A Phase 4 interventional study of Apidra and current insulin in Type 1 Diabetes and Lipoatrophy, sponsored by Kinderkrankenhaus auf der Bult. Completed. Open to participants aged 6 Years to 40 Years. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2024-10-15.
Sponsored by Kinderkrankenhaus auf der Bult · Phase 4, Interventional, and Treatment
The purpose of this study is to investigate whether a zinc-free insulin is an effective treatment option for lipoatrophy in patients with type 1 Diabetes (T1D) and insulin pump (CSII, continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion) therapy.
Randomized, controlled, open-label parallel study. Clinical Study Phase IV After being included in the study, subjects are getting an extensive dermatological examination by a pediatric dermatologist familiar with cutaneous complications of T1D, additionally pathological results will be documented by photography and, if necessary, videodermoscopy. Additionally, an evaluation of their lipoatrophic areas using imaging methods like ultrasound (USG) and MRI will be performed. After randomization, half of the included children switch their pump insulin into insulin glulisine (intervention group) for 6 months. The others continue their current treatment (control group) and switch to insulin glulisine 6 months later. Both groups are followed-up until month 12. Hence, after the 4th visit at 6 months, all enrolled patients are on insulin glulisine pumps for a further period of 6 months.
3,754 studies on the registry are indexed under Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; 600 are open to participants now.
This study's enrollment of 14 is below the median of 40 across 2,820 interventional studies indexed under Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1.
Browse Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 studies →Kinderkrankenhaus auf der Bult is the lead sponsor of 14 studies on the registry; 1 is open to participants now.
Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.
Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.
Exclusion Criteria:
Target Disease Exclusions
Physical and Laboratory Test Findings
Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Before you join, the study team explains what taking part involves — its purpose, what happens, the risks and possible benefits — and answers your questions, so you can decide freely. Consent is usually recorded on a form (the informed consent form, ICF) signed by you or, where the law allows, by someone legally authorised to decide for you.
You can keep asking questions during the study, you are told of new information that matters, and you can choose to leave at any time.
Anti-inflammatory medicines such as prednisone, prednisolone and dexamethasone — not the anabolic steroids used for muscle.
Studies differ in what they allow: check which steroid medicines, routes (tablets, injections, creams, inhalers, eye drops) and doses this study accepts.
An allergy, or another reaction of the immune system, to a substance. “Hypersensitivity to the study drug” means a known allergic reaction to it — not every side effect a medicine can have.
A drug or device being studied in a clinical trial.
It may be new, or already approved and being studied for another use, dose or form. Criteria often leave out people who took part in another study of one within a recent period, commonly 30 days or five half-lives.
A “mini-stroke”: temporary stroke-like symptoms caused by reduced blood flow to part of the brain, spinal cord or eye, without signs of a new stroke on a scan.
Stroke symptoms need emergency care at once, even if they go away.
Two enzymes measured in a routine blood test of the liver. Higher levels can mean the liver is under strain or damaged. SGPT and SGOT are older names for ALT and AST.
Criteria usually give a limit as a multiple of the upper limit of normal (ULN), often higher when cancer has spread to the liver.
Able to become pregnant: from the first period until menopause, unless permanently unable to through surgery (removal of the womb, or of both ovaries or both fallopian tubes).
Criteria for people of childbearing potential usually ask for a negative pregnancy test and for contraception during the study and for a time after it.
Ways of preventing pregnancy. “Highly effective” methods fail less than 1% of the time a year when used correctly — for example an IUD or an implant.
Criteria usually say which methods count and how long to keep using them after the last dose, sometimes for male participants too. Some studies accept a partner’s vasectomy if it was confirmed successful and that person is the participant’s only sexual partner.
Weight in kilograms divided by height in metres squared. Example: 70 kg and 1.75 m gives 70 ÷ (1.75 × 1.75) ≈ 22.9.
What counts as overweight or obesity differs between countries (some use lower cut-offs), so go by the range the study states.
The top of the normal range for a blood test, as set by the laboratory that runs it. Each lab prints its own range next to your result.
“≤ 2.5 × ULN” means the result can be up to two and a half times that top value.
A yellow substance made when red blood cells are broken down, which the liver clears. A high level can mean a problem with the liver or the bile ducts.
Criteria often allow more for people with Gilbert’s syndrome, a harmless inherited condition that raises bilirubin.
GFR (glomerular filtration rate) is how much blood the kidneys filter each minute. It is usually estimated from a blood test — eGFR, by formulas such as CKD-EPI or MDRD — and some studies ask for it to be measured directly instead. Usually given in mL/min/1.73 m².
Check the method, the units and the minimum the study states. A value of 90 or above is in the normal-or-high range, but kidney damage can show in other tests too.
The protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen. A low level is anaemia, which can cause tiredness and breathlessness. Measured in g/dL or g/L (9 g/dL is 90 g/L).
Hepatitis B is a virus that infects the liver. These are separate tests: HBsAg positive usually means a current infection (a recent vaccination can briefly cause it too); total anti-HBc (HBcAb) positive means an infection now or in the past; HBV DNA measures how much virus is in the blood.
Some studies accept a past infection if HBV DNA is undetectable, sometimes with antiviral medicine during the study. Check what this study allows.
Hepatitis C is a virus that infects the liver. An HCV antibody test can stay positive after an infection has cleared (and is occasionally positive without one); an HCV RNA test shows whether the virus is there now.
After treatment, hepatitis C counts as cured when HCV RNA is still undetectable 12 weeks or more after the treatment ended. Studies often accept people cured this way.
Informed consent
Before you join, the study team explains what taking part involves — its purpose, what happens, the risks and possible benefits — and answers your questions, so you can decide freely. Consent is usually recorded on a form (the informed consent form, ICF) signed by you or, where the law allows, by someone legally authorised to decide for you.
You can keep asking questions during the study, you are told of new information that matters, and you can choose to leave at any time.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Corticosteroids (steroids)
Anti-inflammatory medicines such as prednisone, prednisolone and dexamethasone — not the anabolic steroids used for muscle.
Studies differ in what they allow: check which steroid medicines, routes (tablets, injections, creams, inhalers, eye drops) and doses this study accepts.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Hypersensitivity
An allergy, or another reaction of the immune system, to a substance. “Hypersensitivity to the study drug” means a known allergic reaction to it — not every side effect a medicine can have.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Investigational drug or device
A drug or device being studied in a clinical trial.
It may be new, or already approved and being studied for another use, dose or form. Criteria often leave out people who took part in another study of one within a recent period, commonly 30 days or five half-lives.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
TIA (transient ischaemic attack)
A “mini-stroke”: temporary stroke-like symptoms caused by reduced blood flow to part of the brain, spinal cord or eye, without signs of a new stroke on a scan.
Stroke symptoms need emergency care at once, even if they go away.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
ALT and AST (liver enzymes)
Two enzymes measured in a routine blood test of the liver. Higher levels can mean the liver is under strain or damaged. SGPT and SGOT are older names for ALT and AST.
Criteria usually give a limit as a multiple of the upper limit of normal (ULN), often higher when cancer has spread to the liver.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Childbearing potential
Able to become pregnant: from the first period until menopause, unless permanently unable to through surgery (removal of the womb, or of both ovaries or both fallopian tubes).
Criteria for people of childbearing potential usually ask for a negative pregnancy test and for contraception during the study and for a time after it.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Contraception
Ways of preventing pregnancy. “Highly effective” methods fail less than 1% of the time a year when used correctly — for example an IUD or an implant.
Criteria usually say which methods count and how long to keep using them after the last dose, sometimes for male participants too. Some studies accept a partner’s vasectomy if it was confirmed successful and that person is the participant’s only sexual partner.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
BMI (body mass index)
Weight in kilograms divided by height in metres squared. Example: 70 kg and 1.75 m gives 70 ÷ (1.75 × 1.75) ≈ 22.9.
What counts as overweight or obesity differs between countries (some use lower cut-offs), so go by the range the study states.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
ULN (upper limit of normal)
The top of the normal range for a blood test, as set by the laboratory that runs it. Each lab prints its own range next to your result.
“≤ 2.5 × ULN” means the result can be up to two and a half times that top value.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Bilirubin
A yellow substance made when red blood cells are broken down, which the liver clears. A high level can mean a problem with the liver or the bile ducts.
Criteria often allow more for people with Gilbert’s syndrome, a harmless inherited condition that raises bilirubin.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
GFR and eGFR (kidney filtering)
GFR (glomerular filtration rate) is how much blood the kidneys filter each minute. It is usually estimated from a blood test — eGFR, by formulas such as CKD-EPI or MDRD — and some studies ask for it to be measured directly instead. Usually given in mL/min/1.73 m².
Check the method, the units and the minimum the study states. A value of 90 or above is in the normal-or-high range, but kidney damage can show in other tests too.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Hemoglobin (Hb)
The protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen. A low level is anaemia, which can cause tiredness and breathlessness. Measured in g/dL or g/L (9 g/dL is 90 g/L).
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Hepatitis B tests
Hepatitis B is a virus that infects the liver. These are separate tests: HBsAg positive usually means a current infection (a recent vaccination can briefly cause it too); total anti-HBc (HBcAb) positive means an infection now or in the past; HBV DNA measures how much virus is in the blood.
