12351950 ↗
  • Skinner S, Adewale AJ, DeBlock L, Gill MJ, Power C. Neurocognitive screening tools in HIV/AIDS: comparative performance among patients exposed to antiretroviral therapy. HIV Med. 2009 Apr;10(4):246-52. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-1293.2008.00679.x. Epub 2009 Jan 23. PubMed 19187172 ↗
  • McCombe JA, Auer RN, Maingat FG, Houston S, Gill MJ, Power C. Neurologic immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in HIV/AIDS: outcome and epidemiology. Neurology. 2009 Mar 3;72(9):835-41. doi: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000343854.80344.69. PubMed 19255411 ↗
  • Sacktor, N., et al. Paroxetine and Fluconazole Therapy for HAND: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Conference on retroviruses and opportunistic infections. 2016 Boston MA USA Sesssion O-12 Abstract 146(2016).
  • Power C, Boisse L, Rourke S, Gill MJ. NeuroAIDS: an evolving epidemic. Can J Neurol Sci. 2009 May;36(3):285-95. doi: 10.1017/s0317167100007009. PubMed 19534327 ↗

Individual participant data

Plan to share: No

09

Timeline

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
ElapsedEstimatedEstimated, not yet reached

Ran from Nov 2018 to primary completion in Apr 2019, 5 months.

How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.

Registered
Aug 28, 2017
First posted
Sep 8, 2017
StartActual
Nov 1, 2018
Primary completionActual
Apr 21, 2019
CompletionActual
Apr 21, 2019
Last update
Jun 11, 2020
What these dates mean
Start.
When the first participant enrolled; while estimated, when the study expects to open to recruitment.
Primary completion.
When the last participant was examined or treated to collect data for the study's main question, its primary outcome. A study that stopped early gives the date its data collection stopped.
Completion.
When the last participant's last visit took place, for every outcome, secondary ones and side effects included: the end of the study. Often later than primary completion, sometimes the same day.
Actual and Est.
Actual means the registry says the date has happened. Est. (estimated) is a date the sponsor plans or expects. It can still move, and the sponsor is expected to change it to actual once it has passed.
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Jun 11, 2020, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT03277222
Collaborators
Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR), University of Alberta, Epidemiology Coordinating and Research Centre, Canada
Responsible party
John Gill (Medical Director, Southern Alberta Clinic, University of Calgary) — Principal investigator
First posted
Sep 8, 2017
Start date
Nov 1, 2018
Primary completion
Apr 21, 2019
Completion
Apr 21, 2019
Last update
Jun 11, 2020

Study contacts

Christopher Power, MD, FRCPC
principal investigator · University of Alberta
Michael J Gill, MBChB FACP
principal investigator · University of Calgary

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
Yes
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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