ClinicalTrials.gg
CompletedNCT01741350Updated Sep 2, 2026Results posted

Testing a Community-Friendly Risk Reduction Intervention for Injection Drug Users

An interventional study of Community-friendly Health Recovery Program and Time-and-Attention-Matched Control Condition in HIV and Opioid Dependence, sponsored by University of Connecticut. Completed at 1 site in United States. Open to participants aged 18 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-09-02.

Sponsored by University of Connecticut · Not applicable, Interventional, and Treatment

Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
304
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
18 Years and older
Sex
All
01

Study summary

To conduct a randomized clinical trial (RCT) of a community-friendly behavioral intervention designed to reduce HIV risk behavior among injection drug users (IDUs) in drug treatment by comparing risk-behavior outcomes of four weekly intervention sessions with a time-and-attention-matched control condition.

Read the detailed description

This research study will test the effects of CHRP, a community-friendly risk reduction intervention, which is based on the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills model of health behavior change (IMB; Fisher \& Fisher, 1992), and, thus, is designed to enhance knowledge, motivation, and behavior skills for reducing drug- and sex-related HIV risk behaviors. Outcomes assessed will include urine toxicology screens, self-reported HIV drug- and sex-related HIV risk behavior, HIV/AIDS knowledge, risk reduction motivation, and risk reduction behavioral skills.

To measure the effects of CHRP, the investigators are proposing a two-condition (standard of care plus the CHRP intervention vs. standard of care plus a time-and-attention matched control condition) randomized design, balancing for participant gender. The investigators will assess participants at baseline, immediately post-intervention (i.e., at 4 weeks), and at 3-, 6-, and 12-month measurement points following the intervention. This assessment approach will allow the investigators to examine the trajectory of HIV risk reduction change including the decay or emergence of intervention effects.

02

Conditions studied

  • HIV
  • Opioid Dependence

Keywords

  • Methadone-maintenance
  • HIV
  • Risk behavior
  • Injection drug use
  • Condom use
  • Health care participation
  • Opioid replacement therapy
03

In context

Opioid-Related Disorders

1,472 studies on the registry are indexed under Opioid-Related Disorders; 290 are open to participants now.

This study's enrollment of 304 is above the median of 63 across 1,166 interventional studies indexed under Opioid-Related Disorders.

Browse Opioid-Related Disorders studies →

Lead sponsor

University of Connecticut is the lead sponsor of 135 studies on the registry; 19 are open to participants now.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years and older
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Inclusion criteria

  • At least 18 years of age
  • Opioid-dependent and seeking methadone maintenance treatment
  • Report drug- or sex-related risk behavior in previous 6 months
  • Able to read and understand the questionnaires, Audio Computer Assisted Self Interview (ACASI), and consent form
  • Available for the full duration of the study with no anticipated circumstances impeding participation (e.g., jail term)
  • Not actively suicidal, homicidal, or psychotic as assessed by trained research staff under the supervision of a licensed clinical psychologist

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

Terms in these criteria, in plain language(1)

Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.

HIV

The human immunodeficiency virus, which weakens the immune system.

Many studies now accept people whose HIV is controlled on treatment, judged by the viral load and the CD4 count. Check the limits this study sets.

05

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
None (open label)
Enrollment
304 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    CHRP Group

    Patients assigned to Community-friendly Health Recovery Program (CHRP) will receive a weekly HIV risk reduction group level intervention led by two facilitators trained and supervised by the PI, a licensed clinical psychologist. The CHRP intervention is a substantially shortened version of the comprehensive Holistic Health Recovery Program (HHRP)-based interventions that have been identified as demonstrating evidence of effectiveness in two randomized clinical trials. The CHRP, which includes four 50-minute groups (1 group per week), will contain only content that relates explicitly to drug- or sex-related HIV risk reduction. Participants in both conditions will receive routine clinical services (i.e., daily methadone and case management).

    Behavioral: Community-friendly Health Recovery Program

  • Active comparator
    Control Condition

    The time-and-attention-matched control condition for the proposed research will be a time and contact-matched, non-contaminating support group for individuals in recovery modeled after similar groups offered in the community. There will be no overlap between the content of the comparison intervention and experimental intervention although the basic structure will be the same. Thus, each participant will be asked to attend four 50-minute weekly group sessions led by two trained facilitators. Participants in both conditions will receive routine clinical services (i.e., daily methadone and case management).

    Behavioral: Time-and-Attention-Matched Control Condition

Interventions

  • BehavioralCommunity-friendly Health Recovery Program

    Four weekly HIV risk-reduction groups and routine clinical services (i.e., daily methadone and case management).

    Also known as: CHRP

  • BehavioralTime-and-Attention-Matched Control Condition

    Four weekly support groups and routine clinical services (i.e., daily methadone and case management).

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Demonstrated Drug Risk Reduction Skills (0-100%)

    Participants' HIV risk reduction skills were assessed by having participants demonstrate the steps necessary to properly clean a needle/syringe.

    Time frame: Baseline

  2. Demonstrated Drug Risk Reduction Skills (0-100%)

    Participants' HIV risk reduction skills were assessed by having participants demonstrate the steps necessary to properly clean a needle/syringe.

    Time frame: Immediately Post-Intervention, at 4 weeks

  3. Demonstrated Drug Risk Reduction Skills (0-100%)

    Participants' HIV risk reduction skills were assessed by having participants demonstrate the steps necessary to properly clean a needle/syringe.

    Time frame: 3-month follow up

  4. Demonstrated Drug Risk Reduction Skills (0-100%)

    Participants' HIV risk reduction skills were assessed by having participants demonstrate the steps necessary to properly clean a needle/syringe.

    Time frame: 6-month follow up

  5. Demonstrated Drug Risk Reduction Skills (0-100%)

    Participants' HIV risk reduction skills were assessed by having participants demonstrate the steps necessary to properly clean a needle/syringe.

    Time frame: 12-month follow up

  6. Safer Drug Use (0-4)

    Participants completed a self-reported assessment that asks about IV-sharing behavior and were assessed on a scale of 0-4, with higher scores indicating safer drug use.

    Time frame: Baseline

  7. Safer Drug Use (0-4)

    Participants completed a self-reported assessment that asks about IV-sharing behavior and were assessed on a scale of 0-4, with higher scores indicating safer drug use.

    Time frame: Immediately Post-Intervention, at 4 weeks

  8. Safer Drug Use (0-4)

    Participants completed a self-reported assessment that asks about IV-sharing behavior and were assessed on a scale of 0-4, with higher scores indicating safer drug use.

    Time frame: 3-month follow up

  9. Safer Drug Use (0-4)

    Participants completed a self-reported assessment that asks about IV-sharing behavior and were assessed on a scale of 0-4, with higher scores indicating safer drug use.

    Time frame: 6-month follow up

  10. Safer Drug Use (0-4)

    Participants completed a self-reported assessment that asks about IV-sharing behavior and were assessed on a scale of 0-4, with higher scores indicating safer drug use.

    Time frame: 12-month follow up

  11. Drug-related HIV-risk Reduction Knowledge (0-1)

    Participants completed an assessment that covers information about drug-related HIV-risk reduction (e.g.,"If an HIV+ person shared needles with another HIV+ person, they don't need to clean the needles") and were rated on a scale of 0 to 1 (higher values representing greater risk reduction knowledge).

    Time frame: Baseline

  12. Drug-related HIV-risk Reduction Knowledge (0-1)

    Participants completed an assessment that covers information about drug-related HIV-risk reduction (e.g.,"If an HIV+ person shared needles with another HIV+ person, they don't need to clean the needles") and were rated on a scale of 0 to 1 (higher values representing greater risk reduction knowledge).

    Time frame: Immediately Post-Intervention, at 4 weeks

  13. Drug-related HIV-risk Reduction Knowledge (0-1)

    Participants completed an assessment that covers information about drug-related HIV-risk reduction (e.g.,"If an HIV+ person shared needles with another HIV+ person, they don't need to clean the needles") and were rated on a scale of 0 to 1 (higher values representing greater risk reduction knowledge).

    Time frame: 3-month follow up

  14. Drug-related HIV-risk Reduction Knowledge (0-1)

    Participants completed an assessment that covers information about drug-related HIV-risk reduction (e.g.,"If an HIV+ person shared needles with another HIV+ person, they don't need to clean the needles") and were rated on a scale of 0 to 1 (higher values representing greater risk reduction knowledge).

    Time frame: 6-month follow up

  15. Drug-related HIV-risk Reduction Knowledge (0-1)

    Participants completed an assessment that covers information about drug-related HIV-risk reduction (e.g.,"If an HIV+ person shared needles with another HIV+ person, they don't need to clean the needles").

