ClinicalTrials.gg
CompletedNCT02509468PERFORMUSUpdated Dec 22, 2025

suPERficial Slow-flow Vascular malFORMations Treated With sirolimUS

A Phase 2 interventional study of Sirolimus in Vascular Malformation, sponsored by University Hospital, Tours. Completed at 12 sites in France. Open to participants aged 6 Years to 18 Years. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2025-12-22.

Sponsored by University Hospital, Tours · Phase 2, Interventional, and Treatment

Phase
Phase 2
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
63
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
6 Years to 18 Years
Sex
All
01

Study summary

The most recent classification, adopted by International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies (ISSVA) in 1996, and updated in Melbourne in 2014, divides these lesions into two broad categories: vascular tumors and vascular malformations. Vascular malformations (VMs) are subdivided into high-flow VM and slow-flow VM.

Slow-flow VMs consist of congenital anomalies which may involve abnormal capillaries vessels, venous vessels, lymphatic vessels or combination of several of them. They can be superficial (involving cutaneous and subcutaneous tissues) and/or may have visceral involvement. They can be limited or diffuse, and are sometimes components of genetic hypertrophic syndromes.

The diagnosis of slow-flow VMs is performed on physical examination (biopsy may be required for confirmation), and is completed with imaging (ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)). Slow-flow VMs may be particularly voluminous; associated with underlying hypertrophy responsible for functional impairment; painful; associated with seepage or continuous cutaneous bleeding; complicated with visceral signs or hematologic disturbances (anemia, thrombopenia). Management requires dedicated multispecialty care. There are no guidelines for treatment, and management may include no intervention - but natural history of these VMs is progressive worsening -, compression by physical bandage, sclerotherapy, resection (when feasible),anti-inflammatory or anti-coagulation drugs.

Case reports and series have provided evidence for supporting the need for a clinical trial of sirolimus by reporting successful treatment on several children with complicated vascular anomalies. The choice of sirolimus is rational. Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase regulated by phosphoinositide-3-kinase involved in cell mobility, cell growth and angiogenesis. Sirolimus inhibits mTOR, which induces inhibition of angiogenesis, in particular lymphangiogenesis, which has been demonstrated in several models.

Read the detailed description

Vascular anomalies include a heterogeneous group of disorders of newborns and children. While infantile hemangioma are common (10% of infants), generally not complicated and easily managed, the majority of other vascular anomalies are rare (\<2% altogether) and have no guidelines for management. The most recent classification, adopted by International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies (ISSVA) in 1996, divides these lesions into two broad categories: vascular tumors and vascular malformations. Vascular malformations (VMs) are subdivided into high-flow VM and slow-flow VM.

Slow-flow VMs consist of congenital anomalies which may involve abnormal capillaries vessels, venous vessels, lymphatic vessels or combination of several of them. They can be superficial (involving cutaneous and subcutaneous tissues) and/or may have visceral involvement. They can be limited or diffuse, and are sometimes components of genetic hypertrophic syndromes. They always result from defective embryologic vasculogenesis.

The diagnosis of slow-flow VMs is performed on physical examination - a biopsy may be required for confirmation -, and is completed with imaging, which includes ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Slow-flow VMs may be simple to manage or can be complicated for several reasons: they may be particularly voluminous; associated with underlying hypertrophy responsible for functional impairment; painful; associated with seepage or continuous cutaneous bleeding; complicated with visceral signs or hematologic disturbances (anemia, thrombopenia). Management requires dedicated multispecialty care. There are no guidelines for treatment, and management may include no intervention - but natural history of these VMs is progressive worsening -, compression by physical bandage, sclerotherapy, resection (when feasible), anti-inflammatory or anti-coagulation drugs.

The vast majority of literature reporting medical therapies consists of paediatric case reports, and is complicated by publication bias, inconsistent use of nomenclature and absence of clinical trials. Case reports and series have provided evidence for supporting the need for a clinical trial of sirolimus by reporting successful treatment on several children with complicated vascular anomalies. The choice of sirolimus is rational. Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase regulated by phosphoinositide-3-kinase involved in cell mobility, cell growth and angiogenesis. Sirolimus inhibits mTOR, which induces inhibition of angiogenesis, in particular lymphangiogenesis, which has been demonstrated in several models.

