ClinicalTrials.gg
Active, not recruitingNCT02685605INTRAGO-IIUpdated Oct 14, 2025

Intraoperative Radiotherapy in Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma Multiforme

A Phase 3 interventional study of Standard surgery and Intraoperative radiotherapy in Glioblastoma, sponsored by Universitätsmedizin Mannheim. Active, not recruiting at 19 sites in 8 countries. Open to participants aged 18 Years to 80 Years. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2025-10-14.

Sponsored by Universitätsmedizin Mannheim · Phase 3, Interventional, and Treatment

From the registry’s dates

  • Primary completion was expected by Nov 2025, 1 year ago, but the record still lists the study as active, not recruiting.
Phase
Phase 3
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
314
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
18 Years to 80 Years
Sex
All
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Study summary

INTRAGO II resembles a multicentric, prospective, randomized, 2-arm, open-label clinical phase III trial which tests if the median progression-free survival (PFS) of patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) can be improved by the addition of intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) to standard radiochemotherapy.

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Conditions studied

  • Glioblastoma

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Keywords

  • Glioblastoma
  • Intraoperative Radiotherapy
  • Radiotherapy Dose Escalation
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In context

Glioblastoma

2,132 studies on the registry are indexed under Glioblastoma; 464 are open to participants now.

This study's enrollment of 314 is above the median of 36 across 1,753 interventional studies indexed under Glioblastoma.

Browse Glioblastoma studies →

Lead sponsor

Universitätsmedizin Mannheim is the lead sponsor of 78 studies on the registry; 2 are open to participants now.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

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Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years to 80 Years
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Eligibility criteria

Inclusion Criteria

  1. Age ≥18 and ≤ 80 years
  2. Performance Score (KPS) ≥ 60%
  3. Supratentorial T1-Gd enhancing lesion(s) amenable to total resection
  4. Legal capacity and ability of subject to understand character and individual consequences of the clinical trial
  5. Patient's written IC obtained at least 24h prior to surgery
  6. For women with : adequate
  7. Patients must have adequate organ functions

    Bone marrow function:

    • ≥ 75.000/μL
    • WBC ≥ 3.000/μL
    • ≥ 10.0 g/dL

    Liver Function:

    • ASAT and ALAT ≤ 3.0 times
    • ALP ≤ 2.5 times ULN
    • Total Serum \< 1.5 times ULN

    Renal Function:

    • Serum Creatinine ≤ 1.5 times ULN

    Inclusion Criteria Related to Surgery:

  8. IORT must be technically feasible
  9. Histology supports diagnosis of GBM

Exclusion Criteria

  1. Multicentric disease (e.g. in both hemispheres) or non-resectable satellite lesions
  2. Previous cranial radiation therapy
  3. Cytostatic therapy / chemotherapy for cancer within the past 5 years
  4. History of cancers or other comorbidities that limit to less than five years
  5. Previous therapy with anti-angiogenic substances (such as bevacizumab)
  6. Technical impossibility to use MRI or known allergies against MRI and/or CT contrast agents
  7. Participation in other clinical trials testing cancer-derived agents/procedures.
  8. Pregnant or breast feeding patients
  9. Fertile patients refusing to use safe contraceptive methods during the study

    Exclusion Criteria Related to Surgery:

  10. Active egress of fluids from a ventricular defect
  11. In-field risk organs and/or IORT dose >8 Gy to any risk organ
Terms in these criteria, in plain language(9)

Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.

Karnofsky performance status (KPS)

A 0–100 scale of how well someone can carry out everyday activities. 100 is no complaints and no signs of illness; 70 is able to look after yourself but not to work or keep up normal activity; 50 is needing considerable help and frequent medical care.

Studies often ask for 60 or 70 and above. Your doctor gives the score.

Childbearing potential

Able to become pregnant: from the first period until menopause, unless permanently unable to through surgery (removal of the womb, or of both ovaries or both fallopian tubes).

Criteria for people of childbearing potential usually ask for a negative pregnancy test and for contraception during the study and for a time after it.

Contraception

Ways of preventing pregnancy. “Highly effective” methods fail less than 1% of the time a year when used correctly — for example an IUD or an implant.