    Time frame: 12-month follow up

  16. Personal Motivation to Reduce Drug-related HIV-Risk Behavior (1-5)

    Participants completed a questionnaire assessing their personal motivation to reduce HIV risk behavior (e.g., "I plan to always use clean needles if I shoot up drugs during the next six months") and rated on a scale of 1 to 5, with higher scores indicating stronger motivation to reduce HIV-risk behavior.

    Time frame: Baseline

  17. Personal Motivation to Reduce Drug-related HIV-Risk Behavior (1-5)

    Participants completed a questionnaire assessing their personal motivation to reduce HIV risk behavior (e.g., "I plan to always use clean needles if I shoot up drugs during the next six months") and rated on a scale of 1 to 5, with higher scores indicating stronger motivation to reduce HIV-risk behavior.

    Time frame: Immediately Post-Intervention, at 4 weeks

  18. Personal Motivation to Reduce Drug-related HIV-Risk Behavior (1-5)

    Participants completed a questionnaire assessing their personal motivation to reduce HIV risk behavior (e.g., "I plan to always use clean needles if I shoot up drugs during the next six months") and rated on a scale of 1 to 5, with higher scores indicating stronger motivation to reduce HIV-risk behavior.

    Time frame: 3-month follow up

  19. Personal Motivation to Reduce Drug-related HIV-Risk Behavior (1-5)

    Participants completed a questionnaire assessing their personal motivation to reduce HIV risk behavior (e.g., "I plan to always use clean needles if I shoot up drugs during the next six months") and rated on a scale of 1 to 5, with higher scores indicating stronger motivation to reduce HIV-risk behavior.

    Time frame: 6-month follow up

  20. Personal Motivation to Reduce Drug-related HIV-Risk Behavior (1-5)

    Participants completed a questionnaire assessing their personal motivation to reduce HIV risk behavior (e.g., "I plan to always use clean needles if I shoot up drugs during the next six months") and rated on a scale of 1 to 5, with higher scores indicating stronger motivation to reduce HIV-risk behavior.

    Time frame: 12-month follow up

  21. Social Motivation to Reduce Drug-related HIV-Risk Behavior (1-5)

    Participants completed a questionnaire assessing their social motivation to reduce HIV risk behavior (e.g., "Most people who are important to me think I should always clean my needles before I share them with someone else during the next three months") and rated on a scale of 1 to 5, with higher scores indicating stronger social motivation to reduce HIV-risk behavior.

    Time frame: Baseline

  22. Social Motivation to Reduce Drug-related HIV-Risk Behavior (1-5)

    Participants completed a questionnaire assessing their social motivation to reduce HIV risk behavior (e.g., "Most people who are important to me think I should always clean my needles before I share them with someone else during the next three months") and rated on a scale of 1 to 5, with higher scores indicating stronger social motivation to reduce HIV-risk behavior.

    Time frame: Immediately Post-Intervention, at 4 weeks

  23. Social Motivation to Reduce Drug-related HIV-Risk Behavior (1-5)

    Participants completed a questionnaire assessing their social motivation to reduce HIV risk behavior (e.g., "Most people who are important to me think I should always clean my needles before I share them with someone else during the next three months") and rated on a scale of 1 to 5, with higher scores indicating stronger social motivation to reduce HIV-risk behavior.

    Time frame: 3-month follow up

  24. Social Motivation to Reduce Drug-related HIV-Risk Behavior (1-5)

    Participants completed a questionnaire assessing their social motivation to reduce HIV risk behavior (e.g., "Most people who are important to me think I should always clean my needles before I share them with someone else during the next three months") and rated on a scale of 1 to 5, with higher scores indicating stronger social motivation to reduce HIV-risk behavior.

    Time frame: 6-month follow up

  25. Social Motivation to Reduce Drug-related HIV-Risk Behavior (1-5)

    Participants completed a questionnaire assessing their social motivation to reduce HIV risk behavior (e.g., "Most people who are important to me think I should always clean my needles before I share them with someone else during the next three months") and rated on a scale of 1 to 5, with higher scores indicating stronger social motivation to reduce HIV-risk behavior.

    Time frame: 12-month follow up

  26. Self-efficacy to Reduce Drug-related HIV-Risk Behavior (1-5)

    Participants completed a questionnaire assessing their self-efficacy about reducing HIV risk behavior (e.g., "How hard would it be for you to always use condoms") and rated on a scale of 1 to 5, with higher scores indicating greater self-efficacy to reduce HIV-risk behavior.

    Time frame: Baseline

  27. Self-efficacy to Reduce Drug-related HIV-Risk Behavior (1-5)

    Participants completed a questionnaire assessing their self-efficacy about reducing HIV risk behavior (e.g., "How hard would it be for you to always use condoms") and rated on a scale of 1 to 5, with higher scores indicating greater self-efficacy to reduce HIV-risk behavior.

    Time frame: Immediately Post-Intervention, at 4 weeks

  28. Self-efficacy to Reduce Drug-related HIV-Risk Behavior (1-5)

    Participants completed a questionnaire assessing their self-efficacy about reducing HIV risk behavior (e.g., "How hard would it be for you to always use condoms") and rated on a scale of 1 to 5, with higher scores indicating greater self-efficacy to reduce HIV-risk behavior.

    Time frame: 3-month follow up

  29. Self-efficacy to Reduce Drug-related HIV-Risk Behavior (1-5)

    Participants completed a questionnaire assessing their self-efficacy about reducing HIV risk behavior (e.g., "How hard would it be for you to always use condoms") and rated on a scale of 1 to 5, with higher scores indicating greater self-efficacy to reduce HIV-risk behavior.

    Time frame: 6-month follow up

  30. Self-efficacy to Reduce Drug-related HIV-Risk Behavior (1-5)

    Participants completed a questionnaire assessing their self-efficacy about reducing HIV risk behavior (e.g., "How hard would it be for you to always use condoms") and rated on a scale of 1 to 5, with higher scores indicating greater self-efficacy to reduce HIV-risk behavior.

    Time frame: 12-month follow up

  31. Female Condom Skills (0-100%)

    Participants' HIV risk reduction behavioral skills were assessed based on the percentage of correct necessary steps demonstrated to properly select and apply a female condom using a replica.

    Time frame: Baseline

  32. Female Condom Skills (0-100%)

    Participants' HIV risk reduction behavioral skills were assessed based on the percentage of correct necessary steps demonstrated to properly select and apply a female condom using a replica.

    Time frame: Immediately Post-Intervention, at 4 weeks

  33. Female Condom Skills (0-100%)

    Participants' HIV risk reduction behavioral skills were assessed based on the percentage of correct necessary steps demonstrated to properly select and apply a female condom using a replica.

    Time frame: 3-month follow up

  34. Female Condom Skills (0-100%)

    Participants' HIV risk reduction behavioral skills were assessed based on the percentage of correct necessary steps demonstrated to properly select and apply a female condom using a replica.

    Time frame: 6-month follow up

  35. Female Condom Skills (0-100%)

    Participants' HIV risk reduction behavioral skills were assessed based on the percentage of correct necessary steps demonstrated to properly select and apply a female condom using a replica.

    Time frame: 12-month follow up

  36. Male Condom Skills (0-100%)

    Participants' HIV risk reduction behavioral skills were assessed based on the percentage of correct necessary steps demonstrated to properly select and apply a male condom using a replica.

    Time frame: Baseline

  37. Male Condom Skills (0-100%)

    Participants' HIV risk reduction behavioral skills were assessed based on the percentage of correct necessary steps demonstrated to properly select and apply a male condom using a replica.

    Time frame: Immediately Post-Intervention, at 4 weeks

  38. Male Condom Skills (0-100%)

    Participants' HIV risk reduction behavioral skills were assessed based on the percentage of correct necessary steps demonstrated to properly select and apply a male condom using a replica.

    Time frame: 3-month follow up

  39. Male Condom Skills (0-100%)

    Participants' HIV risk reduction behavioral skills were assessed based on the percentage of correct necessary steps demonstrated to properly select and apply a male condom using a replica.

    Time frame: 6-month follow up

  40. Male Condom Skills (0-100%)

    Participants' HIV risk reduction behavioral skills were assessed based on the percentage of correct necessary steps demonstrated to properly select and apply a male condom using a replica.

    Time frame: 12-month follow up

  41. Condom Use (0-4)

    Participants were asked: "In the past week, how much of the time did you use a condom or other latex protection when you had oral, anal, or vaginal sex?" and rated on scale of 0 to 4, with indicating greater condom use.

