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CompletedNCT03069677Updated Sep 10, 2019Results posted

Music vs Midazolam During Preop Nerve Block Placement

A Phase 3 interventional study of music and Midazolam in Anxiety and Peripheral Nerve Block, sponsored by University of Pennsylvania. Completed at 1 site in United States. Open to participants aged 18 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2019-09-10.

Sponsored by University of Pennsylvania · Phase 3, Interventional, and Treatment

Phase
Phase 3
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
160
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
18 Years and older
Sex
All
01

Study summary

The purpose of this study is to determine if there are differences in anxiety scores, heart rate, blood pressure, and oxygen status when using sedation medication versus music while undergoing a peripheral nerve block before your surgery.

Read the detailed description

The general flow of the study will be conducted as follows:

  1. Research coordinator will call or approach patients who are scheduled for a surgical procedure that is planning for a peripheral nerve block either for the primary anesthetic or for postoperative pain control to be placed in the preoperative bay in the ambulatory surgical center.
  2. Research coordinator will discuss the purpose of our study and explain the study in detail for the patient. If a patient agrees to participate, then we will have the patient sign the informed consent for the study. If patient is on the phone and decides to participate, the patient will sign the informed consent upon arriving to Penn Medicine University City (PMUC).
  3. Once the patient signs the informed consent for the peripheral nerve block by anesthesia team. The patient randomized will be revealed to either music or IV midazolam. The pre-procedure anxiety score will then be obtained using the STAI-6 validated tool.
  4. The golden moment will be conducted between the patient, provider, and nursing staff. Once this golden moment is completed, the anxiolytic intervention will start (music or IV midazolam)*
  5. The preoperative nerve block will be conducted by the regional anesthesia block team.
  6. Once the nerve block is complete, we will obtain the post-procedure anxiety score using the STAI-6 validated tool.
  7. Once the post-procedure anxiety score has been obtained, we will also obtain the patient satisfaction score, the provider satisfaction score, and the evaluation of any difficulties in communication between the provider and patient. After these questions have been obtained, the study is complete.
02

Conditions studied

  • Anxiety
  • Peripheral Nerve Block

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Keywords

  • midazolam
03

In context

Anxiety Disorders

5,063 studies on the registry are indexed under Anxiety Disorders; 1,408 are open to participants now.

This study's enrollment of 160 is above the median of 80 across 4,339 interventional studies indexed under Anxiety Disorders.

Browse Anxiety Disorders studies →

Lead sponsor

University of Pennsylvania is the lead sponsor of 1,664 studies on the registry; 236 are open to participants now.

Of its 156 completed or terminated interventional studies of FDA-regulated products, 107 (69%) have results posted.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years and older
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  • Patients who are >18 years of age, who will give informed consent in receiving a peripheral nerve block in the preoperative bay for their primary anesthetic and/or for their postoperative pain control.

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • significant psychiatric disorder such as generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, depression, psychosis, bipolar disorder; individuals who were incompetent to give informed consent; pregnant and/or breast feeding patients; any underlying coagulopathy, infection or other factors which would be a contraindication to receiving a peripheral nerve block; hypersensitivity to midazolam; and history of renal impairment. Patients who were extremely anxious (scores 50 and greater on the State Trait Anxiety Inventory-6 (STAI-6) tool) were also excluded from the study.
05

Study design

Phase
Phase 3
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
None (open label)
Enrollment
160 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Active comparator
    Music group

    research-selected music

    Other: music

  • Active comparator
    Midazolam group

    IV midazolam (1mg to 2mg max)

    Drug: Midazolam

Interventions

  • Othermusic

    patients in this group will receive research-selected music after the golden moment has been completed between the patient, provider, and nursing staff

  • patients in this group will receive IV midazolam (1mg to 2mg max) after the golden moment has been completed

    Also known as: Hypnovel

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Anxiety Levels

    Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory 6 Scale range is from 20 to 80. Higher the score, the higher the anxiety level is.