Criteria usually say which methods count and how long to keep using them after the last dose, sometimes for male participants too. Some studies accept a partner’s vasectomy if it was confirmed successful and that person is the participant’s only sexual partner.

Platelets

Blood cells that help blood clot. Too few raises the risk of bleeding and bruising. A usual adult range is about 150–400 × 10⁹/L (150,000–400,000 per µL); each lab has its own reference range.

Hemoglobin (Hb)

The protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen. A low level is anaemia, which can cause tiredness and breathlessness. Measured in g/dL or g/L (9 g/dL is 90 g/L).

ULN (upper limit of normal)

The top of the normal range for a blood test, as set by the laboratory that runs it. Each lab prints its own range next to your result.

“≤ 2.5 × ULN” means the result can be up to two and a half times that top value.

Bilirubin

A yellow substance made when red blood cells are broken down, which the liver clears. A high level can mean a problem with the liver or the bile ducts.

Criteria often allow more for people with Gilbert’s syndrome, a harmless inherited condition that raises bilirubin.

Life expectancy

The study doctor’s estimate of how long someone is likely to live. Criteria use it so that people can stay in the study long enough for it to answer its question.

Investigational drug or device

A drug or device being studied in a clinical trial.

It may be new, or already approved and being studied for another use, dose or form. Criteria often leave out people who took part in another study of one within a recent period, commonly 30 days or five half-lives.

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Study design

Phase
Phase 3
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
None (open label)
Enrollment
314 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    Experimental Arm (A)

    Standard surgery plus intraoperative radiotherapy (20-30 Gy) followed by radiochemotherapy (EBRT: 60 Gy, 75 mg/m2/d temozolomide) and adjuvant chemotherapy with 150-200 mg/m2/d temozolomide per cycle (5/28 days).

    Procedure: Standard surgery · Radiation: Intraoperative radiotherapy · Radiation: Radiochemotherapy · Drug: Temozolomide

  • Active comparator
    Control Arm (B)

    Standard surgery followed by radiochemotherapy (EBRT: 60 Gy, 75 mg/m2/d temozolomide) and adjuvant chemotherapy with 150-200 mg/m2/d temozolomide per cycle (5/28 days).

    Procedure: Standard surgery · Radiation: Radiochemotherapy · Drug: Temozolomide

Interventions

  • ProcedureStandard surgery
  • RadiationIntraoperative radiotherapy

    Dose to applicator surface: 20-30 Gy; Carl Zeiss INTRABEAM System. IORT with a surface dose of 30 Gy is recommended.Should the proximity to any risk structure not allow to apply 30 Gy, a dose reduction by up to 10 Gy (resulting in a surface dose of 20 Gy) is allowed.

    Also known as: IORT

  • RadiationRadiochemotherapy

    EBRT to 60 Gy plus 75 mg/m2/d temozolomide

  • Adjuvant chemotherapy with 150-200 mg/m2/d temozolomide per cycle (5/28 days).

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What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Median Progression-Free Survival

    Determined according to modified Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology (RANO) criteria and serial perfusion imaging

    Time frame: 24 Months

Secondary outcomes

  1. Median Overall Survival

    Time frame: 24 Months

  2. PFS within a 1-2 cm margin around the cavity

    Determined by serial contrast-enhanced MRI scans using modified RANO criteria and serial perfusion imaging

    Time frame: 24 Months

  3. OS with respect to Age

    Median overall survival of patients \<65 vs. ≥ 65 years

    Time frame: 24 Months

  4. PFS with respect to Age

    Progression-free survival of patients \<65 vs. ≥ 65 years; determined according to modified RANO criteria and serial perfusion imaging

    Time frame: 24 Months

  5. OS with respect to KPS

    Median overall survival of patients with KPS 80-100% vs. 60-70%

    Time frame: 24 Months

  6. PFS with respect to KPS

    Progression-free survival of patients with KPS 80-100% vs. 60-70%; determined according to modified RANO criteria and serial perfusion imaging

