An observational study in Atrial Fibrillation, sponsored by Boehringer Ingelheim. Completed at 1 site in United States. Open to participants aged 18 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2019-03-22.
Sponsored by Boehringer Ingelheim · Observational
The objectives of this study are, first, to identify select clinical covariates from electronic medical records (EMR) that might be associated with initiation of oral anticoagulant medications (dabigatran or warfarin) in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) at risk for stroke; second, to quantify the association between EMR-based clinical characteristics and patterns of insurance claims; third, to assess the potential for unmeasured confounding in dabigatran vs warfarin comparative effectiveness and safety studies based on administrative claims databases.
3,870 studies on the registry are indexed under Atrial Fibrillation; 924 are open to participants now.
This study's enrollment of 140,187 is above the median of 300 across 1,363 observational studies indexed under Atrial Fibrillation.
Browse Atrial Fibrillation studies →Boehringer Ingelheim is the lead sponsor of 2,245 studies on the registry; 58 are open to participants now.
Of its 162 completed or terminated interventional studies of FDA-regulated products, 116 (72%) have results posted.
Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.
Patients with a recorded diagnosis of atrial fibrillation without evidence of valvular etiology and at risk for stroke
Exclusion Criteria:
NVAF patients initiating dabigatran etexilate
Drug: Dabigatran etexilate
NVAF patients initiating warfarin
Drug: Warfarin
observed upto 12 months
Also known as: MICARDIS, PRITOR, TELMISARTAN
Observed upto 12 months
Percentage of Patients With Obesity
Percentage of patients with obesity; where obesity is defined as "obese, not-obese based on note of obesity or recorded body mass index (BMI) \> 30 in the electronic medical records (EMR)". The results are provided before and after propensity score (PS) matching. Before PS matching: all patients meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria successfully linked to EMR whose data were available; After PS matching: all patients meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria successfully linked to EMR, 1:1 propensity score matched, whose data were available.
Time frame: Up to 12 months
Percentage of Patients Smoking
Percentage of patients with current/past smoking in the electronic medical records (EMR) are presented. The results are provided before and after propensity score (PS) matching. Before PS matching: all patients meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria successfully linked to EMR whose data were available; After PS matching: all patients meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria successfully linked to EMR, 1:1 propensity score matched, whose data were available.
Time frame: Up to 12 months
Percentage of Patients With Alcohol Consumption
Percentage of patients with alcohol consumption in the electronic medical records (EMR) are presented. The patients with light to moderate, heavy and unknown quantity of alcohol consumption are considered. The results are provided before and after propensity score (PS) matching. Before PS matching: all patients meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria successfully linked to EMR whose data were available; After PS matching: all patients meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria successfully linked to EMR, 1:1 propensity score matched, whose data were available.
Time frame: Up to 12 months
Percentage of Patients With Abnormal Renal Function
Percentage of patients with abnormal renal function; defined as "Any note of: Dialysis, renal transplant Serum Creatinine \>1.3 Milligrams per Deciliter (mg/dL) in the electronic medical records (EMR)". Response was considered to be truly absent if not recorded in the EMR. The results are provided before and after propensity score (PS) matching. Before PS matching: all patients meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria successfully linked to EMR whose data were available; After PS matching: all patients meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria successfully linked to EMR, 1:1 propensity score matched, whose data were available.
Time frame: Up to 12 months
Percentage of Patients With Bleeding History or Predisposition
Percentage of patients with bleeding history or predisposition is presented, defined as any note of major bleeding requiring hospitalization or blood transfusion or causing a decrease in hemoglobin level of \> 2 gram per liter (g/L) in the electronic medical records (EMR). Response was considered to be truly absent if not recorded in the EMR. The results are provided before and after propensity score (PS) matching. Before PS matching: all patients meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria successfully linked to EMR whose data were available; After PS matching: all patients meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria successfully linked to EMR, 1:1 propensity score matched, whose data were available.
