CClinicalTrials.gg
Active, not recruitingNCT01888601TRACERxUpdated May 4, 2026

TRAcking Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Evolution Through Therapy (Rx)

An observational study in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer, sponsored by University College, London. Active, not recruiting at 18 sites in United Kingdom. Open to participants aged 18 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-05-04.

Sponsored by University College, London · Observational

Study type
Observational
Model
Cohort
Time perspective
Prospective
Enrollment
814
Ages
18 Years and older
Sex
All
01

Study summary

To study the NSCLC evolutionary genomic landscape between primary and metastatic sites and the dynamics of intratumour heterogeneity over time combined with detailed clinical, histopathological and cancer phenotypic annotation for each patient, in order to significantly improve the outcomes of NSCLC patients (e.g. reduce their chance of recurrence and improve survival).

Read the detailed description

The importance of intratumour genetic and functional heterogeneity is increasingly recognised as a driver of cancer progression and survival outcome. Understanding how tumour clonal heterogeneity impacts upon therapeutic outcome, however, is still an area of unmet clinical and scientific need. TRACERx (TRAcking non-small cell lung Cancer Evolution through therapy [Rx]), a prospective study of patients with primary non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), aims to define the evolutionary trajectories of lung cancer in both space and time through multiregion and longitudinal tumour sampling and genetic analysis. By following cancers from diagnosis to relapse, tracking the evolutionary trajectories of tumours in relation to therapeutic interventions, and determining the impact of clonal heterogeneity on clinical outcomes, TRACERx may help to identify novel therapeutic targets for NSCLC and may also serve as a model applicable to other cancer types.

02

Conditions studied

  • Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
03

In context

Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung

6,485 studies on the registry are indexed under Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; 1,630 are open to participants now.

This study's enrollment of 814 is above the median of 161 across 948 observational studies indexed under Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung.

Browse Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung studies →

Lead sponsor

University College, London is the lead sponsor of 632 studies on the registry; 145 are open to participants now.

Of its 6 completed or terminated interventional studies of FDA-regulated products, 2 (33%) have results posted.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years and older
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No
Sampling method
Non-probability sample

Study population

Stage I-IIIA NSCLC eligible for primary surgery

Inclusion criteria

  • Written Informed consent
  • Patients ≥18 years of age, with early stage IIA-IIIB disease (according to TNM 8th edition) who are eligible for primary surgery. Patients with a radiological staging of IB (N0) who could be upstaged to IIA-IIIB following surgery (due to the presence of possible nodal involvement on the pre-operative scan) may also be included, but will be withdrawn if post-surgical staging remains IB.

Histopathologically confirmed NSCLC, or a strong suspicion of cancer on lung imaging necessitating surgery (e.g. diagnosis determined from frozen section in theatre)

  • Primary surgery in keeping with NICE guidelines planned (see section 9.3)
  • Agreement to be followed up at a TRACERx site
  • Performance status 0 or 1
  • Minimum tumour diameter at least 15mm to allow for sampling of at least two tumour regions (if 15mm, a high likelihood of nodal involvement on pre-operative imaging required to meet eligibility according to stage, i.e. T1N1-3)

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Any other* malignancy diagnosed or relapsed at any time, which is currently being treated (including by hormonal therapy).
  • Any other* current malignancy or malignancy diagnosed or relapsed within the past 3 years**.

    *Exceptions are: non-melanomatous skin cancer, stage 0 melanoma in situ, and in situ cervical cancer

    **An exception will be made for malignancies diagnosed or relapsed more than 2, but less than 3, years ago only if a pre-operative biopsy of the lung lesion has confirmed a diagnosis of NSCLC.