    Time frame: 24 Months

  7. OS with respect to thickness of anticipated T1-Gd-enhancing (remaining) tumor margin

    Thickness of anticipated T1-Gd-enhancing (remaining) tumor margin as per the discretion of the surgeon (margin ≥0.5 cm or multiple spots of residual tumor within the cavity vs. \<0.5 cm)

    Time frame: 24 Months

  8. PFS with respect to thickness of anticipated T1-Gd-enhancing (remaining) tumor margin

    Thickness of anticipated T1-Gd-enhancing (remaining) tumor margin as per the discretion of the surgeon (margin ≥0.5 cm or multiple spots of residual tumor within the cavity vs. \<0.5 cm); determined according to modified RANO criteria and serial perfusion imaging

    Time frame: 24 Months

  9. OS with respect to extent of resection

    Early postoperative MRI scans must be used to determine the extent of resection (EoR). The EoR is given as sum of all maximum diameters of residual lesions in cm. OS will be calculated for the following groups: * Max Diameter group 0: 0 cm (no residual tumor) * Max Diameter group 1: \>0 to ≤1.5 cm (cumulative if multiple residual lesions) * Max Diameter group 2: \>1.5 cm (cumulative if multiple residual lesions)

    Time frame: 24 Months

  10. PFS with respect to extent of resection

    Early postoperative MRI scans must be used to determine the extent of resection (EoR). The EoR is given as sum of all maximum diameters of residual lesions in cm. PFS will be determined according to modified RANO criteria and serial perfusion imaging for the following groups: * Max Diameter group 0: 0 cm (no residual tumor) * Max Diameter group 1: \>0 to ≤1.5 cm (cumulative if multiple residual lesions) * Max Diameter group 2: \>1.5 cm (cumulative if multiple residual lesions)

    Time frame: 24 Months

  11. OS with respect to MGMT promoter methylation status

    OS in patients with promoter methylation vs. no promoter methylation

    Time frame: 24 Months

  12. PFS with respect to MGMT promoter methylation status

    PFS in patients with promoter methylation vs. no promoter methylation; determined according to modified RANO criteria and serial perfusion imaging

    Time frame: 24 Months

  13. Quality of Life (QoL) questionnaire

    Assessed by European Organization for Research and Treatment (EORTC)- Quality of Life Questionnaires (QLQ C30/BN20)

    Time frame: 24 Months

  14. Activities of daily living (ADL), assessed using the Barthel Index (Mahoney & Barthel, 1965).

    Change in functional outcomes as measured by BI from its baseline value.

    Time frame: 24 Months

  15. Radiation-related (acute / early delayed / late) neurotoxicity

    Assessed by regular neurological examinations and serial MRI scans

    Time frame: 24 Months

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Study locations

19 sites
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References and documents

