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CompletedNCT01922713Updated Jan 26, 2015

Effect of Daily Consumption of Orange Maize on Breast Milk Retinol in Lactating Zambian Women

An interventional study of white maize and a corn oil capsule and orange maize and a corn oil capsule in Vitamin A Deficiency, sponsored by University of California, Davis. Completed at 1 site in Zambia. Open to female participants aged 18 Years to 35 Years, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2015-01-26.

Sponsored by University of California, Davis · Not applicable and Interventional

Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
149
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
18 Years to 35 Years
Sex
Female
01

Study summary

The purpose of the study is to determine whether daily consumption of beta-carotene biofortified maize will increase breast milk retinol concentration in lactating Zambian women.

Read the detailed description

Lactating women were randomly assigned to one of three intervention groups to receive 6d/wk for 3 wk either 1) provitamin A biofortified orange maize and a corn oil capsule, 2) white maize and a vitamin A capsule, or 3) white maize and a corn oil capsule. The 'orange maize' and 'vitamin A' groups received \~600 ug RAE/d as provitamin A biofortified maize or retinyl palmitate, respectively. The 'white maize' group was a negative control group that did not receive any supplemental vitamin A.

02

Conditions studied

  • Vitamin A Deficiency

Keywords

  • biofortification
  • vitamin A
  • maize
  • beta-carotene
  • breastmilk
  • Zambia
03

In context

Vitamin A Deficiency

67 studies on the registry are indexed under Vitamin A Deficiency; 7 are open to participants now.

This study's enrollment of 149 is below the median of 200 across 49 interventional studies indexed under Vitamin A Deficiency.

Browse Vitamin A Deficiency studies →

Lead sponsor

University of California, Davis is the lead sponsor of 809 studies on the registry; 142 are open to participants now.

Of its 67 completed or terminated interventional studies of FDA-regulated products, 43 (64%) have results posted.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years to 35 Years
Sexes eligible
Female
Accepts healthy volunteers
Yes

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  • Apparently healthy lactating women 18-35 years of age
  • who are breastfeeding a single infant, 4-12 mo of age.

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Pregnancy,
  • Chronic disease,
  • concentration \<90 g/L,
  • Signs or symptoms of vitamin A deficiency
Terms in these criteria, in plain language(1)

Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.

Hemoglobin (Hb)

The protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen. A low level is anaemia, which can cause tiredness and breathlessness. Measured in g/dL or g/L (9 g/dL is 90 g/L).

05

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
Single (Investigator)
Enrollment
149 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Placebo comparator
    white maize

    white maize and a corn oil capsule

    Other: white maize and a corn oil capsule

  • Experimental
    orange maize

    orange maize and a corn oil capsule

    Other: orange maize and a corn oil capsule

  • Active comparator
    vitamin A

    white maize and a vitamin A capsule

    Other: white maize and a vitamin A capsule

Interventions

  • Otherwhite maize and a corn oil capsule

    \~ 0 ug RAE/d

  • Otherorange maize and a corn oil capsule

    \~600 ug RAE/d

    Also known as: beta-carotene biofortified maize

  • Otherwhite maize and a vitamin A capsule

    600 ug RAE/d

    Also known as: retinyl palmitate capsule

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Breast milk retinol concentration

    Breast milk retinol concentration will be measured before and after 3 wk of consumption of orange maize (6 d/wk)

    Time frame: After 3 weeks of intervention

Secondary outcomes

  1. Breastmilk beta-carotene concentration

    Breastmilk beta-carotene concentration will be measured before and after 3 wk of consumption of orange maize (6d/wk)

    Time frame: After 3 wk of intervention

Other outcomes

  1. Plasma retinol concentration

    Plasma retinol concentration will be measured before and after 3 wk of consumption of orange maize (6d/wk)

    Time frame: After 3 wk of intervention

07

Study locations

1 site
  • Center for Human Nutrition
    Mkushi, Mkushi District, Zambia
08

References and documents

Publications

  • Palmer AC, Chileshe J, Hall AG, Barffour MA, Molobeka N, West KP Jr, Haskell MJ. Short-Term Daily Consumption of Provitamin A Carotenoid-Biofortified Maize Has Limited Impact on Breast Milk Retinol Concentrations in Zambian Women Enrolled in a Randomized Controlled Feeding Trial. J Nutr. 2016 Sep;146(9):1783-92. doi: 10.3945/jn.116.233700. Epub 2016 Jul 27. PubMed 27466608 ↗
09

Updates

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Jan 26, 2015, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT01922713
Collaborators
Johns Hopkins University, Tropical Diseases Research Centre, Zambia
Responsible party
Sponsor
First posted
Aug 14, 2013
Start date
Oct 2013
Primary completion
Dec 2013
Completion
Dec 2014
Last update
Jan 26, 2015

Study contacts

Marjorie Haskell, PhD
principal investigator · University of California, Davis

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

Not currently enrolling

This study is completed, as verified in Jan 2015. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

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