  • Psychological condition that would preclude informed consent
  • Treatment with neo-adjuvant therapy for current lung malignancy deemed necessary
  • Post-surgery staging is not IIA-IIIB
  • Known Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Hepatitis B Virus (HBV), Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) or syphilis infection.
  • Sufficient tissue, i.e. a minimum of two tumour regions, is unlikely to be obtained for the study based on pre-operative imaging
05

Study design

Observational model
Cohort
Time perspective
Prospective
Enrollment
814 participants (actual)
Patient registry
No
Biospecimen retention
Samples with dna

Groups and cohorts

  • NSCLC eligible for primary surgery

    NSCLC eligible for primary surgery

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Intratumour heterogeneity

    • Define the relationship between intratumour heterogeneity and clinical outcome following surgery and adjuvant therapy (including relationships between intratumour heterogeneity and clinical disease stage and histological subtypes of NSCLC).

    Time frame: Year 5

07

Study locations

18 sites
  • The Princess Alexandra Hospital NHS Trust
    Harlow, Essex CM20 1QX, United Kingdom
  • University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust
    Southampton, Hampshire SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
  • University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
    London, Select Region NW1 2PG, United Kingdom
  • Ashford and St Peter's Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
    Chertsey, Surrey KT16 0PZ, United Kingdom
  • Grampian Health Board
    Aberdeen, AB15 6RE, United Kingdom
  • Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust
    Birmingham, B9 5SS, United Kingdom
  • Cardiff and Vale University Health Board
    Cardiff, CF14 4XW, United Kingdom
  • NHS Greater Glasgow & Clyde
    Glasgow, United Kingdom
  • University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust
    Leicester, LE1 5WW, United Kingdom
  • Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital
    Liverpool, United Kingdom
  • Barts Health NHS Trust
    London, E1 1RD, United Kingdom
  • North Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust
    London, N18 1QX, United Kingdom
  • The Whittington Hospital NHS Trust, trading as Whittington Health
    London, N19 5NF, United Kingdom
  • Royal Free Hospital
    London, NW3 2QG, United Kingdom
  • Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust - Barnet Hospital
    London, NW3 2QG, United Kingdom
  • Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust
    London, SW3 6NP, United Kingdom
  • University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust
    Manchester, M23 9LT, United Kingdom
  • Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
    Sheffield, S5 7AU, United Kingdom
08