    Time frame: 1-2 minutes before conducting golden moment for nerve block placement and immediately after nerve block placement (less than 1 minute after)

  2. Change in STAI-6 Scores From Post to Pre.

    Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory 6 Scale range is from 20 to 80. Higher the score, the higher the anxiety level is.

    Time frame: 1-2 minutes before conducting golden moment for nerve block placement and immediately after nerve block placement (less than 1 minute after)

Secondary outcomes

  1. Patient Satisfaction Scores of the Experience During Procedure

    survey which assess satisfaction on a 10-point numeric rating scale Scale ranges from 0 to 10. A higher number indicates a higher satisfaction

    Time frame: immediately after nerve block placement (less than 1 minute after)

  2. Provider Satisfaction Scores of the Experience During Procedure

    survey which assess satisfaction on a 10-point numeric rating scale Scale ranges from 0 to 10. A higher number indicates a higher satisfaction

    Time frame: immediately after nerve block placement (less than 1 minute after)

  3. Evaluation of Difficulties in Communication From Provider to Patient and Patient to Provider

    surveyed on a 5-point Likert scale Scale ranges from 1 to 5; the higher the number, the more difficult it is to communicate.

    Time frame: immediately after nerve block placement (less than 1 minute after)

  4. Block Times

    differences amongst music and midaz group

    Time frame: immediately after nerve block placement (less than 1 minute after)

07

Results

Posted Sep 10, 2019

Participant flow

Participant flow — Overall Study
MilestoneMusic GroupMidazolam Group
Started8080
Completed7777
Not completed33

Outcome measures

PrimaryAnxiety Levels

Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory 6 Scale range is from 20 to 80. Higher the score, the higher the anxiety level is.

Time frame:
1-2 minutes before conducting golden moment for nerve block placement and immediately after nerve block placement (less than 1 minute after)
Reported as:
Median · score on a scale
Anxiety Levels
score on a scaleMusic GroupMidazolam Group
Pre-STAI-6 Scores33.3 (23.3 to 41.7)30 (20 to 40)
Post-STAI-6 Scores30 (20 to 40)23.3 (20 to 33.3)
PrimaryChange in STAI-6 Scores From Post to Pre.

Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory 6 Scale range is from 20 to 80. Higher the score, the higher the anxiety level is.

Time frame:
1-2 minutes before conducting golden moment for nerve block placement and immediately after nerve block placement (less than 1 minute after)
Reported as:
Mean · score on a scale
Change in STAI-6 Scores From Post to Pre.
score on a scaleMusic GroupMidazolam Group
Change in STAI-6 Scores From Post to Pre.-1.6 ± 10.7-4.2 ± 11
SecondaryPatient Satisfaction Scores of the Experience During Procedure

survey which assess satisfaction on a 10-point numeric rating scale Scale ranges from 0 to 10. A higher number indicates a higher satisfaction

Time frame:
immediately after nerve block placement (less than 1 minute after)
Reported as:
Median · units on a scale
Patient Satisfaction Scores of the Experience During Procedure
units on a scaleMusic GroupMidazolam Group
Patient Satisfaction Scores of the Experience During Procedure8 (5 to 9)9 (7 to 10)
SecondaryProvider Satisfaction Scores of the Experience During Procedure

survey which assess satisfaction on a 10-point numeric rating scale Scale ranges from 0 to 10. A higher number indicates a higher satisfaction

Time frame:
immediately after nerve block placement (less than 1 minute after)
Reported as:
Median · units on a scale
Provider Satisfaction Scores of the Experience During Procedure
units on a scaleMusic GroupMidazolam Group
Provider Satisfaction Scores of the Experience During Procedure9 (8 to 10)10 (8 to 10)
SecondaryEvaluation of Difficulties in Communication From Provider to Patient and Patient to Provider

surveyed on a 5-point Likert scale Scale ranges from 1 to 5; the higher the number, the more difficult it is to communicate.