Time frame: Up to 12 months
EMR Characteristic: Renal Function - Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)
EMR characteristic: Renal function - Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR). Estimated GFR closest to index dispensing. The results are provided before and after propensity score (PS) matching. Before PS matching: all patients meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria successfully linked to EMR whose data were available; After PS matching: all patients meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria successfully linked to EMR, 1:1 propensity score matched, whose data were available.
Time frame: Up to 12 months
EMR Characteristic: Serum Creatinine
EMR characteristic: Serum Creatinine closest to index dispensing. The results are provided before and after propensity score (PS) matching. Before PS matching: all patients meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria successfully linked to EMR whose data were available; After PS matching: all patients meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria successfully linked to EMR, 1:1 propensity score matched, whose data were available.
Time frame: Up to 12 months
Percentage of Patients With Abnormal Liver Function
Percentage of patients with abnormal liver function; defined as "Any note of: Liver disease, cirrhosis, Active hepatitis C, Active hepatitis B, Active hepatitis A, aspartate transaminase/alanine transaminase (AST/ALT) \>3 times upper limit of normal in the electronic medical records (EMR). Absence of any note would be considered as absence of the disease". Response was considered to be truly absent if not recorded in the EMR. The results are provided before and after propensity score (PS) matching. Before PS matching: all patients meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria successfully linked to EMR whose data were available; After PS matching: all patients meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria successfully linked to EMR, 1:1 propensity score matched, whose data were available.
Time frame: Up to 12 months
EMR Characteristic: Duration of Atrial Fibrillation
EMR characteristic: Duration of atrial fibrillation (Years / months prior to initiation of Dabigatran / Warfarin). Duration is defined as number of months prior to index date for the earliest note. The results are provided before and after propensity score (PS) matching. Before PS matching: all patients meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria successfully linked to EMR whose data were available; After PS matching: all patients meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria successfully linked to EMR, 1:1 propensity score matched, whose data were available.
Time frame: Up to 12 months
EMR Characteristic: History of Adherence: Non-adherent/Adherent
EMR characteristic: History of adherence: non-adherent/adherent.
Time frame: Up to 12 months
EMR Characteristic: History/Duration of Hypertension
EMR characteristic: History/duration of hypertension. Any note of: Hypertension systolic blood pressure (SBP) \>120 millimeters of mercury (mmHg) Hypertension drugs. Duration is defined as number of months prior to index date for the earliest note. The results are provided before and after propensity score (PS) matching. Before PS matching: all patients meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria successfully linked to EMR whose data were available; After PS matching: all patients meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria successfully linked to EMR, 1:1 propensity score matched, whose data were available.
Time frame: Up to 12 months
Percentage of Patients With Uncontrolled Hypertension
Percentage of patients with uncontrolled hypertension; defined as "SBP \>160 mmHg using the most recent information prior to index date in the electronic medical records (EMR)". The results are provided before and after propensity score (PS) matching. Before PS matching: all patients meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria successfully linked to EMR whose data were available; After PS matching: all patients meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria successfully linked to EMR, 1:1 propensity score matched, whose data were available.
Time frame: Up to 12 months
EMR Characteristic: History/Duration of Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)
EMR characteristic: History/duration of Congestive Heart Failure (CHF). Duration is defined as number of months prior to index date for the earliest note. Response was considered to be truly absent if not recorded in the EMR. The results are provided before and after propensity score (PS) matching. Before PS matching: all patients meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria successfully linked to EMR whose data were available; After PS matching: all patients meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria successfully linked to EMR, 1:1 propensity score matched, whose data were available.
Time frame: Up to 12 months
Percentage of Patients With Prior Transient Ischemic Attack
Percentage of patients with any note of prior transient ischemic attack in the electronic medical records (EMR). Response was considered to be truly absent if not recorded in the EMR. The results are provided before and after propensity score (PS) matching. Before PS matching: all patients meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria successfully linked to EMR whose data were available; After PS matching: all patients meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria successfully linked to EMR, 1:1 propensity score matched, whose data were available.