    Time frame: Baseline

  42. Condom Use (0-4)

    Participants were asked: "In the past week, how much of the time did you use a condom or other latex protection when you had oral, anal, or vaginal sex?" and rated on scale of 0 to 4, with indicating greater condom use.

    Time frame: Immediately Post-Intervention, at 4 weeks

  43. Condom Use (0-4)

    Participants were asked: "In the past week, how much of the time did you use a condom or other latex protection when you had oral, anal, or vaginal sex?" and rated on scale of 0 to 4, with indicating greater condom use.

    Time frame: 3-month follow up

  44. Condom Use (0-4)

    Participants were asked: "In the past week, how much of the time did you use a condom or other latex protection when you had oral, anal, or vaginal sex?" and rated on scale of 0 to 4, with indicating greater condom use.

    Time frame: 6-month follow up

  45. Condom Use (0-4)

    Participants were asked: "In the past week, how much of the time did you use a condom or other latex protection when you had oral, anal, or vaginal sex?" and rated on scale of 0 to 4, with indicating greater condom use.

    Time frame: 12-month follow up

  46. Sex-related HIV-risk Reduction Knowledge (0-1)

    Participants' knowledge of sex-related HIV-risk reduction was assessed by being asked: "If an HIV positive person only has sex with another HIV positive person, they don't need to use condoms" and rated on a scale of 0 to 1, with a higher score indicating greater HIV-risk reduction knowledge.

    Time frame: Baseline

  47. Sex-related HIV-risk Reduction Knowledge (0-1)

    Participants' knowledge of sex-related HIV-risk reduction was assessed by being asked: "If an HIV positive person only has sex with another HIV positive person, they don't need to use condoms" and rated on a scale of 0 to 1, with a higher score indicating greater HIV-risk reduction knowledge.

    Time frame: Immediately Post-Intervention, at 4 weeks

  48. Sex-related HIV-risk Reduction Knowledge (0-1)

    Participants' knowledge of sex-related HIV-risk reduction was assessed by being asked: "If an HIV positive person only has sex with another HIV positive person, they don't need to use condoms" and rated on a scale of 0 to 1, with a higher score indicating greater HIV-risk reduction knowledge.

    Time frame: 3-month follow up

  49. Sex-related HIV-risk Reduction Knowledge (0-1)

    Participants' knowledge of sex-related HIV-risk reduction was assessed by being asked: "If an HIV positive person only has sex with another HIV positive person, they don't need to use condoms" and rated on a scale of 0 to 1, with a higher score indicating greater HIV-risk reduction knowledge.

    Time frame: 6-month follow up

  50. Sex-related HIV-risk Reduction Knowledge (0-1)

    Participants' knowledge of sex-related HIV-risk reduction was assessed by being asked: "If an HIV positive person only has sex with another HIV positive person, they don't need to use condoms" and rated on a scale of 0 to 1, with a higher score indicating greater HIV-risk reduction knowledge.

    Time frame: 12-month follow up

  51. Personal Motivation to Reduce Sex-related HIV- Risk Behavior (1-5)

    Participants completed a questionnaire assessing their personal motivation to reduce sex-related HIV-risk behavior (e.g., "Always using condoms during sexual intercourse during the next three months would be good") and were rated on a scale of 1 to 5, with a higher score indicating greater personal motivation to reduce HIV-risk behavior.

    Time frame: Baseline

  52. Personal Motivation to Reduce Sex-related HIV- Risk Behavior (1-5)

    Participants completed a questionnaire assessing their personal motivation to reduce sex-related HIV-risk behavior (e.g., "Always using condoms during sexual intercourse during the next three months would be good") and were rated on a scale of 1 to 5, with a higher score indicating greater personal motivation to reduce HIV-risk behavior.

    Time frame: Immediately Post-Intervention, at 4 weeks

  53. Personal Motivation to Reduce Sex-related HIV- Risk Behavior (1-5)

    Participants completed a questionnaire assessing their personal motivation to reduce sex-related HIV-risk behavior (e.g., "Always using condoms during sexual intercourse during the next three months would be good") and were rated on a scale of 1 to 5, with a higher score indicating greater personal motivation to reduce HIV-risk behavior.

    Time frame: 3-month follow up

  54. Personal Motivation to Reduce Sex-related HIV- Risk Behavior (1-5)

    Participants completed a questionnaire assessing their personal motivation to reduce sex-related HIV-risk behavior (e.g., "Always using condoms during sexual intercourse during the next three months would be good") and were rated on a scale of 1 to 5, with a higher score indicating greater personal motivation to reduce HIV-risk behavior.

    Time frame: 6-month follow up

  55. Personal Motivation to Reduce Sex-related HIV- Risk Behavior (1-5)

    Participants completed a questionnaire assessing their personal motivation to reduce sex-related HIV-risk behavior (e.g., "Always using condoms during sexual intercourse during the next three months would be good") and were rated on a scale of 1 to 5, with a higher score indicating greater personal motivation to reduce HIV-risk behavior.

    Time frame: 12-month follow up

  56. Social Motivation to Reduce Sex-related HIV- Risk Behavior (1-5)

    Participants completed a questionnaire assessing their social motivation to reduce sex-related HIV-risk behavior (e.g., "Most people who are important to me think I should always use condoms during sexual intercourse in the next three months") and were rated on a scale of 1 to 5, with a higher score indicating stronger social motivation to reduce HIV-risk behavior.

    Time frame: Baseline

  57. Social Motivation to Reduce Sex-related HIV- Risk Behavior (1-5)

    Participants completed a questionnaire assessing their social motivation to reduce sex-related HIV-risk behavior (e.g., "Most people who are important to me think I should always use condoms during sexual intercourse in the next three months") and were rated on a scale of 1 to 5, with a higher score indicating stronger social motivation to reduce HIV-risk behavior.

    Time frame: Immediately Post-Intervention, at 4 weeks

  58. Social Motivation to Reduce Sex-related HIV- Risk Behavior (1-5)

    Participants completed a questionnaire assessing their social motivation to reduce sex-related HIV-risk behavior (e.g., "Most people who are important to me think I should always use condoms during sexual intercourse in the next three months") and were rated on a scale of 1 to 5, with a higher score indicating stronger social motivation to reduce HIV-risk behavior.

    Time frame: 3-month follow up

  59. Social Motivation to Reduce Sex-related HIV- Risk Behavior (1-5)

    Participants completed a questionnaire assessing their social motivation to reduce sex-related HIV-risk behavior (e.g., "Most people who are important to me think I should always use condoms during sexual intercourse in the next three months") and were rated on a scale of 1 to 5, with a higher score indicating stronger social motivation to reduce HIV-risk behavior.

    Time frame: 6-month follow up

  60. Social Motivation to Reduce Sex-related HIV- Risk Behavior (1-5)

    Participants completed a questionnaire assessing their social motivation to reduce sex-related HIV-risk behavior (e.g., "Most people who are important to me think I should always use condoms during sexual intercourse in the next three months") and were rated on a scale of 1 to 5, with a higher score indicating stronger social motivation to reduce HIV-risk behavior.

    Time frame: 12-month follow up

  61. Self-efficacy to Reduce Sex-related HIV- Risk Behavior (1-5)

    Participants completed a questionnaire assessing their self-efficacy about reducing sex-related HIV-risk behavior (e.g., "If asked, I am confident I could demonstrate how to use male condom and female condoms correctly") and were rated on a scale of 1 to 5, with a higher score indicating greater self-efficacy to reduce sex-related HIV-risk behavior.

    Time frame: Baseline

  62. Self-efficacy to Reduce Sex-related HIV- Risk Behavior (1-5)

    Participants completed a questionnaire assessing their self-efficacy about reducing sex-related HIV-risk behavior (e.g., "If asked, I am confident I could demonstrate how to use male condom and female condoms correctly") and were rated on a scale of 1 to 5, with a higher score indicating greater self-efficacy to reduce sex-related HIV-risk behavior.

    Time frame: Immediately Post-Intervention, at 4 weeks

  63. Self-efficacy to Reduce Sex-related HIV- Risk Behavior (1-5)

    Participants completed a questionnaire assessing their self-efficacy about reducing sex-related HIV-risk behavior (e.g., "If asked, I am confident I could demonstrate how to use male condom and female condoms correctly") and were rated on a scale of 1 to 5, with a higher score indicating greater self-efficacy to reduce sex-related HIV-risk behavior.

    Time frame: 3-month follow up

  64. Self-efficacy to Reduce Sex-related HIV- Risk Behavior (1-5)

    Participants completed a questionnaire assessing their self-efficacy about reducing sex-related HIV-risk behavior (e.g., "If asked, I am confident I could demonstrate how to use male condom and female condoms correctly") and were rated on a scale of 1 to 5, with a higher score indicating greater self-efficacy to reduce sex-related HIV-risk behavior.