Publications

  • Giordano FA, Brehmer S, Abo-Madyan Y, Welzel G, Sperk E, Keller A, Schneider F, Clausen S, Herskind C, Schmiedek P, Wenz F. INTRAGO: intraoperative radiotherapy in glioblastoma multiforme-a phase I/II dose escalation study. BMC Cancer. 2014 Dec 22;14:992. doi: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-992. PubMed 25535398 ↗
  • Sarria GR, Sperk E, Han X, Sarria GJ, Wenz F, Brehmer S, Fu B, Min S, Zhang H, Qin S, Qiu X, Hanggi D, Abo-Madyan Y, Martinez D, Cabrera C, Giordano FA. Intraoperative radiotherapy for glioblastoma: an international pooled analysis. Radiother Oncol. 2020 Jan;142:162-167. doi: 10.1016/j.radonc.2019.09.023. Epub 2019 Oct 16. PubMed 31629553 ↗
  • Ayala Alvarez DS, Watson PGF, Popovic M, Heng VJ, Evans MDC, Panet-Raymond V, Seuntjens J. Evaluation of Dosimetry Formalisms in Intraoperative Radiation Therapy of Glioblastoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2023 Nov 1;117(3):763-773. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.04.031. Epub 2023 May 5. PubMed 37150259 ↗
  • Cifarelli CP, Jacobson GM. Intraoperative Radiotherapy in Brain Malignancies: Indications and Outcomes in Primary and Metastatic Brain Tumors. Front Oncol. 2021 Nov 11;11:768168. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2021.768168. eCollection 2021. PubMed 34858846 ↗
  • Sarria GR, Smalec Z, Muedder T, Holz JA, Scafa D, Koch D, Garbe S, Schneider M, Hamed M, Vatter H, Herrlinger U, Giordano FA, Schmeel LC. Dosimetric Comparison of Upfront Boosting With Stereotactic Radiosurgery Versus Intraoperative Radiotherapy for Glioblastoma. Front Oncol. 2021 Oct 28;11:759873. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2021.759873. eCollection 2021. PubMed 34778080 ↗
  • Giordano FA, Ganslandt O, Munter MW, Combs SE, Diehl C, Meyer B, Herrlinger U, Schneider M, Kahl KH, Shiban E, Goenka A, Schulder M, Lucas A, Plans G, Brehmer S, Ruder AM, Garcia-Cabezas S, Solivera J, Cifarelli CP, Wenz F, Sarria GR, Pope WB, Layer JP, Tsien CI, Petrecca K; INTRAGO-II Study Group. Dose escalation with intraoperative radiotherapy in newly diagnosed glioblastoma (INTRAGO-II): an open-label, multicentre, randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2026 Jul;27(7):864-878. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(26)00235-4. PubMed 42372746 ↗
  • Giordano FA, Brehmer S, Murle B, Welzel G, Sperk E, Keller A, Abo-Madyan Y, Scherzinger E, Clausen S, Schneider F, Herskind C, Glas M, Seiz-Rosenhagen M, Groden C, Hanggi D, Schmiedek P, Emami B, Souhami L, Petrecca K, Wenz F. Intraoperative Radiotherapy in Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma (INTRAGO): An Open-Label, Dose-Escalation Phase I/II Trial. Neurosurgery. 2019 Jan 1;84(1):41-49. doi: 10.1093/neuros/nyy018. PubMed 29528443 ↗

Individual participant data

Plan to share: No

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Timeline

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
ElapsedEstimatedEstimated, not yet reachedSimilar studies: half by the dot; the band is the middle halfHalf of similar studies reached it by the dot; the band is the middle half, from a quarter to three quarters

Started Dec 2016 (actual). Primary completion is estimated for Nov 2025, 107 months after the start.

Of 43 phase 3 interventional studies under Glioblastoma, half reached primary completion within 48 months of starting (the median), counting those still running; a quarter within 44 and three quarters within 87. This study's planned 107 months is above that.

How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.

Registered
Feb 5, 2016
First posted
Feb 19, 2016
StartActual
Dec 9, 2016
Primary completionEst.
Nov 2025
CompletionEst.
Jun 2026
Last update
Oct 14, 2025
What these dates mean
Start.
When the first participant enrolled; while estimated, when the study expects to open to recruitment.
Primary completion.
When the last participant was examined or treated to collect data for the study's main question, its primary outcome. A study that stopped early gives the date its data collection stopped.
Completion.
When the last participant's last visit took place, for every outcome, secondary ones and side effects included: the end of the study. Often later than primary completion, sometimes the same day.
Actual and Est.
Actual means the registry says the date has happened. Est. (estimated) is a date the sponsor plans or expects. It can still move, and the sponsor is expected to change it to actual once it has passed.
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Oct 14, 2025, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
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Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT02685605
Lead sponsor
Universitätsmedizin Mannheim
Responsible party
Frank A. Giordano (PI (Chair), Heidelberg University) — Principal investigator
First posted
Feb 19, 2016
Start date
Dec 9, 2016
Primary completion
Nov 2025 (estimated)
Completion
Jun 2026 (estimated)
Last update
Oct 14, 2025

Study contacts

Frank A. Giordano, MD
principal investigator · Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany
Kevin Petrecca, MD
principal investigator · Department of Neurosurgery, Montréal Neurological, Institute and Hospital, Montréal, Canada

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
Yes
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

Not currently enrolling

This study is active, not recruiting, as verified in Oct 2025. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

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