Time frame: Up to 12 months
Percentage of Patients With Diabetes
Percentage of patients with any note of diabetes type I or II in the electronic medical records (EMR) is presented. Response was considered to be truly absent if not recorded in the EMR. The results are provided before and after propensity score (PS) matching. Before PS matching: all patients meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria successfully linked to EMR whose data were available; After PS matching: all patients meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria successfully linked to EMR, 1:1 propensity score matched, whose data were available.
Time frame: Up to 12 months
Percentage of Patients With Hyperlipidemia
Percentage of patients with hyperlipidemia is presented, defined as any note of hyperlipidemia, dyslipidemia or Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) \>130 mg/dl in the electronic medical records (EMR). Response was considered to be truly absent if not recorded in the EMR. The results are provided before and after propensity score (PS) matching. Before PS matching: all patients meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria successfully linked to EMR whose data were available; After PS matching: all patients meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria successfully linked to EMR, 1:1 propensity score matched, whose data were available.
Time frame: Up to 12 months
EMR Characteristic: Hypertension, Abnormal Liver/Renal Function, Stroke, Bleeding History or Predisposition, Labile International Normalized Ratio, Elderly, Drugs/Alcohol Usage (HAS-BLED) Score
EMR characteristic: HAS-BLED Score. HAS-BLED score is calculated by adding the specified points for each of the conditions listed below. Hypertension (uncontrolled), Abnormal renal and liver function, Stroke, Bleeding history or predisposition (anemia), Labile International Normalized Ratio (INR), Elderly, Drugs or alcohol (1 point each). Labile INR is defined as as the most recent INR \<2 or \>3 prior to cohort entry. Conditions are considered to be truly absent if not recorded in the EMR. The results are provided before and after propensity score (PS) matching. Before PS matching: all patients meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria successfully linked to EMR whose data were available; After PS matching: all patients meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria successfully linked to EMR, 1:1 propensity score matched, whose data were available.
Time frame: Up to 12 months
Percentage of Patients With Use of Antiplatelets or Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs
Percentage of patients with use of antiplatelets or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Includes use of aspirin, clopidogrel, prasugrel, ticagrelor or NSAIDs (within 1 month or on the index date) in the electronic medical records (EMR). Response was considered to be truly absent if not recorded in the EMR. The results are provided before and after propensity score (PS) matching. Before PS matching: all patients meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria successfully linked to EMR whose data were available; After PS matching: all patients meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria successfully linked to EMR, 1:1 propensity score matched, whose data were available.
Time frame: Up to 1 month
A validation study; Patients from a United States health insurance database (linked to electronic medical records (EMR) in a subset) with a recorded diagnosis of atrial fibrillation without evidence of valvular aetiology and at risk for stroke who initiate dabigatran or warfarin between October 2010 and December 2014.
| Milestone | Dabigatran Etexilate | Warfarin | Rivaroxaban | Apixaban |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Started | 26199 | 70071 | 32595 | 11322 |
| Completed | 1130 | 2566 | 1602 | 637 |
| Not completed | 25069 | 67505 | 30993 | 10685 |
| Withdrew: Not linked in the emr | 25069 | 67505 | 30993 | 10685 |
Percentage of patients with obesity; where obesity is defined as "obese, not-obese based on note of obesity or recorded body mass index (BMI) \> 30 in the electronic medical records (EMR)". The results are provided before and after propensity score (PS) matching. Before PS matching: all patients meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria successfully linked to EMR whose data were available; After PS matching: all patients meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria successfully linked to EMR, 1:1 propensity score matched, whose data were available.