    Time frame: 6-month follow up

  65. Self-efficacy to Reduce Sex-related HIV- Risk Behavior (1-5)

    Participants completed a questionnaire assessing their self-efficacy about reducing sex-related HIV-risk behavior (e.g., "If asked, I am confident I could demonstrate how to use male condom and female condoms correctly") and were rated on a scale of 1 to 5, with a higher score indicating greater self-efficacy to reduce sex-related HIV-risk behavior.

    Time frame: 12-month follow up

07

Results

Posted Feb 27, 2014
Limitations and caveats
The drug-risk reducing effects of methadone may have restricted our ability to detect intervention effects on drug-related outcomes. Participants may have also been reluctant to report HIV risk related behaviors.

Participant flow

A total of 648 participants were screened from March 2007 through August 2010 from a methadone maintenance program in New Haven, Connecticut.

Study Intervention
Participant flow — Study Intervention
MilestoneCHRP GroupControl Condition
Started149155
Completed149155
Not completed00
Post Intervention Assessment (at week 4)
Participant flow — Post Intervention Assessment (at week 4)
MilestoneCHRP GroupControl Condition
Started149155
Completed135141
Not completed1414
3-Month Follow-up Assessment
Participant flow — 3-Month Follow-up Assessment
MilestoneCHRP GroupControl Condition
Started135141
Completed129119
Not completed622
6-Month Follow-up Assessment
Participant flow — 6-Month Follow-up Assessment
MilestoneCHRP GroupControl Condition
Started129119
Completed114111
Not completed158
12-Month Follow-up Assessment
Participant flow — 12-Month Follow-up Assessment
MilestoneCHRP GroupControl Condition
Started114111
Completed111109
Not completed32

Outcome measures

PrimaryDemonstrated Drug Risk Reduction Skills (0-100%)

Participants' HIV risk reduction skills were assessed by having participants demonstrate the steps necessary to properly clean a needle/syringe.

Time frame:
Baseline
Reported as:
Mean · Percentage of correct steps
Demonstrated Drug Risk Reduction Skills (0-100%)
Percentage of correct stepsCHRP GroupControl Condition
Demonstrated Drug Risk Reduction Skills (0-100%)40.60 ± 1.9942.75 ± 2.09
PrimaryDemonstrated Drug Risk Reduction Skills (0-100%)

Participants' HIV risk reduction skills were assessed by having participants demonstrate the steps necessary to properly clean a needle/syringe.

Time frame:
Immediately Post-Intervention, at 4 weeks
Reported as:
Mean · Percentage of correct steps
Demonstrated Drug Risk Reduction Skills (0-100%)
Percentage of correct stepsCHRP GroupControl Condition
Demonstrated Drug Risk Reduction Skills (0-100%)76.37 ± 2.0353.11 ± 2.14
PrimaryDemonstrated Drug Risk Reduction Skills (0-100%)

Participants' HIV risk reduction skills were assessed by having participants demonstrate the steps necessary to properly clean a needle/syringe.

Time frame:
3-month follow up
Reported as:
Mean · Percentage of correct steps
Demonstrated Drug Risk Reduction Skills (0-100%)
Percentage of correct stepsCHRP GroupControl Condition
Demonstrated Drug Risk Reduction Skills (0-100%)69.59 ± 2.0460.34 ± 2.15
PrimaryDemonstrated Drug Risk Reduction Skills (0-100%)

Participants' HIV risk reduction skills were assessed by having participants demonstrate the steps necessary to properly clean a needle/syringe.

Time frame:
6-month follow up
Reported as:
Mean · Percentage of correct steps
Demonstrated Drug Risk Reduction Skills (0-100%)
Percentage of correct stepsCHRP GroupControl Condition
Demonstrated Drug Risk Reduction Skills (0-100%)74.12 ± 1.9763.12 ± 2.07
PrimaryDemonstrated Drug Risk Reduction Skills (0-100%)

Participants' HIV risk reduction skills were assessed by having participants demonstrate the steps necessary to properly clean a needle/syringe.

Time frame:
12-month follow up
Reported as:
Mean · Percentage of correct steps
Demonstrated Drug Risk Reduction Skills (0-100%)
Percentage of correct stepsCHRP GroupControl Condition
Demonstrated Drug Risk Reduction Skills (0-100%)72.61 ± 1.9163.63 ± 2.01
PrimarySafer Drug Use (0-4)

Participants completed a self-reported assessment that asks about IV-sharing behavior and were assessed on a scale of 0-4, with higher scores indicating safer drug use.

Time frame:
Baseline
Reported as:
Mean · units on a scale
Safer Drug Use (0-4)
units on a scaleCHRP GroupControl Condition
Safer Drug Use (0-4)3.25 ± 0.103.39 ± 0.10
PrimarySafer Drug Use (0-4)

Participants completed a self-reported assessment that asks about IV-sharing behavior and were assessed on a scale of 0-4, with higher scores indicating safer drug use.

Time frame:
Immediately Post-Intervention, at 4 weeks
Reported as:
Mean · units on a scale
Safer Drug Use (0-4)
units on a scaleCHRP GroupControl Condition
Safer Drug Use (0-4)3.78 ± 0.063.79 ± 0.06
PrimarySafer Drug Use (0-4)

Participants completed a self-reported assessment that asks about IV-sharing behavior and were assessed on a scale of 0-4, with higher scores indicating safer drug use.

Time frame:
3-month follow up
Reported as:
Mean · units on a scale
Safer Drug Use (0-4)
units on a scaleCHRP GroupControl Condition
Safer Drug Use (0-4)3.83 ± 0.053.81 ± 0.05
PrimarySafer Drug Use (0-4)

Participants completed a self-reported assessment that asks about IV-sharing behavior and were assessed on a scale of 0-4, with higher scores indicating safer drug use.

Time frame:
6-month follow up
Reported as:
Mean · units on a scale
Safer Drug Use (0-4)
units on a scaleCHRP GroupControl Condition
Safer Drug Use (0-4)3.84 ± 0.053.77 ± 0.05
PrimarySafer Drug Use (0-4)

Participants completed a self-reported assessment that asks about IV-sharing behavior and were assessed on a scale of 0-4, with higher scores indicating safer drug use.

Time frame:
12-month follow up
Reported as:
Mean · units on a scale
Safer Drug Use (0-4)
units on a scaleCHRP GroupControl Condition
Safer Drug Use (0-4)3.87 ± 0.053.85 ± 0.05
PrimaryDrug-related HIV-risk Reduction Knowledge (0-1)

Participants completed an assessment that covers information about drug-related HIV-risk reduction (e.g.,"If an HIV+ person shared needles with another HIV+ person, they don't need to clean the needles") and were rated on a scale of 0 to 1 (higher values representing greater risk reduction knowledge).

Time frame:
Baseline
Reported as:
Mean · units on a scale
Drug-related HIV-risk Reduction Knowledge (0-1)
units on a scaleCHRP GroupControl Condition
Drug-related HIV-risk Reduction Knowledge (0-1)0.96 ± 0.021.00 ± 0.02
PrimaryDrug-related HIV-risk Reduction Knowledge (0-1)

Participants completed an assessment that covers information about drug-related HIV-risk reduction (e.g.,"If an HIV+ person shared needles with another HIV+ person, they don't need to clean the needles") and were rated on a scale of 0 to 1 (higher values representing greater risk reduction knowledge).

Time frame:
Immediately Post-Intervention, at 4 weeks
Reported as:
Mean · units on a scale
Drug-related HIV-risk Reduction Knowledge (0-1)
units on a scaleCHRP GroupControl Condition
Drug-related HIV-risk Reduction Knowledge (0-1)1.00 ± 0.010.98 ± 0.01
PrimaryDrug-related HIV-risk Reduction Knowledge (0-1)

Participants completed an assessment that covers information about drug-related HIV-risk reduction (e.g.,"If an HIV+ person shared needles with another HIV+ person, they don't need to clean the needles") and were rated on a scale of 0 to 1 (higher values representing greater risk reduction knowledge).

Time frame:
3-month follow up
Reported as:
Mean · units on a scale
Drug-related HIV-risk Reduction Knowledge (0-1)
units on a scaleCHRP GroupControl Condition
Drug-related HIV-risk Reduction Knowledge (0-1)1.00 ± 0.010.96 ± 0.01
PrimaryDrug-related HIV-risk Reduction Knowledge (0-1)

Participants completed an assessment that covers information about drug-related HIV-risk reduction (e.g.,"If an HIV+ person shared needles with another HIV+ person, they don't need to clean the needles") and were rated on a scale of 0 to 1 (higher values representing greater risk reduction knowledge).