Time frame:
immediately after nerve block placement (less than 1 minute after)
Reported as:
Median · score on a scale
Evaluation of Difficulties in Communication From Provider to Patient and Patient to Provider
score on a scaleMusic GroupMidazolam Group
Patient Perspective on Communication1 (1 to 2)1 (1 to 1)
Physician Perspective on Communication1 (1 to 2)1 (1 to 1)
SecondaryBlock Times

differences amongst music and midaz group

Time frame:
immediately after nerve block placement (less than 1 minute after)
Reported as:
Mean · minutes
Block Times
minutesMusic GroupMidazolam Group
Block Times6.7 ± 4.27 ± 4.2

Adverse events

Collected over one year. Non-serious events are listed at a 0% frequency threshold.

Adverse event summary by group
GroupDeathsSeriousOther
Music Group0/77 (0%)0/77 (0%)0/77 (0%)
Midazolam Group0/80 (0%)0/80 (0%)0/80 (0%)

Baseline characteristics

there was incomplete collection of data and patients dropped out which resulted in 77 total analyzed participants in this group

Age, Categorical
Age, Categorical(Participants)Music GroupMidazolam GroupTotal
<=18 years000
Between 18 and 65 years7780157
>=65 years000
Age, Continuous
Age, Continuous(years)Music GroupMidazolam GroupTotal
Mean45 ± 15.646 ± 1645.5 ± 15.8
Sex: Female, Male
Sex: Female, Male(Participants)Music GroupMidazolam GroupTotal
Female5250102
Male253055
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Race/Ethnicity, Customized(Participants)Music GroupMidazolam GroupTotal
Race — White5250102
Race — Black212344
Race — Asian459
Race — Other022
08

Study locations

1 site
  • University of Pennsylvania
    Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
09

References and documents

Publications

  • Graff V, Cai L, Badiola I, Elkassabany NM. Music versus midazolam during preoperative nerve block placements: a prospective randomized controlled study. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2019 Jul 18:rapm-2018-100251. doi: 10.1136/rapm-2018-100251. Online ahead of print. PubMed 31320504 ↗

Study documents

  • Protocol and statistical analysis plan · Dec 18, 2017

Documents are hosted by the registry — open the source record to download them.

Individual participant data

Plan to share: No

10

Timeline

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
ElapsedEstimatedEstimated, not yet reachedSimilar studies: half by the dot; the band is the middle halfHalf of similar studies reached it by the dot; the band is the middle half, from a quarter to three quarters

Ran from Apr 2017 to primary completion in May 2018, 12 months.

Results were first posted in Sep 2019, 1 year 3 months after primary completion.

Of 31 phase 3 interventional studies under Anxiety Disorders, half reached primary completion within 19 months of starting (the median), counting those still running; a quarter within 11 and three quarters within 24. This study's 12 months is below that.

How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.

Registered
Feb 22, 2017
First posted
Mar 3, 2017
StartActual
Apr 12, 2017
Primary completionActual
May 11, 2018
CompletionActual
May 11, 2018
Results first posted
Sep 10, 2019
Last update
Sep 10, 2019
What these dates mean
Start.
When the first participant enrolled; while estimated, when the study expects to open to recruitment.
Primary completion.
When the last participant was examined or treated to collect data for the study's main question, its primary outcome. A study that stopped early gives the date its data collection stopped.
Completion.
When the last participant's last visit took place, for every outcome, secondary ones and side effects included: the end of the study. Often later than primary completion, sometimes the same day.
Actual and Est.
Actual means the registry says the date has happened. Est. (estimated) is a date the sponsor plans or expects. It can still move, and the sponsor is expected to change it to actual once it has passed.
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Sep 10, 2019, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
11

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT03069677
Responsible party
Sponsor
First posted
Mar 3, 2017
Start date
Apr 12, 2017
Primary completion
May 11, 2018
Completion
May 11, 2018
Results posted
Sep 10, 2019
Last update
Sep 10, 2019

Study contacts

Veena Graff, MD, MS
principal investigator · University of Pennsylvania, Anesthesia

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
Yes
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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This study is completed, as verified in Sep 2019. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

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Studies of the drug tested here: Midazolam

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