| Percentage of patients | Dabigatran Etexilate | Warfarin |
|---|---|---|
| Before PS matching | 58.2 | 51.7 |
| After PS matching | 57.4 | 54.2 |
Percentage of patients with current/past smoking in the electronic medical records (EMR) are presented. The results are provided before and after propensity score (PS) matching. Before PS matching: all patients meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria successfully linked to EMR whose data were available; After PS matching: all patients meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria successfully linked to EMR, 1:1 propensity score matched, whose data were available.
| Percentage of patients | Dabigatran Etexilate | Warfarin |
|---|---|---|
| Before PS matching | 50.0 | 51.8 |
| After PS matching | 50.0 | 50.5 |
Percentage of patients with alcohol consumption in the electronic medical records (EMR) are presented. The patients with light to moderate, heavy and unknown quantity of alcohol consumption are considered. The results are provided before and after propensity score (PS) matching. Before PS matching: all patients meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria successfully linked to EMR whose data were available; After PS matching: all patients meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria successfully linked to EMR, 1:1 propensity score matched, whose data were available.
| Percentage of patients | Dabigatran Etexilate | Warfarin |
|---|---|---|
| Before PS matching | 47.1 | 50.9 |
| After PS matching | 50.0 | 38.9 |
Percentage of patients with abnormal renal function; defined as "Any note of: Dialysis, renal transplant Serum Creatinine \>1.3 Milligrams per Deciliter (mg/dL) in the electronic medical records (EMR)". Response was considered to be truly absent if not recorded in the EMR. The results are provided before and after propensity score (PS) matching. Before PS matching: all patients meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria successfully linked to EMR whose data were available; After PS matching: all patients meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria successfully linked to EMR, 1:1 propensity score matched, whose data were available.
| Percentage of patients | Dabigatran Etexilate | Warfarin |
|---|---|---|
| Before PS matching | 5.5 | 11.7 |
| After PS matching | 6.5 | 8.0 |
Percentage of patients with bleeding history or predisposition is presented, defined as any note of major bleeding requiring hospitalization or blood transfusion or causing a decrease in hemoglobin level of \> 2 gram per liter (g/L) in the electronic medical records (EMR). Response was considered to be truly absent if not recorded in the EMR. The results are provided before and after propensity score (PS) matching. Before PS matching: all patients meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria successfully linked to EMR whose data were available; After PS matching: all patients meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria successfully linked to EMR, 1:1 propensity score matched, whose data were available.
| Percentage of patients | Dabigatran Etexilate | Warfarin |
|---|---|---|
| Before PS matching | 3.4 | 4.7 |
| After PS matching | 3.7 | 4.6 |
EMR characteristic: Renal function - Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR). Estimated GFR closest to index dispensing. The results are provided before and after propensity score (PS) matching. Before PS matching: all patients meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria successfully linked to EMR whose data were available; After PS matching: all patients meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria successfully linked to EMR, 1:1 propensity score matched, whose data were available.
| Milliliter/minute/1.73 square meter | Dabigatran Etexilate | Warfarin |
|---|---|---|
| Before PS matching | 86.5 ± 21.6 | 78.3 ± 25.1 |
| After PS matching | 85.4 ± 21.9 | 83.4 ± 23.5 |
EMR characteristic: Serum Creatinine closest to index dispensing. The results are provided before and after propensity score (PS) matching. Before PS matching: all patients meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria successfully linked to EMR whose data were available; After PS matching: all patients meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria successfully linked to EMR, 1:1 propensity score matched, whose data were available.
| Milligrams per deciliter | Dabigatran Etexilate | Warfarin |
|---|---|---|
| Before PS matching | 1.0 ± 0.3 | 1.1 ± 0.6 |
| After PS matching | 1.0 ± 0.3 | 1.0 ± 0.4 |
Percentage of patients with abnormal liver function; defined as "Any note of: Liver disease, cirrhosis, Active hepatitis C, Active hepatitis B, Active hepatitis A, aspartate transaminase/alanine transaminase (AST/ALT) \>3 times upper limit of normal in the electronic medical records (EMR). Absence of any note would be considered as absence of the disease". Response was considered to be truly absent if not recorded in the EMR. The results are provided before and after propensity score (PS) matching. Before PS matching: all patients meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria successfully linked to EMR whose data were available; After PS matching: all patients meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria successfully linked to EMR, 1:1 propensity score matched, whose data were available.