Time frame:
6-month follow up
Reported as:
Mean · units on a scale
Drug-related HIV-risk Reduction Knowledge (0-1)
units on a scaleCHRP GroupControl Condition
Drug-related HIV-risk Reduction Knowledge (0-1)0.96 ± 0.020.99 ± 0.02
PrimaryDrug-related HIV-risk Reduction Knowledge (0-1)

Participants completed an assessment that covers information about drug-related HIV-risk reduction (e.g.,"If an HIV+ person shared needles with another HIV+ person, they don't need to clean the needles").

Time frame:
12-month follow up
Reported as:
Mean · units on a scale
Drug-related HIV-risk Reduction Knowledge (0-1)
units on a scaleCHRP GroupControl Condition
Drug-related HIV-risk Reduction Knowledge (0-1)0.98 ± 0.020.96 ± 0.02
PrimaryPersonal Motivation to Reduce Drug-related HIV-Risk Behavior (1-5)

Participants completed a questionnaire assessing their personal motivation to reduce HIV risk behavior (e.g., "I plan to always use clean needles if I shoot up drugs during the next six months") and rated on a scale of 1 to 5, with higher scores indicating stronger motivation to reduce HIV-risk behavior.

Time frame:
Baseline
Reported as:
Mean · units on a scale
Personal Motivation to Reduce Drug-related HIV-Risk Behavior (1-5)
units on a scaleCHRP GroupControl Condition
Personal Motivation to Reduce Drug-related HIV-Risk Behavior (1-5)4.79 ± 0.054.85 ± 0.05
PrimaryPersonal Motivation to Reduce Drug-related HIV-Risk Behavior (1-5)

Participants completed a questionnaire assessing their personal motivation to reduce HIV risk behavior (e.g., "I plan to always use clean needles if I shoot up drugs during the next six months") and rated on a scale of 1 to 5, with higher scores indicating stronger motivation to reduce HIV-risk behavior.

Time frame:
Immediately Post-Intervention, at 4 weeks
Reported as:
Mean · units on a scale
Personal Motivation to Reduce Drug-related HIV-Risk Behavior (1-5)
units on a scaleCHRP GroupControl Condition
Personal Motivation to Reduce Drug-related HIV-Risk Behavior (1-5)4.91 ± 0.054.83 ± 0.05
PrimaryPersonal Motivation to Reduce Drug-related HIV-Risk Behavior (1-5)

Participants completed a questionnaire assessing their personal motivation to reduce HIV risk behavior (e.g., "I plan to always use clean needles if I shoot up drugs during the next six months") and rated on a scale of 1 to 5, with higher scores indicating stronger motivation to reduce HIV-risk behavior.

Time frame:
3-month follow up
Reported as:
Mean · units on a scale
Personal Motivation to Reduce Drug-related HIV-Risk Behavior (1-5)
units on a scaleCHRP GroupControl Condition
Personal Motivation to Reduce Drug-related HIV-Risk Behavior (1-5)4.87 ± 0.064.86 ± 0.07
PrimaryPersonal Motivation to Reduce Drug-related HIV-Risk Behavior (1-5)

Participants completed a questionnaire assessing their personal motivation to reduce HIV risk behavior (e.g., "I plan to always use clean needles if I shoot up drugs during the next six months") and rated on a scale of 1 to 5, with higher scores indicating stronger motivation to reduce HIV-risk behavior.

Time frame:
6-month follow up
Reported as:
Mean · units on a scale
Personal Motivation to Reduce Drug-related HIV-Risk Behavior (1-5)
units on a scaleCHRP GroupControl Condition
Personal Motivation to Reduce Drug-related HIV-Risk Behavior (1-5)4.87 ± 0.064.78 ± 0.06
PrimaryPersonal Motivation to Reduce Drug-related HIV-Risk Behavior (1-5)

Participants completed a questionnaire assessing their personal motivation to reduce HIV risk behavior (e.g., "I plan to always use clean needles if I shoot up drugs during the next six months") and rated on a scale of 1 to 5, with higher scores indicating stronger motivation to reduce HIV-risk behavior.

Time frame:
12-month follow up
Reported as:
Mean · units on a scale
Personal Motivation to Reduce Drug-related HIV-Risk Behavior (1-5)
units on a scaleCHRP GroupControl Condition
Personal Motivation to Reduce Drug-related HIV-Risk Behavior (1-5)4.88 ± 0.044.92 ± 0.04
PrimarySocial Motivation to Reduce Drug-related HIV-Risk Behavior (1-5)

Participants completed a questionnaire assessing their social motivation to reduce HIV risk behavior (e.g., "Most people who are important to me think I should always clean my needles before I share them with someone else during the next three months") and rated on a scale of 1 to 5, with higher scores indicating stronger social motivation to reduce HIV-risk behavior.

Time frame:
Baseline
Reported as:
Mean · units on a scale
Social Motivation to Reduce Drug-related HIV-Risk Behavior (1-5)
units on a scaleCHRP GroupControl Condition
Social Motivation to Reduce Drug-related HIV-Risk Behavior (1-5)4.65 ± 0.084.72 ± 0.09
PrimarySocial Motivation to Reduce Drug-related HIV-Risk Behavior (1-5)

Participants completed a questionnaire assessing their social motivation to reduce HIV risk behavior (e.g., "Most people who are important to me think I should always clean my needles before I share them with someone else during the next three months") and rated on a scale of 1 to 5, with higher scores indicating stronger social motivation to reduce HIV-risk behavior.

Time frame:
Immediately Post-Intervention, at 4 weeks
Reported as:
Mean · units on a scale
Social Motivation to Reduce Drug-related HIV-Risk Behavior (1-5)
units on a scaleCHRP GroupControl Condition
Social Motivation to Reduce Drug-related HIV-Risk Behavior (1-5)4.77 ± 0.084.69 ± 0.08
PrimarySocial Motivation to Reduce Drug-related HIV-Risk Behavior (1-5)

Participants completed a questionnaire assessing their social motivation to reduce HIV risk behavior (e.g., "Most people who are important to me think I should always clean my needles before I share them with someone else during the next three months") and rated on a scale of 1 to 5, with higher scores indicating stronger social motivation to reduce HIV-risk behavior.

Time frame:
3-month follow up
Reported as:
Mean · units on a scale
Social Motivation to Reduce Drug-related HIV-Risk Behavior (1-5)
units on a scaleCHRP GroupControl Condition
Social Motivation to Reduce Drug-related HIV-Risk Behavior (1-5)4.90 ± 0.044.85 ± 0.05
PrimarySocial Motivation to Reduce Drug-related HIV-Risk Behavior (1-5)

Participants completed a questionnaire assessing their social motivation to reduce HIV risk behavior (e.g., "Most people who are important to me think I should always clean my needles before I share them with someone else during the next three months") and rated on a scale of 1 to 5, with higher scores indicating stronger social motivation to reduce HIV-risk behavior.

Time frame:
6-month follow up
Reported as:
Mean · units on a scale
Social Motivation to Reduce Drug-related HIV-Risk Behavior (1-5)
units on a scaleCHRP GroupControl Condition
Social Motivation to Reduce Drug-related HIV-Risk Behavior (1-5)4.73 ± 0.074.91 ± 0.07
PrimarySocial Motivation to Reduce Drug-related HIV-Risk Behavior (1-5)

Participants completed a questionnaire assessing their social motivation to reduce HIV risk behavior (e.g., "Most people who are important to me think I should always clean my needles before I share them with someone else during the next three months") and rated on a scale of 1 to 5, with higher scores indicating stronger social motivation to reduce HIV-risk behavior.

Time frame:
12-month follow up
Reported as:
Mean · units on a scale
Social Motivation to Reduce Drug-related HIV-Risk Behavior (1-5)
units on a scaleCHRP GroupControl Condition
Social Motivation to Reduce Drug-related HIV-Risk Behavior (1-5)4.63 ± 0.094.75 ± 0.09
PrimarySelf-efficacy to Reduce Drug-related HIV-Risk Behavior (1-5)

Participants completed a questionnaire assessing their self-efficacy about reducing HIV risk behavior (e.g., "How hard would it be for you to always use condoms") and rated on a scale of 1 to 5, with higher scores indicating greater self-efficacy to reduce HIV-risk behavior.

