ClinicalTrials.gg
CompletedNCT03266510Updated May 7, 2021

Inspiratory Muscle Strength Training to Improve Blood Pressure and Physiological Function

An interventional study of Inspiratory muscle strength training and Sham training in Hypertension, Prehypertension and Aging, sponsored by Douglas Seals. Completed at 1 site in United States. Open to participants aged 50 Years to 64 Years, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2021-05-07.

Sponsored by Douglas Seals · Not applicable, Interventional, and Treatment

Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
64
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
50 Years to 64 Years
Sex
All
01

Where this study stands

Counted across the records on this site · 2026-11-12

Among 2,029 studies in Hypertension with a site in United States — 273 open to participants now, 369 under way, 16 of them phase 3. Hypertension · United States.

Enrollment
1,043rd of 1,777
64 · median 100
Started
2017
with 79 others
No phase
1,069 of 2,029
172 open now
Registered
1,138th of 2,029
by date

Among the 2,029 studies in Hypertension with a site in United States, this one is the 1,043rd largest by enrollment of the 1,777 interventional ones that give a count, is one of 80 that started in 2017, is one of 1,069 with no phase, and was the 1,138th registered.

Hypertension

6,114 studies on the registry are indexed under Hypertension; 912 are open to participants now.

Browse Hypertension studies →

Open to participants now

273 of the 2,029 studies in Hypertension with a site in United States are open now. Recruiting first, the newest first:

268 more — sign in →

All 273 open studies →

A study can be open while its sites in United States have not opened yet or have stopped. Only those recruiting at a site in United States →

Who these studies take

Of the 564 Hypertension studies recruiting now, 266 (47%) set no upper age limit and 200 (35%) stop at 75 or younger; 40 take children under 18; 138 take healthy volunteers.

This study: 50 Years to 64 Years · all sexes · healthy volunteers too.

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02

Study summary

The purpose of this study is to assess the efficacy of inspiratory muscle strength training for lowering blood pressure and improving physiological function (vascular, motor, and cognitive) in middle-aged and older adults with elevated systolic blood pressure.

Read the detailed description

Over, the proposed research project has the long-term potential to influence clinical practice by establishing a novel lifestyle intervention for treating multiple domains of age- and hypertension-associated physiological dysfunction and thereby reducing the risk of clinical disease and disability.

03

Conditions studied

  • Hypertension
  • Prehypertension
  • Aging

Keywords

  • Inspiratory muscle strength training
04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
50 Years to 64 Years
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
Yes

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  • Ability to provide
  • Willing to accept random assignment to condition
  • Women will be confirmed as (either natural or surgical) based on cessation of menses for >1 year.
  • Resting systolic blood pressure 120-159 mmHg
  • Resting diastolic blood pressure \<100 mmHg
  • Subjects taking anti-hypertensive medications will be included provided they meet the other inclusion criteria, including elevated systolic blood pressure. These medications will not be withheld prior to experimental protocols.
  • Free from alcohol dependence or abuse, as defined by the American Psychiatry Association, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual or Mental Disorders ()

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Current smoking
  • Chronic clinical disease (e.g., inflammatory bowel disease/irritable bowel syndrome, coronary artery/peripheral artery/cerebrovascular diseases, diabetes, chronic kidney disease requiring dialysis, neurological disorders or diseases that may affect motor/cognitive function [multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, polio, Alzheimer's disease, dementia, or other brain diseases of aging]), except hypertension
  • \<1 year
  • Scoring \<21 on the
  • Moderate or sever peripheral artery disease (ankle-brachial index 0.7)
  • Taking a medication that your doctor deems unsafe to hold for >1 week
  • A graded exercise test will be performed by all subjects. If there is physician concern or an adverse event, the subject will not participate in the study.
  • No weight stable in the prior 3 months (>2 kg weight change) or unwilling to remain weight stable throughout study (rationale: recent weight change or weight loss can influence vascular function)
Terms in these criteria, in plain language(4)

Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.

Informed consent

Before you join, the study team explains what taking part involves — its purpose, what happens, the risks and possible benefits — and answers your questions, so you can decide freely. Consent is usually recorded on a form (the informed consent form, ICF) signed by you or, where the law allows, by someone legally authorised to decide for you.

You can keep asking questions during the study, you are told of new information that matters, and you can choose to leave at any time.

Postmenopausal

Periods have stopped for good: usually no period for 12 months in a row without another medical reason, sometimes confirmed by a blood test (FSH).

DSM diagnostic criteria

The American Psychiatric Association’s manual of mental health diagnoses. DSM-5 (2013, revised as DSM-5-TR in 2022) replaced DSM-IV, and some studies still name the older edition. “Meets DSM criteria for …” means diagnosed by that edition’s diagnostic criteria, usually by a clinician in an interview.