| Percentage of patients | Dabigatran Etexilate | Warfarin |
|---|---|---|
| Before PS matching | 0.5 | 0.7 |
| After PS matching | 0.5 | 0.0 |
EMR characteristic: Duration of atrial fibrillation (Years / months prior to initiation of Dabigatran / Warfarin). Duration is defined as number of months prior to index date for the earliest note. The results are provided before and after propensity score (PS) matching. Before PS matching: all patients meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria successfully linked to EMR whose data were available; After PS matching: all patients meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria successfully linked to EMR, 1:1 propensity score matched, whose data were available.
| Months | Dabigatran Etexilate | Warfarin |
|---|---|---|
| Before PS matching | 22.5 ± 33.8 | 26.4 ± 32.5 |
| After PS matching | 22.7 ± 35.2 | 25.4 ± 33.0 |
EMR characteristic: History of adherence: non-adherent/adherent.
No measurements were reported for this outcome.
EMR characteristic: History/duration of hypertension. Any note of: Hypertension systolic blood pressure (SBP) \>120 millimeters of mercury (mmHg) Hypertension drugs. Duration is defined as number of months prior to index date for the earliest note. The results are provided before and after propensity score (PS) matching. Before PS matching: all patients meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria successfully linked to EMR whose data were available; After PS matching: all patients meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria successfully linked to EMR, 1:1 propensity score matched, whose data were available.
| Months | Dabigatran Etexilate | Warfarin |
|---|---|---|
| Before PS matching | 42.4 ± 42.8 | 43.8 ± 41.5 |
| After PS matching | 43.6 ± 43.7 | 40.9 ± 40.6 |
Percentage of patients with uncontrolled hypertension; defined as "SBP \>160 mmHg using the most recent information prior to index date in the electronic medical records (EMR)". The results are provided before and after propensity score (PS) matching. Before PS matching: all patients meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria successfully linked to EMR whose data were available; After PS matching: all patients meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria successfully linked to EMR, 1:1 propensity score matched, whose data were available.
| Percentage of patients | Dabigatran Etexilate | Warfarin |
|---|---|---|
| Before PS matching | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| After PS matching | 0.0 | 0.0 |
EMR characteristic: History/duration of Congestive Heart Failure (CHF). Duration is defined as number of months prior to index date for the earliest note. Response was considered to be truly absent if not recorded in the EMR. The results are provided before and after propensity score (PS) matching. Before PS matching: all patients meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria successfully linked to EMR whose data were available; After PS matching: all patients meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria successfully linked to EMR, 1:1 propensity score matched, whose data were available.
| Months | Dabigatran Etexilate | Warfarin |
|---|---|---|
| Before PS matching | 28.2 ± 30.8 | 38.3 ± 38.6 |
| After PS matching | 26.0 ± 30.1 | 33.9 ± 38.0 |
Percentage of patients with any note of prior transient ischemic attack in the electronic medical records (EMR). Response was considered to be truly absent if not recorded in the EMR. The results are provided before and after propensity score (PS) matching. Before PS matching: all patients meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria successfully linked to EMR whose data were available; After PS matching: all patients meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria successfully linked to EMR, 1:1 propensity score matched, whose data were available.
| Percentage of patients | Dabigatran Etexilate | Warfarin |
|---|---|---|
| Before PS matching | 1.6 | 2.1 |
| After PS matching | 1.4 | 2.4 |
Percentage of patients with any note of diabetes type I or II in the electronic medical records (EMR) is presented. Response was considered to be truly absent if not recorded in the EMR. The results are provided before and after propensity score (PS) matching. Before PS matching: all patients meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria successfully linked to EMR whose data were available; After PS matching: all patients meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria successfully linked to EMR, 1:1 propensity score matched, whose data were available.
