ClinicalTrials.gg
CompletedNCT03011515OBSERVERUpdated Oct 12, 2021

Evaluating a Host-response Based Diagnostic for Distinguishing Between Bacterial and Viral Etiology in Patients With Lower Respiratory Tract Infection (LRTI)

An observational study in Lower Respiratory Tract Infection, Acute Bronchitis and Pneumonia, sponsored by MeMed Diagnostics Ltd.. Completed at 1 site in Israel. Open to participants aged 18 Years and older, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2021-10-12.

Sponsored by MeMed Diagnostics Ltd. · Observational

Study type
Observational
Model
Cohort
Time perspective
Prospective
Enrollment
583
Ages
18 Years and older
Sex
All
01

Study summary

The purpose of this study is to validate the diagnostic accuracy of a novel host-response based diagnostic tool for differentiating between bacterial and viral etiologies in adult patients aged 18 years and older with clinical suspicion of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI)

02

Conditions studied

  • Lower Respiratory Tract Infection
  • Acute Bronchitis
  • Pneumonia
  • Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
  • Upper Respiratory Tract Infection
03

In context

Bronchitis

156 studies on the registry are indexed under Bronchitis; 21 are open to participants now.

This study's enrollment of 583 is below the median of 1,000 across 45 observational studies indexed under Bronchitis.

Browse Bronchitis studies →

Lead sponsor

MeMed Diagnostics Ltd. is the lead sponsor of 13 studies on the registry; 1 is open to participants now.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years and older
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
Yes
Sampling method
Non-probability sample

Study population

The study population will include eligible patients aged 18 years and older of both genders that attend the emergency department or affiliated community clinics due to a suspected LRTI, or due to a non-infectious disease.

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  • Patients aged 18 years and older who agree (or their legal guardian agree) to sign an will be eligible for inclusion.
  • The LRTI cohorts should also fulfill the following criteria:

    • Peak measured (not tactile, self-reported acceptable) temperature ≥ 37.8°C (100°F) within the last 7 days (AND)
    • Symptoms duration ≤7 days (AND)
    • Clinical suspicion of LRTI or pneumonia

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Oral/intravenous/intramuscular antibiotic treatment of over 48/12/12 hours' duration at time of enrollment (respectively), unless temperature ≥ 37.8°C was measured within the last 2 days
  • Another episode of an acute infection during the last 2 weeks
  • Congenital immune deficiency (CID)
  • A proven or suspected (HIV)-1, virus (HBV), or virus (HCV) infection
  • Active
  • Pregnancy
  • Current treatment with immune-suppressive or immune-modulating therapies including without limitations:

    • Use of high dose >1 mg/kg/day prednisone or equivalent in the past two weeks
    • Monoclonal antibodies
    • Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG)
    • Cyclosporine, Cyclophosphamide, Tacrolimus
    • Granulocyte/Monocyte colony stimulating factor (G/GM-CSF)
    • Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) agents
    • Interferon (of all kinds)
  • Other severe illnesses that affect and quality of life such as:

    • Moderate to severe psychomotor retardation
    • Post-transplant patients (including solid organs, /autologous stem cell transplantation)
    • Moderate to severe congenital metabolic disorder
Terms in these criteria, in plain language(8)

Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.

Informed consent

Before you join, the study team explains what taking part involves — its purpose, what happens, the risks and possible benefits — and answers your questions, so you can decide freely. Consent is usually recorded on a form (the informed consent form, ICF) signed by you or, where the law allows, by someone legally authorised to decide for you.

You can keep asking questions during the study, you are told of new information that matters, and you can choose to leave at any time.

HIV

The human immunodeficiency virus, which weakens the immune system.

Many studies now accept people whose HIV is controlled on treatment, judged by the viral load and the CD4 count. Check the limits this study sets.

Hepatitis B tests

Hepatitis B is a virus that infects the liver. These are separate tests: HBsAg positive usually means a current infection (a recent vaccination can briefly cause it too); total anti-HBc (HBcAb) positive means an infection now or in the past; HBV DNA measures how much virus is in the blood.

Some studies accept a past infection if HBV DNA is undetectable, sometimes with antiviral medicine during the study. Check what this study allows.

Hepatitis C tests

Hepatitis C is a virus that infects the liver. An HCV antibody test can stay positive after an infection has cleared (and is occasionally positive without one); an HCV RNA test shows whether the virus is there now.

After treatment, hepatitis C counts as cured when HCV RNA is still undetectable 12 weeks or more after the treatment ended. Studies often accept people cured this way.

Cancer (malignancy)

Malignancy means cancer. Criteria about another or earlier malignancy ask whether you have had a different cancer, usually within a set number of years.

Some are commonly allowed, such as treated skin cancers other than melanoma and early cancers removed completely — check the exceptions this study lists.

Corticosteroids (steroids)

Anti-inflammatory medicines such as prednisone, prednisolone and dexamethasone — not the anabolic steroids used for muscle.

Studies differ in what they allow: check which steroid medicines, routes (tablets, injections, creams, inhalers, eye drops) and doses this study accepts.