MMSE and MoCA

Short tests of memory and thinking, each scored out of 30. Lower scores suggest more difficulty; criteria give a range, either to include people with memory problems or to leave them out.

05

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
Double (Participant, Investigator)
Enrollment
64 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    Inspiratory muscle strength training

    Using a handheld device, subjects were perform 30 breaths a day, six days a week. The device produces resistance that increases the effort of breathing in. The resistance to breathing will be strong.

    Other: Inspiratory muscle strength training

  • Sham comparator
    Sham training

    Using a handheld device, subjects were perform 30 breaths a day, six days a week. The device produces resistance that increases the effort of breathing in. The resistance to breathing will be weak.

    Other: Sham training

Interventions

  • OtherInspiratory muscle strength training

    Subjects will perform inspiratory muscle strength training for 6 weeks.

  • OtherSham training

    Subjects will perform sham training for 6 weeks.

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Blood pressure

    Resting blood pressure

    Time frame: 6 weeks

Secondary outcomes

  1. Ambulatory blood pressure

    24-hour mean blood pressure

    Time frame: 6 weeks

  2. Endothelium-dependent dilation

    Flow-mediated dilation

    Time frame: 6 weeks

  3. Arterial stiffness

    Aortic pulse wave velocity

    Time frame: 6 weeks

  4. Motor function

    NIH Toolbox motor test battery

    Time frame: 6 weeks

  5. Cognitive function

    NIH Toolbox cognition test battery

    Time frame: 6 weeks

  6. Systemic markers of oxidative stress

    Oxidized LDL levels in blood

    Time frame: 6 weeks

  7. Endothelial cell markers of oxidative stress

    Nitrotyrosine levels in biopsied endothelial cells

    Time frame: 6 weeks

07

Study locations

1 site
  • Integrative Physiology of Aging Laboratory
    Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
08

References and documents

Publications

  • Craighead DH, Heinbockel TC, Freeberg KA, Rossman MJ, Jackman RA, Jankowski LR, Hamilton MN, Ziemba BP, Reisz JA, D'Alessandro A, Brewster LM, DeSouza CA, You Z, Chonchol M, Bailey EF, Seals DR. Time-Efficient Inspiratory Muscle Strength Training Lowers Blood Pressure and Improves Endothelial Function, NO Bioavailability, and Oxidative Stress in Midlife/Older Adults With Above-Normal Blood Pressure. J Am Heart Assoc. 2021 Jul 6;10(13):e020980. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.121.020980. Epub 2021 Jun 29. PubMed 34184544 ↗

Individual participant data

Plan to share: No

09

Timeline

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
ElapsedEstimatedEstimated, not yet reachedSimilar studies: half by the dot; the band is the middle halfHalf of similar studies reached it by the dot; the band is the middle half, from a quarter to three quarters

Ran from Nov 2017 to primary completion in Apr 2020, 28 months.

Of 1,403 non-industry interventional studies with no phase under Hypertension, half reached primary completion within 23 months of starting (the median), counting those still running; a quarter within 10 and three quarters within 41. This study's 28 months is above that.

Counting every sponsor, half of 1,498 studies reached it within 23 months; a quarter within 10 and three quarters within 41.

How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.

Registered
Aug 28, 2017
First posted
Aug 30, 2017
StartActual
Nov 25, 2017
Primary completionActual
Apr 14, 2020
CompletionActual
Oct 30, 2020
Last update
May 7, 2021
What these dates mean
Start.
When the first participant enrolled; while estimated, when the study expects to open to recruitment.
Primary completion.
When the last participant was examined or treated to collect data for the study's main question, its primary outcome. A study that stopped early gives the date its data collection stopped.
Completion.
When the last participant's last visit took place, for every outcome, secondary ones and side effects included: the end of the study. Often later than primary completion, sometimes the same day.
Actual and Est.
Actual means the registry says the date has happened. Est. (estimated) is a date the sponsor plans or expects. It can still move, and the sponsor is expected to change it to actual once it has passed.
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on May 7, 2021, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT03266510
Lead sponsor
Douglas Seals
Responsible party
Douglas Seals (Professor of Distinction, University of Colorado, Boulder) — Sponsor-investigator
First posted
Aug 30, 2017
Start date
Nov 25, 2017
Primary completion
Apr 14, 2020
Completion
Oct 30, 2020
Last update
May 7, 2021

Study contacts

Daniel H Craighead, PhD
principal investigator · University of Colorado, Boulder
Douglas R Seals, PhD
study director · University of Colorado, Boulder

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
Yes
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

Not currently enrolling

This study is completed, as verified in May 2021. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

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