Randomized observational-phase design (Feldman et al. J Clin Epidemiol 2001;54:550-557):

  • each patient will be followed during a 12-month-period
  • each patient will start by an observational period and will end being treated by sirolimus
  • at a random date (between month 4 and month 8), each patient will switch from the observational period to the sirolimus period Therefore, each patient will be his/her own control, as in a cross-over trial (but the difference is that the cross-over is all in one direction, from observational period to treatment period). This explains why variation in volume will be standardized by period durations.

As specified by Feldman et al, the randomized placebo-phase design is well adapted in situations where "a placebo controlled study would be perceived as being unacceptable by enrolling physicians and by patient" and "may be especially useful when highly potent therapies for rare diseases"

02

Conditions studied

  • Vascular Malformation

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03

In context

Vascular Malformations

79 studies on the registry are indexed under Vascular Malformations; 33 are open to participants now.

This study's enrollment of 63 is above the median of 55 across 49 interventional studies indexed under Vascular Malformations.

Browse Vascular Malformations studies →

Lead sponsor

University Hospital, Tours is the lead sponsor of 307 studies on the registry; 79 are open to participants now.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
6 Years to 18 Years
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Eligibility criteria

  • Patients aged from 6 years to 18 years
  • With a slow-flow vascular malformation confirmed by MRI, included or not into a genetic disorder, among the following:
  • microcystic lymphatic malformation
  • mixed micro- and macrocystic malformation
  • venous malformation
  • combined lymphatic and venous malformation
  • Malformation voluminous and complicated (pain, functional impairment, bleeding, seepage)
  • Extended to the underlying subcutaneous tissue, to the fascias, the muscles and/or the underlying bone
  • MRI of the VM performed within 8 months
  • Vaccination schedule updated
  • Informed, written consent of the subject's parents or the 18 years old subject
  • Cooperative parent or subject, aware of the necessity and duration of controls so that perfect adhesion to the protocol could be expected
  • Subjects or subject's parents covered by or having the rights to social security.

Exclusion criteria:

  • Slow-flow VMs which are only macrocystic lymphatic malformations
  • Visceral life-threatening involvement
  • Patients who received prior per os treatment with an mTOR inhibitor
  • (immunosuppressive disease or immunosuppressive treatment)
  • Known chronic infectious disease
  • History of cancer in the 2 previous years
  • Brest feeding or pregnant women, or women on childbearing age without effective , up to 12 weeks after treatment discontinuation
  • Known allergy to mTOR inhibitor
  • Concomitant treatment that inhibits or activates , and P-gp glycoprotein, cytotoxic drugs, antilymphocyte immunoglobulines and metoclopramide
  • Intolerance to fructose, intolerance or malabsorption to glucose, galactose, metabolic insufficiency in sucraseisomaltase, metabolic defect in lactase
  • Known allergy to peanuts or soyabean
  • Liver insufficiency (elevated transaminases > 2.5 N)
  • Anemia with \< 9 g/dl
  • Leukopenia \< 1000/mm3
  • Thrombocytopenia \< 80 000/mm3
  • Hypercholesterolemia (LDL-cholesterol ≥ 2g/l)
  • Patients with risk of opportunistic infections
  • of MRI
  • Known allergy to lidocaïne
  • up to 3 months after sirolimus discontinuation
  • Subject already participating to a therapeutic study
Terms in these criteria, in plain language(6)

Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.

Immunosuppression

A weakened immune system. It can come from an illness, such as HIV or some blood cancers, or from medicines that turn the immune system down, for example after an organ transplant or for an autoimmune disease; steroids at higher doses count.

Read whether the line is about a condition or about medicines, and which medicines and doses it means.

Contraception

Ways of preventing pregnancy. “Highly effective” methods fail less than 1% of the time a year when used correctly — for example an IUD or an implant.

Criteria usually say which methods count and how long to keep using them after the last dose, sometimes for male participants too. Some studies accept a partner’s vasectomy if it was confirmed successful and that person is the participant’s only sexual partner.

CYP3A (CYP3A4) inhibitors and inducers

CYP3A is a group of enzymes, mainly CYP3A4, in the liver and gut that break down many medicines. Some medicines, supplements and foods (grapefruit, St John’s wort) slow them down or speed them up, which changes how much of a study drug stays in the body.