Some studies accept a past infection if HBV DNA is undetectable, sometimes with antiviral medicine during the study. Check what this study allows.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Hepatitis C tests
Hepatitis C is a virus that infects the liver. An HCV antibody test can stay positive after an infection has cleared (and is occasionally positive without one); an HCV RNA test shows whether the virus is there now.
After treatment, hepatitis C counts as cured when HCV RNA is still undetectable 12 weeks or more after the treatment ended. Studies often accept people cured this way.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Daily use of insulin Apidra in insulin pump. The dosis will be according to the patient's former dosing scheme.
Drug: Apidra
Daily use of current insulin in insulin pump.The dosis will be according to the patient's former dosing scheme.
Drug: current insulin
Half of patients with lipoatrophy will be switched randomly to insulin Apidra for 12 months. Any site other than the lipoatrophic site would be used for delivering the insulin for the purpose of this study.
Also known as: Glulisine
Half of patients with lipoatrophy will still use their current Insulin for 6 months. After 6 months the current insulin will be switched to insulin Apidra for the next 6 months.
Also known as: short-acting analog insulin
Relative thickness as assessed by MRI
The relative thickness will be used instead of raw data of the MRI measurements as given by the thickness of the most atrophic region related to the thickness of the reference region of the same patient (normal tissue). The change (increase) of the thickness is defined as difference between the relative thicknesses of the same atrophic region (given as percentage of the same reference region) at 6 months and study begin.
Time frame: at 6 months
Relative thickness as assessed by MRI
Change of relative thickness (as defined above) at 6 and 12 months in the control group
Time frame: at 6 and 12 months
Relative thickness as assessed by MRI
Change of relative thickness (as defined above) between baseline and 12 months in both arms
Time frame: at baseline and 12 months
Relative thickness as assessed by USG
The relative thickness will be used as given by the thickness of the most atrophic region related to the thickness of the reference region of the same patient (normal tissue). The change (increase) of the thickness is defined as difference between the relative thicknesses of the same atrophic region (given as percentage of the same reference region) at 6 months between both groups
Time frame: at 6 months
Relative thickness as assessed by USG
The relative thickness will be used as given by the thickness of the most atrophic region related to the thickness of the reference region of the same patient (normal tissue). The change (increase) of the thickness is defined as difference between the relative thicknesses of the same atrophic region (given as percentage of the same reference region) at 6 months and 12 months in the control group
Time frame: at 6 and 12 months
Relative thickness as assessed by USG
The relative thickness will be used as given by the thickness of the most atrophic region related to the thickness of the reference region of the same patient (normal tissue). The change (increase) of the thickness is defined as difference between the relative thicknesses of the same atrophic region (given as percentage of the same reference region) between baseline and 12 months in both groups
Time frame: at baseline and 12 months
indicator dermatoses of Diabetes mellitus and associated autoimmune disorders of the skin
Comparison of dermatological findings between 6 and 12 months in the control Group. Dermatological outcome measures will consist in the detection and documentation of a) indicator dermatoses of diabetes mellitus (e. g. lipoatrophy, necrobiosis lipoidica, granuloma anulare), b) associated autoimmune disorders of the skin (e. g. vitiligo, lichen sclerosus, lichen ruber) and c) other, concurrent skin disorders such as atopic dermatitis, acne or psoriasis, for example. If available, disease scores such as the SCORAD score for atopic dermatitis or the PASI score for psoriasis vulgaris will be used to document disease activity.
Time frame: at 6 and 12 months
Number of new lipoatrophic areas
Occurrence of new lipoatrophic areas in both arms at 6 and 12 months
Time frame: at 6 and 12 months
Glycemic control
Change of HbA1c at 6 and 12 months compared to baseline in both groups
Time frame: at 6 and 12 months
Insulin requirements
Change of total daily insulin units per kg body weight at 6 and 12 months compared to baseline in both groups
Time frame: at 6 and 12 months
Laboratory findings
Comparison of laboratory parameters (insulin antibodies, total IgE, specific insulin-IgE) between baseline, 6 months and 12 months
Time frame: at baseline, 6 months and 12 months
Side effects
Side-effects of treatment with other insulins and insulin glulisine such as * severe hypoglycemia * DKA * Catheter occlusion * SAEs
Time frame: within 12 months
No study locations are listed for this record.
Plan to share: No
Ran from Sep 2016 to primary completion in Apr 2019, 31 months.
Of 62 non-industry phase 4 interventional studies under Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, half reached primary completion within 25 months of starting (the median), counting those still running; a quarter within 13 and three quarters within 46. This study's 31 months is above that.
Counting every sponsor, half of 74 studies reached it within 22 months; a quarter within 12 and three quarters within 38.
How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.
This study is completed, as verified in Oct 2024. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.
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Studies of the drug tested here: Insulin glulisine
Kinderkrankenhaus auf der Bult