Time frame:
Baseline
Reported as:
Mean · units on a scale
Self-efficacy to Reduce Drug-related HIV-Risk Behavior (1-5)
units on a scaleCHRP GroupControl Condition
Self-efficacy to Reduce Drug-related HIV-Risk Behavior (1-5)4.01 ± 0.104.00 ± 0.11
PrimarySelf-efficacy to Reduce Drug-related HIV-Risk Behavior (1-5)

Participants completed a questionnaire assessing their self-efficacy about reducing HIV risk behavior (e.g., "How hard would it be for you to always use condoms") and rated on a scale of 1 to 5, with higher scores indicating greater self-efficacy to reduce HIV-risk behavior.

Time frame:
Immediately Post-Intervention, at 4 weeks
Reported as:
Mean · units on a scale
Self-efficacy to Reduce Drug-related HIV-Risk Behavior (1-5)
units on a scaleCHRP GroupControl Condition
Self-efficacy to Reduce Drug-related HIV-Risk Behavior (1-5)4.41 ± 0.054.38 ± 0.09
PrimarySelf-efficacy to Reduce Drug-related HIV-Risk Behavior (1-5)

Participants completed a questionnaire assessing their self-efficacy about reducing HIV risk behavior (e.g., "How hard would it be for you to always use condoms") and rated on a scale of 1 to 5, with higher scores indicating greater self-efficacy to reduce HIV-risk behavior.

Time frame:
3-month follow up
Reported as:
Mean · units on a scale
Self-efficacy to Reduce Drug-related HIV-Risk Behavior (1-5)
units on a scaleCHRP GroupControl Condition
Self-efficacy to Reduce Drug-related HIV-Risk Behavior (1-5)4.42 ± 0.084.36 ± 0.09
PrimarySelf-efficacy to Reduce Drug-related HIV-Risk Behavior (1-5)

Participants completed a questionnaire assessing their self-efficacy about reducing HIV risk behavior (e.g., "How hard would it be for you to always use condoms") and rated on a scale of 1 to 5, with higher scores indicating greater self-efficacy to reduce HIV-risk behavior.

Time frame:
6-month follow up
Reported as:
Mean · units on a scale
Self-efficacy to Reduce Drug-related HIV-Risk Behavior (1-5)
units on a scaleCHRP GroupControl Condition
Self-efficacy to Reduce Drug-related HIV-Risk Behavior (1-5)4.22 ± 0.094.45 ± 0.10
PrimarySelf-efficacy to Reduce Drug-related HIV-Risk Behavior (1-5)

Participants completed a questionnaire assessing their self-efficacy about reducing HIV risk behavior (e.g., "How hard would it be for you to always use condoms") and rated on a scale of 1 to 5, with higher scores indicating greater self-efficacy to reduce HIV-risk behavior.

Time frame:
12-month follow up
Reported as:
Mean · units on a scale
Self-efficacy to Reduce Drug-related HIV-Risk Behavior (1-5)
units on a scaleCHRP GroupControl Condition
Self-efficacy to Reduce Drug-related HIV-Risk Behavior (1-5)4.38 ± 0.084.52 ± 0.08
PrimaryFemale Condom Skills (0-100%)

Participants' HIV risk reduction behavioral skills were assessed based on the percentage of correct necessary steps demonstrated to properly select and apply a female condom using a replica.

Time frame:
Baseline
Reported as:
Mean · percentage of correct steps
Female Condom Skills (0-100%)
percentage of correct stepsCHRP GroupControl Condition
Female Condom Skills (0-100%)57.60 ± 1.6959.38 ± 1.78
PrimaryFemale Condom Skills (0-100%)

Participants' HIV risk reduction behavioral skills were assessed based on the percentage of correct necessary steps demonstrated to properly select and apply a female condom using a replica.

Time frame:
Immediately Post-Intervention, at 4 weeks
Reported as:
Mean · percentage of correct steps
Female Condom Skills (0-100%)
percentage of correct stepsCHRP GroupControl Condition
Female Condom Skills (0-100%)82.54 ± 1.2574.32 ± 1.31
PrimaryFemale Condom Skills (0-100%)

Participants' HIV risk reduction behavioral skills were assessed based on the percentage of correct necessary steps demonstrated to properly select and apply a female condom using a replica.

Time frame:
3-month follow up
Reported as:
Mean · percentage of correct steps
Female Condom Skills (0-100%)
percentage of correct stepsCHRP GroupControl Condition
Female Condom Skills (0-100%)79.29 ± 1.3879.07 ± 1.45
PrimaryFemale Condom Skills (0-100%)

Participants' HIV risk reduction behavioral skills were assessed based on the percentage of correct necessary steps demonstrated to properly select and apply a female condom using a replica.

Time frame:
6-month follow up
Reported as:
Mean · percentage of correct steps
Female Condom Skills (0-100%)
percentage of correct stepsCHRP GroupControl Condition
Female Condom Skills (0-100%)83.03 ± 1.1980.86 ± 1.26
PrimaryFemale Condom Skills (0-100%)

Participants' HIV risk reduction behavioral skills were assessed based on the percentage of correct necessary steps demonstrated to properly select and apply a female condom using a replica.

Time frame:
12-month follow up
Reported as:
Mean · percentage of correct steps
Female Condom Skills (0-100%)
percentage of correct stepsCHRP GroupControl Condition
Female Condom Skills (0-100%)83.37 ± 1.1982.19 ± 1.25
PrimaryMale Condom Skills (0-100%)

Participants' HIV risk reduction behavioral skills were assessed based on the percentage of correct necessary steps demonstrated to properly select and apply a male condom using a replica.

Time frame:
Baseline
Reported as:
Mean · percentage of correct steps
Male Condom Skills (0-100%)
percentage of correct stepsCHRP GroupControl Condition
Male Condom Skills (0-100%)71.63 ± 1.3573.97 ± 1.42
PrimaryMale Condom Skills (0-100%)

Participants' HIV risk reduction behavioral skills were assessed based on the percentage of correct necessary steps demonstrated to properly select and apply a male condom using a replica.

Time frame:
Immediately Post-Intervention, at 4 weeks
Reported as:
Mean · percentage of correct steps
Male Condom Skills (0-100%)
percentage of correct stepsCHRP GroupControl Condition
Male Condom Skills (0-100%)87.23 ± 1.4082.71 ± 1.47
PrimaryMale Condom Skills (0-100%)

Participants' HIV risk reduction behavioral skills were assessed based on the percentage of correct necessary steps demonstrated to properly select and apply a male condom using a replica.

Time frame:
3-month follow up
Reported as:
Mean · percentage of correct steps
Male Condom Skills (0-100%)
percentage of correct stepsCHRP GroupControl Condition
Male Condom Skills (0-100%)85.01 ± 1.2284.64 ± 1.28
PrimaryMale Condom Skills (0-100%)

Participants' HIV risk reduction behavioral skills were assessed based on the percentage of correct necessary steps demonstrated to properly select and apply a male condom using a replica.

Time frame:
6-month follow up
Reported as:
Mean · percentage of correct steps
Male Condom Skills (0-100%)
percentage of correct stepsCHRP GroupControl Condition
Male Condom Skills (0-100%)87.51 ± 1.0487.64 ± 1.09
PrimaryMale Condom Skills (0-100%)

Participants' HIV risk reduction behavioral skills were assessed based on the percentage of correct necessary steps demonstrated to properly select and apply a male condom using a replica.

Time frame:
12-month follow up
Reported as:
Mean · percentage of correct steps
Male Condom Skills (0-100%)
percentage of correct stepsCHRP GroupControl Condition
Male Condom Skills (0-100%)86.70 ± 1.1785.95 ± 1.24
PrimaryCondom Use (0-4)

Participants were asked: "In the past week, how much of the time did you use a condom or other latex protection when you had oral, anal, or vaginal sex?" and rated on scale of 0 to 4, with indicating greater condom use.

Time frame:
Baseline
Reported as:
Mean · units on a scale
Condom Use (0-4)
units on a scaleCHRP GroupControl Condition
Condom Use (0-4)3.80 ± 0.243.56 ± 0.26
PrimaryCondom Use (0-4)

Participants were asked: "In the past week, how much of the time did you use a condom or other latex protection when you had oral, anal, or vaginal sex?" and rated on scale of 0 to 4, with indicating greater condom use.

Time frame:
Immediately Post-Intervention, at 4 weeks
Reported as:
Mean · units on a scale
Condom Use (0-4)
units on a scaleCHRP GroupControl Condition
Condom Use (0-4)3.61 ± 0.243.56 ± 0.26
PrimaryCondom Use (0-4)

Participants were asked: "In the past week, how much of the time did you use a condom or other latex protection when you had oral, anal, or vaginal sex?" and rated on scale of 0 to 4, with indicating greater condom use.