| Percentage of patients | Dabigatran Etexilate | Warfarin |
|---|---|---|
| Before PS matching | 13.4 | 18.2 |
| After PS matching | 14.7 | 14.5 |
Percentage of patients with hyperlipidemia is presented, defined as any note of hyperlipidemia, dyslipidemia or Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) \>130 mg/dl in the electronic medical records (EMR). Response was considered to be truly absent if not recorded in the EMR. The results are provided before and after propensity score (PS) matching. Before PS matching: all patients meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria successfully linked to EMR whose data were available; After PS matching: all patients meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria successfully linked to EMR, 1:1 propensity score matched, whose data were available.
| Percentage of patients | Dabigatran Etexilate | Warfarin |
|---|---|---|
| Before PS matching | 34.8 | 36.8 |
| After PS matching | 35.6 | 34.0 |
EMR characteristic: HAS-BLED Score. HAS-BLED score is calculated by adding the specified points for each of the conditions listed below. Hypertension (uncontrolled), Abnormal renal and liver function, Stroke, Bleeding history or predisposition (anemia), Labile International Normalized Ratio (INR), Elderly, Drugs or alcohol (1 point each). Labile INR is defined as as the most recent INR \<2 or \>3 prior to cohort entry. Conditions are considered to be truly absent if not recorded in the EMR. The results are provided before and after propensity score (PS) matching. Before PS matching: all patients meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria successfully linked to EMR whose data were available; After PS matching: all patients meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria successfully linked to EMR, 1:1 propensity score matched, whose data were available.
| Unit on Scale | Dabigatran Etexilate | Warfarin |
|---|---|---|
| Before PS matching | 1.4 ± 1.0 | 1.6 ± 1.0 |
| After PS matching | 1.5 ± 1.0 | 1.5 ± 1.0 |
Percentage of patients with use of antiplatelets or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Includes use of aspirin, clopidogrel, prasugrel, ticagrelor or NSAIDs (within 1 month or on the index date) in the electronic medical records (EMR). Response was considered to be truly absent if not recorded in the EMR. The results are provided before and after propensity score (PS) matching. Before PS matching: all patients meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria successfully linked to EMR whose data were available; After PS matching: all patients meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria successfully linked to EMR, 1:1 propensity score matched, whose data were available.
| Percentage of patients | Dabigatran Etexilate | Warfarin |
|---|---|---|
| Before PS matching | 18.0 | 18.4 |
| After PS matching | 17.1 | 18.7 |
Collected over Safety monitoring and safety reporting on an individual case level is not applicable.. Non-serious events are listed at a 5% frequency threshold.
| Group | Deaths | Serious | Other |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dabigatran Etexilate | — | — | — |
| Warfarin | — | — | — |
| Rivaroxaban | — | — | — |
| Apixaban | — | — | — |
Baseline characteristics are based on all patients who successfully linked in the EMR
| Age, Continuous(Years) | Dabigatran Etexilate | Warfarin | Rivaroxaban | Apixaban | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | 65.1 ± 11.4 | 69.3 ± 11.3 | 66.2 ± 11.1 | 67.3 ± 11.4 | 67.4 ± 11.4 |
| Sex: Female, Male(Participants) | Dabigatran Etexilate | Warfarin | Rivaroxaban | Apixaban | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Female | 432 | 1006 | 600 | 250 | 2288 |
| Male | 698 | 1560 | 1002 | 387 | 3647 |
| Race and Ethnicity Not Collected(Participants) | Dabigatran Etexilate | Warfarin | Rivaroxaban | Apixaban | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Count of participants | — | — | — | — | 0 |
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Boehringer Ingelheim