References and documents

Publications

  • Bernatz S, Prudente V, Pai S, Attermann AK, Di Federico A, Rowan A, Veeriah S, Dyrskjot L, Nurnberg L, Alessi JV, Ott PA, Sharon E, Hackshaw A, McGranahan N, Abbosh C, Mak RH, Bitterman D, Awad M, Ricciuti B, Swanton C, Jamal-Hanjani M, Birkbak NJ, Aerts HJWL. Thymic health and immunotherapy outcomes in patients with cancer. Nature. 2026 Apr;652(8111):995-1003. doi: 10.1038/s41586-026-10243-x. Epub 2026 Mar 18. PubMed 41851467 ↗
  • Black JRM, Bartha G, Abbott CW, Boyle SM, Karasaki T, Li B, Chen R, Harris J, Veeriah S, Colopi M, Bakir MA, Liu WK, Lyle J, Navarro FCP, Northcott J, Pyke RM, Hill MS, Thol K, Huebner A, Bailey C, Colliver EC, Martinez-Ruiz C, Grigoriadis K, Pawlik P, Moore DA, Marinelli D, Shutkever OG, Murphy C, Sivakumar M; TRACERx consortium; Shaw JA, Hackshaw A, McGranahan N, Jamal-Hanjani M, Frankell AM, Chen RO, Swanton C. Ultrasensitive ctDNA detection for preoperative disease stratification in early-stage lung adenocarcinoma. Nat Med. 2025 Jan;31(1):70-76. doi: 10.1038/s41591-024-03216-y. Epub 2025 Jan 13. PubMed 39806071 ↗
  • Biswas D, Liu YH, Herrero J, Wu Y, Moore DA, Karasaki T, Grigoriadis K, Lu WT, Veeriah S, Naceur-Lombardelli C, Magno N, Ward S, Frankell AM, Hill MS, Colliver E, de Carne Trecesson S, East P, Malhi A, Snell DM, O'Neill O, Leonce D, Mattsson J, Lindberg A, Micke P, Moldvay J, Megyesfalvi Z, Dome B, Fillinger J, Nicod J, Downward J, Szallasi Z; TRACERx Consortium; Hackshaw A, Jamal-Hanjani M, Kanu N, Birkbak NJ, Swanton C. Prospective validation of ORACLE, a clonal expression biomarker associated with survival of patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Nat Cancer. 2025 Jan;6(1):86-101. doi: 10.1038/s43018-024-00883-1. Epub 2025 Jan 9. PubMed 39789179 ↗
  • Pan X, AbdulJabbar K, Coelho-Lima J, Grapa AI, Zhang H, Cheung AHK, Baena J, Karasaki T, Wilson CR, Sereno M, Veeriah S, Aitken SJ, Hackshaw A, Nicholson AG, Jamal-Hanjani M; TRACERx Consortium; Swanton C, Yuan Y, Le Quesne J, Moore DA. The artificial intelligence-based model ANORAK improves histopathological grading of lung adenocarcinoma. Nat Cancer. 2024 Feb;5(2):347-363. doi: 10.1038/s43018-023-00694-w. Epub 2024 Jan 10. PubMed 38200244 ↗
  • Abbosh C, Frankell AM, Harrison T, Kisistok J, Garnett A, Johnson L, Veeriah S, Moreau M, Chesh A, Chaunzwa TL, Weiss J, Schroeder MR, Ward S, Grigoriadis K, Shahpurwalla A, Litchfield K, Puttick C, Biswas D, Karasaki T, Black JRM, Martinez-Ruiz C, Bakir MA, Pich O, Watkins TBK, Lim EL, Huebner A, Moore DA, Godin-Heymann N, L'Hernault A, Bye H, Odell A, Kalavakur P, Gomes F, Patel AJ, Manzano E, Hiley CT, Carey N, Riley J, Cook DE, Hodgson D, Stetson D, Barrett JC, Kortlever RM, Evan GI, Hackshaw A, Daber RD, Shaw JA, Aerts HJWL, Licon A, Stahl J, Jamal-Hanjani M; TRACERx Consortium; Birkbak NJ, McGranahan N, Swanton C. Tracking early lung cancer metastatic dissemination in TRACERx using ctDNA. Nature. 2023 Apr;616(7957):553-562. doi: 10.1038/s41586-023-05776-4. Epub 2023 Apr 13. PubMed 37055640 ↗