Time frame:
3-month follow up
Reported as:
Mean · units on a scale
Condom Use (0-4)
units on a scaleCHRP GroupControl Condition
Condom Use (0-4)3.95 ± 0.243.75 ± 0.25
PrimaryCondom Use (0-4)

Participants were asked: "In the past week, how much of the time did you use a condom or other latex protection when you had oral, anal, or vaginal sex?" and rated on scale of 0 to 4, with indicating greater condom use.

Time frame:
6-month follow up
Reported as:
Mean · units on a scale
Condom Use (0-4)
units on a scaleCHRP GroupControl Condition
Condom Use (0-4)3.65 ± 0.243.79 ± 0.25
PrimaryCondom Use (0-4)

Participants were asked: "In the past week, how much of the time did you use a condom or other latex protection when you had oral, anal, or vaginal sex?" and rated on scale of 0 to 4, with indicating greater condom use.

Time frame:
12-month follow up
Reported as:
Mean · units on a scale
Condom Use (0-4)
units on a scaleCHRP GroupControl Condition
Condom Use (0-4)3.73 ± 0.243.83 ± 0.25
PrimarySex-related HIV-risk Reduction Knowledge (0-1)

Participants' knowledge of sex-related HIV-risk reduction was assessed by being asked: "If an HIV positive person only has sex with another HIV positive person, they don't need to use condoms" and rated on a scale of 0 to 1, with a higher score indicating greater HIV-risk reduction knowledge.

Time frame:
Baseline
Reported as:
Mean · units on a scale
Sex-related HIV-risk Reduction Knowledge (0-1)
units on a scaleCHRP GroupControl Condition
Sex-related HIV-risk Reduction Knowledge (0-1)0.87 ± 0.030.91 ± 0.03
PrimarySex-related HIV-risk Reduction Knowledge (0-1)

Participants' knowledge of sex-related HIV-risk reduction was assessed by being asked: "If an HIV positive person only has sex with another HIV positive person, they don't need to use condoms" and rated on a scale of 0 to 1, with a higher score indicating greater HIV-risk reduction knowledge.

Time frame:
Immediately Post-Intervention, at 4 weeks
Reported as:
Mean · units on a scale
Sex-related HIV-risk Reduction Knowledge (0-1)
units on a scaleCHRP GroupControl Condition
Sex-related HIV-risk Reduction Knowledge (0-1)1.00 ± 0.020.95 ± 0.02
PrimarySex-related HIV-risk Reduction Knowledge (0-1)

Participants' knowledge of sex-related HIV-risk reduction was assessed by being asked: "If an HIV positive person only has sex with another HIV positive person, they don't need to use condoms" and rated on a scale of 0 to 1, with a higher score indicating greater HIV-risk reduction knowledge.

Time frame:
3-month follow up
Reported as:
Mean · units on a scale
Sex-related HIV-risk Reduction Knowledge (0-1)
units on a scaleCHRP GroupControl Condition
Sex-related HIV-risk Reduction Knowledge (0-1)0.97 ± 0.020.93 ± 0.02
PrimarySex-related HIV-risk Reduction Knowledge (0-1)

Participants' knowledge of sex-related HIV-risk reduction was assessed by being asked: "If an HIV positive person only has sex with another HIV positive person, they don't need to use condoms" and rated on a scale of 0 to 1, with a higher score indicating greater HIV-risk reduction knowledge.

Time frame:
6-month follow up
Reported as:
Mean · units on a scale
Sex-related HIV-risk Reduction Knowledge (0-1)
units on a scaleCHRP GroupControl Condition
Sex-related HIV-risk Reduction Knowledge (0-1)0.97 ± 0.020.95 ± 0.02
PrimarySex-related HIV-risk Reduction Knowledge (0-1)

Participants' knowledge of sex-related HIV-risk reduction was assessed by being asked: "If an HIV positive person only has sex with another HIV positive person, they don't need to use condoms" and rated on a scale of 0 to 1, with a higher score indicating greater HIV-risk reduction knowledge.

Time frame:
12-month follow up
Reported as:
Mean · units on a scale
Sex-related HIV-risk Reduction Knowledge (0-1)
units on a scaleCHRP GroupControl Condition
Sex-related HIV-risk Reduction Knowledge (0-1)0.98 ± 0.010.99 ± 0.01
PrimaryPersonal Motivation to Reduce Sex-related HIV- Risk Behavior (1-5)

Participants completed a questionnaire assessing their personal motivation to reduce sex-related HIV-risk behavior (e.g., "Always using condoms during sexual intercourse during the next three months would be good") and were rated on a scale of 1 to 5, with a higher score indicating greater personal motivation to reduce HIV-risk behavior.

Time frame:
Baseline
Reported as:
Mean · units on a scale
Personal Motivation to Reduce Sex-related HIV- Risk Behavior (1-5)
units on a scaleCHRP GroupControl Condition
Personal Motivation to Reduce Sex-related HIV- Risk Behavior (1-5)4.20 ± 0.094.26 ± 0.09
PrimaryPersonal Motivation to Reduce Sex-related HIV- Risk Behavior (1-5)

Participants completed a questionnaire assessing their personal motivation to reduce sex-related HIV-risk behavior (e.g., "Always using condoms during sexual intercourse during the next three months would be good") and were rated on a scale of 1 to 5, with a higher score indicating greater personal motivation to reduce HIV-risk behavior.

Time frame:
Immediately Post-Intervention, at 4 weeks
Reported as:
Mean · units on a scale
Personal Motivation to Reduce Sex-related HIV- Risk Behavior (1-5)
units on a scaleCHRP GroupControl Condition
Personal Motivation to Reduce Sex-related HIV- Risk Behavior (1-5)4.41 ± 0.084.24 ± 0.08
PrimaryPersonal Motivation to Reduce Sex-related HIV- Risk Behavior (1-5)

Participants completed a questionnaire assessing their personal motivation to reduce sex-related HIV-risk behavior (e.g., "Always using condoms during sexual intercourse during the next three months would be good") and were rated on a scale of 1 to 5, with a higher score indicating greater personal motivation to reduce HIV-risk behavior.

Time frame:
3-month follow up
Reported as:
Mean · units on a scale
Personal Motivation to Reduce Sex-related HIV- Risk Behavior (1-5)
units on a scaleCHRP GroupControl Condition
Personal Motivation to Reduce Sex-related HIV- Risk Behavior (1-5)4.39 ± 0.084.24 ± 0.09
PrimaryPersonal Motivation to Reduce Sex-related HIV- Risk Behavior (1-5)

Participants completed a questionnaire assessing their personal motivation to reduce sex-related HIV-risk behavior (e.g., "Always using condoms during sexual intercourse during the next three months would be good") and were rated on a scale of 1 to 5, with a higher score indicating greater personal motivation to reduce HIV-risk behavior.

Time frame:
6-month follow up
Reported as:
Mean · units on a scale
Personal Motivation to Reduce Sex-related HIV- Risk Behavior (1-5)
units on a scaleCHRP GroupControl Condition
Personal Motivation to Reduce Sex-related HIV- Risk Behavior (1-5)4.40 ± 0.084.29 ± 0.08
PrimaryPersonal Motivation to Reduce Sex-related HIV- Risk Behavior (1-5)

Participants completed a questionnaire assessing their personal motivation to reduce sex-related HIV-risk behavior (e.g., "Always using condoms during sexual intercourse during the next three months would be good") and were rated on a scale of 1 to 5, with a higher score indicating greater personal motivation to reduce HIV-risk behavior.

Time frame:
12-month follow up
Reported as:
Mean · units on a scale
Personal Motivation to Reduce Sex-related HIV- Risk Behavior (1-5)
units on a scaleCHRP GroupControl Condition
Personal Motivation to Reduce Sex-related HIV- Risk Behavior (1-5)4.21 ± 0.094.22 ± 0.09
PrimarySocial Motivation to Reduce Sex-related HIV- Risk Behavior (1-5)

Participants completed a questionnaire assessing their social motivation to reduce sex-related HIV-risk behavior (e.g., "Most people who are important to me think I should always use condoms during sexual intercourse in the next three months") and were rated on a scale of 1 to 5, with a higher score indicating stronger social motivation to reduce HIV-risk behavior.

Time frame:
Baseline
Reported as:
Mean · units on a scale
Social Motivation to Reduce Sex-related HIV- Risk Behavior (1-5)
units on a scaleCHRP GroupControl Condition
Social Motivation to Reduce Sex-related HIV- Risk Behavior (1-5)4.67 ± 0.074.81 ± 0.08
PrimarySocial Motivation to Reduce Sex-related HIV- Risk Behavior (1-5)

Participants completed a questionnaire assessing their social motivation to reduce sex-related HIV-risk behavior (e.g., "Most people who are important to me think I should always use condoms during sexual intercourse in the next three months") and were rated on a scale of 1 to 5, with a higher score indicating stronger social motivation to reduce HIV-risk behavior.