Life expectancy

The study doctor’s estimate of how long someone is likely to live. Criteria use it so that people can stay in the study long enough for it to answer its question.

Allogeneic and autologous transplant

Stem cell (bone marrow) transplants. Allogeneic uses cells from a donor; autologous uses your own cells, collected earlier and given back.

05

Study design

Observational model
Cohort
Time perspective
Prospective
Enrollment
583 participants (actual)
Patient registry
No
Biospecimen retention
Samples without dna

Groups and cohorts

  • LRTI patients

    Patients with suspicion of LRTI, excluding episodes of COPD exacerbations

  • Non-infectious patients

    Afebrile patients with no apparent infectious disease

  • LRTI patients with COPD

    Patients with suspicion of LRTI in a sub-group of patients with COPD

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. To externally validate the diagnostic accuracy of a host-response based diagnostic tool called ImmunoXpert™, for differentiating between bacterial and viral etiologies in adult patients aged 18 years and older with clinical suspicion of LRTI

    Time frame: 0-6 days after the initiation of symptoms

Secondary outcomes

  1. To compare the diagnostic accuracy of ImmunoXpert™ to currently available lab measures (WBC, ANC, PCT, CRP), using sensitivity and specificity measures and predetermined cutoffs

    Time frame: 0-6 days after the initiation of symptoms

  2. To compare ImmunoXpert™ results with the physician suspected diagnosis at time of patient recruitment and compared to the reference standard diagnosis

    Time frame: 0-6 days after the initiation of symptoms

  3. To estimate the potential improvement in health and economic outcomes following the usage of ImmunoXpert™ compared to current practice

    Time frame: 0-6 days after the initiation of symptoms

  4. To estimate the diagnostic accuracy of ImmunoXpert™ in differentiating between infectious vs non-infectious patients

    Time frame: 0-6 days after the initiation of symptoms

07

Study locations

1 site
  • Rambam Health Care Campus
    Haifa, 3109601, Israel
08

References and documents

Publications

  • Oved K, Cohen A, Boico O, Navon R, Friedman T, Etshtein L, Kriger O, Bamberger E, Fonar Y, Yacobov R, Wolchinsky R, Denkberg G, Dotan Y, Hochberg A, Reiter Y, Grupper M, Srugo I, Feigin P, Gorfine M, Chistyakov I, Dagan R, Klein A, Potasman I, Eden E. A novel host-proteome signature for distinguishing between acute bacterial and viral infections. PLoS One. 2015 Mar 18;10(3):e0120012. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120012. eCollection 2015. PubMed 25785720 ↗
  • Eden E, Srugo I, Gottlieb T, Navon R, Boico O, Cohen A, Bamberger E, Klein A, Oved K. Diagnostic accuracy of a TRAIL, IP-10 and CRP combination for discriminating bacterial and viral etiologies at the Emergency Department. J Infect. 2016 Aug;73(2):177-80. doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2016.05.002. Epub 2016 May 30. No abstract available. PubMed 27255416 ↗
  • van Houten CB, de Groot JAH, Klein A, Srugo I, Chistyakov I, de Waal W, Meijssen CB, Avis W, Wolfs TFW, Shachor-Meyouhas Y, Stein M, Sanders EAM, Bont LJ. A host-protein based assay to differentiate between bacterial and viral infections in preschool children (OPPORTUNITY): a double-blind, multicentre, validation study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2017 Apr;17(4):431-440. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(16)30519-9. Epub 2016 Dec 22. PubMed 28012942 ↗

Related links

09

Timeline

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
ElapsedEstimatedEstimated, not yet reached

Ran from Mar 2017 to primary completion in Jan 2018, 9 months.

How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.

Registered
Jan 4, 2017
First posted
Jan 5, 2017
StartActual
Mar 10, 2017
Primary completionActual
Jan 1, 2018
CompletionActual
Jan 7, 2020
Last update
Oct 12, 2021
What these dates mean
Start.
When the first participant enrolled; while estimated, when the study expects to open to recruitment.
Primary completion.
When the last participant was examined or treated to collect data for the study's main question, its primary outcome. A study that stopped early gives the date its data collection stopped.
Completion.
When the last participant's last visit took place, for every outcome, secondary ones and side effects included: the end of the study. Often later than primary completion, sometimes the same day.
Actual and Est.
Actual means the registry says the date has happened. Est. (estimated) is a date the sponsor plans or expects. It can still move, and the sponsor is expected to change it to actual once it has passed.
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Oct 12, 2021, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT03011515
Lead sponsor
MeMed Diagnostics Ltd.
Responsible party
Sponsor
First posted
Jan 5, 2017
Start date
Mar 10, 2017
Primary completion
Jan 1, 2018
Completion
Jan 7, 2020
Last update
Oct 12, 2021

Study contacts

Mical Paul, MD
principal investigator · Rambam Health Care Campus

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

Not currently enrolling

This study is completed, as verified in Oct 2021. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

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Discussion

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