  • Frankell AM, Dietzen M, Al Bakir M, Lim EL, Karasaki T, Ward S, Veeriah S, Colliver E, Huebner A, Bunkum A, Hill MS, Grigoriadis K, Moore DA, Black JRM, Liu WK, Thol K, Pich O, Watkins TBK, Naceur-Lombardelli C, Cook DE, Salgado R, Wilson GA, Bailey C, Angelova M, Bentham R, Martinez-Ruiz C, Abbosh C, Nicholson AG, Le Quesne J, Biswas D, Rosenthal R, Puttick C, Hessey S, Lee C, Prymas P, Toncheva A, Smith J, Xing W, Nicod J, Price G, Kerr KM, Naidu B, Middleton G, Blyth KG, Fennell DA, Forster MD, Lee SM, Falzon M, Hewish M, Shackcloth MJ, Lim E, Benafif S, Russell P, Boleti E, Krebs MG, Lester JF, Papadatos-Pastos D, Ahmad T, Thakrar RM, Lawrence D, Navani N, Janes SM, Dive C, Blackhall FH, Summers Y, Cave J, Marafioti T, Herrero J, Quezada SA, Peggs KS, Schwarz RF, Van Loo P, Miedema DM, Birkbak NJ, Hiley CT, Hackshaw A, Zaccaria S; TRACERx Consortium; Jamal-Hanjani M, McGranahan N, Swanton C. The evolution of lung cancer and impact of subclonal selection in TRACERx. Nature. 2023 Apr;616(7957):525-533. doi: 10.1038/s41586-023-05783-5. Epub 2023 Apr 12. PubMed 37046096 ↗
  • Al Bakir M, Huebner A, Martinez-Ruiz C, Grigoriadis K, Watkins TBK, Pich O, Moore DA, Veeriah S, Ward S, Laycock J, Johnson D, Rowan A, Razaq M, Akther M, Naceur-Lombardelli C, Prymas P, Toncheva A, Hessey S, Dietzen M, Colliver E, Frankell AM, Bunkum A, Lim EL, Karasaki T, Abbosh C, Hiley CT, Hill MS, Cook DE, Wilson GA, Salgado R, Nye E, Stone RK, Fennell DA, Price G, Kerr KM, Naidu B, Middleton G, Summers Y, Lindsay CR, Blackhall FH, Cave J, Blyth KG, Nair A, Ahmed A, Taylor MN, Procter AJ, Falzon M, Lawrence D, Navani N, Thakrar RM, Janes SM, Papadatos-Pastos D, Forster MD, Lee SM, Ahmad T, Quezada SA, Peggs KS, Van Loo P, Dive C, Hackshaw A, Birkbak NJ, Zaccaria S; TRACERx Consortium; Jamal-Hanjani M, McGranahan N, Swanton C. The evolution of non-small cell lung cancer metastases in TRACERx. Nature. 2023 Apr;616(7957):534-542. doi: 10.1038/s41586-023-05729-x. Epub 2023 Apr 12. PubMed 37046095 ↗
  • Ng KW, Boumelha J, Enfield KSS, Almagro J, Cha H, Pich O, Karasaki T, Moore DA, Salgado R, Sivakumar M, Young G, Molina-Arcas M, de Carne Trecesson S, Anastasiou P, Fendler A, Au L, Shepherd STC, Martinez-Ruiz C, Puttick C, Black JRM, Watkins TBK, Kim H, Shim S, Faulkner N, Attig J, Veeriah S, Magno N, Ward S, Frankell AM, Al Bakir M, Lim EL, Hill MS, Wilson GA, Cook DE, Birkbak NJ, Behrens A, Yousaf N, Popat S, Hackshaw A; TRACERx Consortium; CAPTURE Consortium; Hiley CT, Litchfield K, McGranahan N, Jamal-Hanjani M, Larkin J, Lee SH, Turajlic S, Swanton C, Downward J, Kassiotis G. Antibodies against endogenous retroviruses promote lung cancer immunotherapy. Nature. 2023 Apr;616(7957):563-573. doi: 10.1038/s41586-023-05771-9. Epub 2023 Apr 12. PubMed 37046094 ↗
  • Martinez-Ruiz C, Black JRM, Puttick C, Hill MS, Demeulemeester J, Larose Cadieux E, Thol K, Jones TP, Veeriah S, Naceur-Lombardelli C, Toncheva A, Prymas P, Rowan A, Ward S, Cubitt L, Athanasopoulou F, Pich O, Karasaki T, Moore DA, Salgado R, Colliver E, Castignani C, Dietzen M, Huebner A, Al Bakir M, Tanic M, Watkins TBK, Lim EL, Al-Rashed AM, Lang D, Clements J, Cook DE, Rosenthal R, Wilson GA, Frankell AM, de Carne Trecesson S, East P, Kanu N, Litchfield K, Birkbak NJ, Hackshaw A, Beck S, Van Loo P, Jamal-Hanjani M; TRACERx Consortium; Swanton C, McGranahan N. Genomic-transcriptomic evolution in lung cancer and metastasis. Nature. 2023 Apr;616(7957):543-552. doi: 10.1038/s41586-023-05706-4. Epub 2023 Apr 12. PubMed 37046093 ↗