Time frame:
Immediately Post-Intervention, at 4 weeks
Reported as:
Mean · units on a scale
Social Motivation to Reduce Sex-related HIV- Risk Behavior (1-5)
units on a scaleCHRP GroupControl Condition
Social Motivation to Reduce Sex-related HIV- Risk Behavior (1-5)4.73 ± 0.074.75 ± 0.07
PrimarySocial Motivation to Reduce Sex-related HIV- Risk Behavior (1-5)

Participants completed a questionnaire assessing their social motivation to reduce sex-related HIV-risk behavior (e.g., "Most people who are important to me think I should always use condoms during sexual intercourse in the next three months") and were rated on a scale of 1 to 5, with a higher score indicating stronger social motivation to reduce HIV-risk behavior.

Time frame:
3-month follow up
Reported as:
Mean · units on a scale
Social Motivation to Reduce Sex-related HIV- Risk Behavior (1-5)
units on a scaleCHRP GroupControl Condition
Social Motivation to Reduce Sex-related HIV- Risk Behavior (1-5)4.73 ± 0.074.71 ± 0.07
PrimarySocial Motivation to Reduce Sex-related HIV- Risk Behavior (1-5)

Participants completed a questionnaire assessing their social motivation to reduce sex-related HIV-risk behavior (e.g., "Most people who are important to me think I should always use condoms during sexual intercourse in the next three months") and were rated on a scale of 1 to 5, with a higher score indicating stronger social motivation to reduce HIV-risk behavior.

Time frame:
6-month follow up
Reported as:
Mean · units on a scale
Social Motivation to Reduce Sex-related HIV- Risk Behavior (1-5)
units on a scaleCHRP GroupControl Condition
Social Motivation to Reduce Sex-related HIV- Risk Behavior (1-5)4.75 ± 0.074.77 ± 0.07
PrimarySocial Motivation to Reduce Sex-related HIV- Risk Behavior (1-5)

Participants completed a questionnaire assessing their social motivation to reduce sex-related HIV-risk behavior (e.g., "Most people who are important to me think I should always use condoms during sexual intercourse in the next three months") and were rated on a scale of 1 to 5, with a higher score indicating stronger social motivation to reduce HIV-risk behavior.

Time frame:
12-month follow up
Reported as:
Mean · units on a scale
Social Motivation to Reduce Sex-related HIV- Risk Behavior (1-5)
units on a scaleCHRP GroupControl Condition
Social Motivation to Reduce Sex-related HIV- Risk Behavior (1-5)4.57 ± 0.084.70 ± 0.08
PrimarySelf-efficacy to Reduce Sex-related HIV- Risk Behavior (1-5)

Participants completed a questionnaire assessing their self-efficacy about reducing sex-related HIV-risk behavior (e.g., "If asked, I am confident I could demonstrate how to use male condom and female condoms correctly") and were rated on a scale of 1 to 5, with a higher score indicating greater self-efficacy to reduce sex-related HIV-risk behavior.

Time frame:
Baseline
Reported as:
Mean · units on a scale
Self-efficacy to Reduce Sex-related HIV- Risk Behavior (1-5)
units on a scaleCHRP GroupControl Condition
Self-efficacy to Reduce Sex-related HIV- Risk Behavior (1-5)3.00 ± 0.123.09 ± 0.13
PrimarySelf-efficacy to Reduce Sex-related HIV- Risk Behavior (1-5)

Participants completed a questionnaire assessing their self-efficacy about reducing sex-related HIV-risk behavior (e.g., "If asked, I am confident I could demonstrate how to use male condom and female condoms correctly") and were rated on a scale of 1 to 5, with a higher score indicating greater self-efficacy to reduce sex-related HIV-risk behavior.

Time frame:
Immediately Post-Intervention, at 4 weeks
Reported as:
Mean · units on a scale
Self-efficacy to Reduce Sex-related HIV- Risk Behavior (1-5)
units on a scaleCHRP GroupControl Condition
Self-efficacy to Reduce Sex-related HIV- Risk Behavior (1-5)2.99 ± 0.123.06 ± 0.13
PrimarySelf-efficacy to Reduce Sex-related HIV- Risk Behavior (1-5)

Participants completed a questionnaire assessing their self-efficacy about reducing sex-related HIV-risk behavior (e.g., "If asked, I am confident I could demonstrate how to use male condom and female condoms correctly") and were rated on a scale of 1 to 5, with a higher score indicating greater self-efficacy to reduce sex-related HIV-risk behavior.

Time frame:
3-month follow up
Reported as:
Mean · units on a scale
Self-efficacy to Reduce Sex-related HIV- Risk Behavior (1-5)
units on a scaleCHRP GroupControl Condition
Self-efficacy to Reduce Sex-related HIV- Risk Behavior (1-5)3.02 ± 0.123.14 ± 0.12
PrimarySelf-efficacy to Reduce Sex-related HIV- Risk Behavior (1-5)

Participants completed a questionnaire assessing their self-efficacy about reducing sex-related HIV-risk behavior (e.g., "If asked, I am confident I could demonstrate how to use male condom and female condoms correctly") and were rated on a scale of 1 to 5, with a higher score indicating greater self-efficacy to reduce sex-related HIV-risk behavior.

Time frame:
6-month follow up
Reported as:
Mean · units on a scale
Self-efficacy to Reduce Sex-related HIV- Risk Behavior (1-5)
units on a scaleCHRP GroupControl Condition
Self-efficacy to Reduce Sex-related HIV- Risk Behavior (1-5)4.75 ± 0.074.77 ± 0.07
PrimarySelf-efficacy to Reduce Sex-related HIV- Risk Behavior (1-5)

Participants completed a questionnaire assessing their self-efficacy about reducing sex-related HIV-risk behavior (e.g., "If asked, I am confident I could demonstrate how to use male condom and female condoms correctly") and were rated on a scale of 1 to 5, with a higher score indicating greater self-efficacy to reduce sex-related HIV-risk behavior.

Time frame:
12-month follow up
Reported as:
Mean · units on a scale
Self-efficacy to Reduce Sex-related HIV- Risk Behavior (1-5)
units on a scaleCHRP GroupControl Condition
Self-efficacy to Reduce Sex-related HIV- Risk Behavior (1-5)4.57 ± 0.084.70 ± 0.08

Adverse events

Collected over March 2007 through August 2011.. Non-serious events are listed at a 0% frequency threshold.

Adverse event summary by group
GroupDeathsSeriousOther
CHRP Group—0/149 (0%)0/149 (0%)
Control Condition—0/155 (0%)0/155 (0%)

Baseline characteristics

Age, Categorical
Age, Categorical(Participants)CHRP GroupControl ConditionTotal
<=18 years000
Between 18 and 65 years149155304
>=65 years000
Age, Continuous
Age, Continuous(years)CHRP GroupControl ConditionTotal
Mean34.26 ± 9.93933.50 ± 9.14133.87 ± 9.532
Sex: Female, Male
Sex: Female, Male(Participants)CHRP GroupControl ConditionTotal
Female7681157
Male7374147
Region of Enrollment
Region of Enrollment(participants)CHRP GroupControl ConditionTotal
United States149155304
08

Study locations

1 site
  • APT Foundation
    New Haven, Connecticut 06519, United States
09

References and documents

Publications

  • Fisher JD, Fisher WA. Changing AIDS-risk behavior. Psychol Bull. 1992 May;111(3):455-74. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.111.3.455. PubMed 1594721 ↗
  • Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Community-Based Drug Treatment; Lamb S, Greenlick MR, McCarty D, editors. Bridging the Gap between Practice and Research: Forging Partnerships with Community-Based Drug and Alcohol Treatment. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 1998. Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK230402/ PubMed 25101381 ↗
10

Updates

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Sep 2, 2026, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
11

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT01741350
Collaborators
National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), APT Foundation, Inc.
Responsible party
Michael Copenhaver (Professor, University of Connecticut) — Principal investigator
First posted
Dec 4, 2012
Start date
Sep 2006
Primary completion
May 2011
Completion
Jun 2012
Results posted
Feb 27, 2014
Last update
Sep 2, 2026

Study contacts

Michael C Copenhaver, Ph.D.
principal investigator · University of Connecticut

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
Yes
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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This study is completed, as verified in Aug 2026. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

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