Studies list them so they can be avoided or switched; bring a list of everything you take, including supplements.

Hemoglobin (Hb)

The protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen. A low level is anaemia, which can cause tiredness and breathlessness. Measured in g/dL or g/L (9 g/dL is 90 g/L).

Contraindication

A reason a treatment, test or procedure should not be given to a particular person, such as an allergy, another illness or a medicine they take.

Live vaccines

Vaccines made with a weakened form of the germ, such as measles–mumps–rubella (MMR), chickenpox and yellow fever. They can be risky when the immune system is weakened. Flu injections are not live; the nasal flu spray is.

05

Study design

Phase
Phase 2
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Crossover assignment
Masking
Single (Outcomes assessor)
Enrollment
63 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • No intervention
    Observational

    Patients will first be included in an observational period, then, at a randomized time different from one to another, will all receive the experimental treatment (i.e. sirolimus). This design has been defined a the "randomized placebo-phase design" (Feldman et al. J Clin Epidemiol. 2001 Jun;54(6):550-7)

  • Experimental
    Experimental

    At a randomized date, patients will start treatment with sirolimus (beginning dose: 0.08mg/kg/day)

    Drug: Sirolimus

Interventions

  • * each patient will be followed during a 12-month-period * each patient will start by an observational period and end being treated by sirolimus * at a random date (between month 4 and month 8), each patient will switch from the observational period to the sirolimus period

    Also known as: rapamune

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Change of volume of the Vascular Malformation

    Primary outcome will be based on the volume of the VMs on MRI. Three MRI will be performed: one at baseline (M0), one at the date of switch from the observational period to the sirolimus period (MS) and one at the end of follow-up (M12). Relative change of volume, standardized by the duration period, will define the outcome. Thus, for the observational period, the primary outcome is defined as {(VMS - V0)/V0}/(MS-M0) where V0 and VMS are the volumes assessed at baseline and month S, respectively, and (MS-M0) corresponds to the duration of the observational period. For the sirolimus period, the outcome is defined in the same way as {(V12 - VMS)/VMS}/(M12-MS), where V12 is the volume assessed at month 12 and (M12-MS) corresponds to the duration of the sirolimus period. Interpretation of the MRI will be centralized and performed by a radiologist blinded from physical assessment and from treatment period.

    Time frame: at baseline, at date of switch from the observational period to the sirolimus period (between 4 and 8 month) and at 12 months

Secondary outcomes

  1. Efficacy of study treatment measured on digital photographs

    Qualitative assessment of efficacy on digital photographs

    Time frame: inclusion, switch from the observational period to the sirolimus period (between 4 and 8 month), switch+1month, 12 month

  2. Self assessment of efficacy of study treatment

    Patient self assessment or proxy (parents) self assessments using visual analogic scale (0-10): * Global treatment efficacy on a visual analogic scale (0-10) * Skin complications/symptoms (seepage, bleeding, skin tension, functional impairment) * Pain * Quality of life by the dermatological quality of life scale (DLQI and DLQI adapted to children)

    Time frame: Participants will be followed during 12 months

  3. Dermatologist's assessment of efficacy of study treatment

    Dermatologist's global assessment of efficacy using a visual analogic scale (0-10)

    Time frame: Participants will be followed during 12 months

  4. Efficacy of study treatment

    Decrease of vascular endothelium growth factor (VEGF) and Tissue Factor (TF) plasma levels Platelet count, and fibrinogen, D-dimers, factor V levels supporting the presence and disappearance of an abnormal intravascular coagulation consumption

    Time frame: Participants will be followed during 12 months

  5. Adverse events and safe adverse events will be compared

    Adverse events and safe adverse events will be compared using the Mc Nemar test, if applicable. Otherwise, descriptive statistics (percentages) will be estimated.

    Time frame: Participants will be followed during 12 months

  6. Organic collection of skin and blood samples

    From the organic collection (including blood and skin samples), genetic analysis of several genes involved in vasculogenesis (currently TIE2 and PIK3CA) will be performed. A genotype/phenotype study will be carried out.