  • AbdulJabbar K, Raza SEA, Rosenthal R, Jamal-Hanjani M, Veeriah S, Akarca A, Lund T, Moore DA, Salgado R, Al Bakir M, Zapata L, Hiley CT, Officer L, Sereno M, Smith CR, Loi S, Hackshaw A, Marafioti T, Quezada SA, McGranahan N, Le Quesne J; TRACERx Consortium; Swanton C, Yuan Y. Geospatial immune variability illuminates differential evolution of lung adenocarcinoma. Nat Med. 2020 Jul;26(7):1054-1062. doi: 10.1038/s41591-020-0900-x. Epub 2020 May 27. PubMed 32461698 ↗
  • Hynds RE, Ben Aissa A, Gowers KHC, Watkins TBK, Bosshard-Carter L, Rowan AJ, Veeriah S, Wilson GA, Quezada SA, Swanton C; TRACERx Consortium; Janes SM. Expansion of airway basal epithelial cells from primary human non-small cell lung cancer tumors. Int J Cancer. 2018 Jul 1;143(1):160-166. doi: 10.1002/ijc.31383. Epub 2018 Apr 6. PubMed 29569246 ↗
  • Jamal-Hanjani M, Wilson GA, McGranahan N, Birkbak NJ, Watkins TBK, Veeriah S, Shafi S, Johnson DH, Mitter R, Rosenthal R, Salm M, Horswell S, Escudero M, Matthews N, Rowan A, Chambers T, Moore DA, Turajlic S, Xu H, Lee SM, Forster MD, Ahmad T, Hiley CT, Abbosh C, Falzon M, Borg E, Marafioti T, Lawrence D, Hayward M, Kolvekar S, Panagiotopoulos N, Janes SM, Thakrar R, Ahmed A, Blackhall F, Summers Y, Shah R, Joseph L, Quinn AM, Crosbie PA, Naidu B, Middleton G, Langman G, Trotter S, Nicolson M, Remmen H, Kerr K, Chetty M, Gomersall L, Fennell DA, Nakas A, Rathinam S, Anand G, Khan S, Russell P, Ezhil V, Ismail B, Irvin-Sellers M, Prakash V, Lester JF, Kornaszewska M, Attanoos R, Adams H, Davies H, Dentro S, Taniere P, O'Sullivan B, Lowe HL, Hartley JA, Iles N, Bell H, Ngai Y, Shaw JA, Herrero J, Szallasi Z, Schwarz RF, Stewart A, Quezada SA, Le Quesne J, Van Loo P, Dive C, Hackshaw A, Swanton C; TRACERx Consortium. Tracking the Evolution of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. N Engl J Med. 2017 Jun 1;376(22):2109-2121. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1616288. Epub 2017 Apr 26. PubMed 28445112 ↗
09

Updates

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on May 4, 2026, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT01888601
Lead sponsor
University College, London
Collaborators
Cancer Research UK
Responsible party
Sponsor
First posted
Jun 28, 2013
Start date
Apr 2014
Primary completion
Nov 2035 (estimated)
Completion
Nov 2035 (estimated)
Last update
May 4, 2026

Study contacts

Charles Swanton
principal investigator · Chief Investigator

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
Yes
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

Not currently enrolling

This study is active, not recruiting, as verified in Apr 2026. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

Follow this study

Get an email when the registry record changes — status, dates, results — or when someone posts here.

Sign in to follow

Discussion

Questions and observations about this study, from anyone following it. Not medical advice, and not a channel to the study team — their contact details are on the registry record.

Sign in to join the discussion. Reading takes no account; posting does. You choose a display name, and a pseudonym is the default.

Nothing here yet. If you are running this trial, taking part in it, or weighing whether to, this is the place to say so.

Start the discussion