    Time frame: at 5 month or 6 month or 7 month or 8 month or 9 month after inclusion

07

Study locations

12 sites
  • Service de dermatologie, CHU Angers
    Angers, 49933, France
  • Service de dermatologie, Hôpital du Bocage, CHU Dijon
    Dijon, 21079, France
  • Explorations Médecine Vasculaire Hôpital A. Michallon, CHU de Grenoble
    Grenoble, 38700, France
  • Service de radiologie Hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon
    Lyon, 69000, France
  • Service de Dermatologie, vénéréologie et cancérologie cutanée, Hôpital La Timone APHM
    Marseille, 13000, France
  • Service de Dermatologie, Hôpital St Eloi, CHU Montpellier
    Montpellier, 34000, France
  • Service de Dermatologie, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu, CHU Nantes
    Nantes, 44000, France
  • Service de dermatologie, CHU Nice
    Nice, 06202, France
  • Service de dermatologie, APHP Necker
    Paris, 75743, France
  • Service de Dermatologie, Hôpital Pontchaillou, CHU RENNES
    Rennes, 35000, France
  • Service de dermatologie, Hôpital Larrey, CHU Toulouse
    Toulouse, 31059, France
  • Consultations externes de Dermatologie, Hôpital Clocheville, CHU Tours
    Tours, 37000, France
08

References and documents

Publications

  • Maruani A, Tavernier E, Boccara O, Mazereeuw-Hautier J, Leducq S, Bessis D, Guibaud L, Vabres P, Carmignac V, Mallet S, Barbarot S, Chiaverini C, Droitcourt C, Bursztejn AC, Lengelle C, Woillard JB, Herbreteau D, Le Touze A, Joly A, Leaute-Labreze C, Powell J, Bourgoin H, Gissot V, Giraudeau B, Morel B. Sirolimus (Rapamycin) for Slow-Flow Malformations in Children: The Observational-Phase Randomized Clinical PERFORMUS Trial. JAMA Dermatol. 2021 Nov 1;157(11):1289-1298. doi: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2021.3459. PubMed 34524406 ↗
  • Maruani A, Boccara O, Bessis D, Guibaud L, Vabres P, Mazereeuw-Hautier J, Barbarot S, Chiaverini C, Blaise S, Droitcourt C, Mallet S, Martin L, Lorette G, Woillard JB, Jonville-Bera AP, Rollin J, Gruel Y, Herbreteau D, Goga D, le Touze A, Leducq S, Gissot V, Morel B, Tavernier E, Giraudeau B; Groupe de Recherche de la Societe Francaise de Dermatologie Pediatrique. Treatment of voluminous and complicated superficial slow-flow vascular malformations with sirolimus (PERFORMUS): protocol for a multicenter phase 2 trial with a randomized observational-phase design. Trials. 2018 Jun 27;19(1):340. doi: 10.1186/s13063-018-2725-1. PubMed 29945674 ↗
09

Timeline

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
ElapsedEstimatedEstimated, not yet reached

Ran from Sep 2015 to primary completion in Mar 2019, 42 months.

How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.

Registered
Jul 15, 2015
First posted
Jul 28, 2015
StartActual
Sep 30, 2015
Primary completionActual
Mar 2019
CompletionActual
Mar 2019
Last update
Dec 22, 2025
What these dates mean
Start.
When the first participant enrolled; while estimated, when the study expects to open to recruitment.
Primary completion.
When the last participant was examined or treated to collect data for the study's main question, its primary outcome. A study that stopped early gives the date its data collection stopped.
Completion.
When the last participant's last visit took place, for every outcome, secondary ones and side effects included: the end of the study. Often later than primary completion, sometimes the same day.
Actual and Est.
Actual means the registry says the date has happened. Est. (estimated) is a date the sponsor plans or expects. It can still move, and the sponsor is expected to change it to actual once it has passed.
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Dec 22, 2025, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT02509468
Responsible party
Sponsor
First posted
Jul 28, 2015
Start date
Sep 30, 2015
Primary completion
Mar 2019
Completion
Mar 2019
Last update
Dec 22, 2025

Study contacts

Annabel Maruani, MD, PhD
principal investigator · CHRU TOURS

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
Yes
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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Studies of the drug tested here: Sirolimus

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