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CompletedNCT01557673Updated May 6, 2013

Effects of Bolus and Continuous Nasogastric Feeding on Small Bowel Water Content and Blood Flow

A Phase 1/2 interventional study of NG bolus feeding over 5 min and Continuous NG feeding over 4 h in Enteral Feeding, Nasogastric Feeding and Diarrhoea, sponsored by University of Nottingham. Completed at 1 site in United Kingdom. Open to male participants aged 18 Years to 65 Years, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2013-05-06.

Sponsored by University of Nottingham · Phase 1/2, Interventional, and Basic science

Phase
Phase 1/2
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
12
Allocation
Non-randomized
Ages
18 Years to 65 Years
Sex
Male
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Study summary

Following surgery some patients are unable to swallow. For those requiring nutritional support a tube is sometimes passed through the nose into the stomach to provide feeding. Traditionally this type of feeding is given slowly over the course of the day. However, it is thought that this mode of feeding might increase the amount of fluid entering the bowel contributing to symptoms of diarrhoea. An alternative strategy of feeding, given in larger volumes in a shorter space of time resembles normal feeding patterns and may reduce the amount of water entering the bowel.

In this study we want to use a non invasive medical imaging technique called "magnetic resonance imaging" (or MRI) to look at the volume of bowel water following these two feeding strategies in 12 healthy volunteers.

Each volunteer will have a tube inserted into the stomach via the nose and undergo the two feeding strategies at least 7 days apart. We will take repeated images using the MRI scanner to assess the bowel response and some samples of blood are required for analysis of blood sugar.

Read the detailed description
  1. Background. Nutritional support is often required for undernourished patients who are unable to meet daily nutritional requirements. This is often due to lack of consciousness or problems with swallowing, Nasogastric (NG) feeding is often employed to provide active enteric nutritional support. The current approach for delivering this support usually involves pump-assisted continuous feeding spread throughout the course of a day. However, this practice is far from physiological and may promote excessive secretion of fluid into the small bowel, contributing to gastrointestinal symptoms frequently experienced by NG fed patients. Rarely, continuous enteral tube feeding has been associated with small bowel ischaemia or necrosis, although this observation has almost always been made in the critically ill. Bolus feeds given in larger volumes over shorter time periods replicate the pattern of normal feeding. Consequently gastric emptying using this method is slowed and may, therefore, reduce the metabolic demand on the small intestine and prevent excessive accumulation of small bowel fluid.
  2. Aims. This study aims to investigate the influence of bolus or continuous NG feeding on small bowel fluid content and superior mesenteric blood flow. Our hypothesis is that bolus NG feeding results in lower small bowel fluid secretion and a reduction in superior mesenteric artery blood flow in comparison to individuals who are bolus NG fed.
  3. Experimental protocol and methods.

    This is a single-centre, cross-over study involving 12 healthy volunteers. Two studies will be undertaken for each volunteer approximately 7 days apart:

    • Tube bolus (TB): feed administered via the NG tube over 5 min.
    • Continuous tube drip feeding (TD): feed pump delivered via the NG tube over 4 h.

    The sequence of treatment allocations will be concealed to assessors until all interventions, data collection, and statistical analysis has been completed.

    Subjects will be asked to arrive at 8:30 a.m. at the Sir Peter Mansfield Magnetic Resonance 1.5T, University of Nottingham, having abstained from alcohol, caffeine-containing drinks, and any medication for at least 24 h prior to the study, as well as having fasted overnight. An 80 cm 8FR Freka (Fresenius Kabi, Runcorn, UK) fine bore nasogastric (NG) tube will be inserted into the stomach via the nose as well as a cannula in the ante cubital fossa for blood sampling. The position of the NG tube will be verified by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Once the tube is sited, the volunteer will be asked to sit for 5 min in order to allow the tubes to settle and the body adapt to their presence. Following NG intubation subjects will undergo baseline MRI scanning and blood sampling for glucose, insulin and PYY. Feeding will commence at time 0. Scanning and blood tests will proceed at 30 min intervals for a total of 4 h. The feed used in all studies will be 400 ml of Resource® Energy Vanilla nutrient drink (Nestle Nutrition, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A), which is typical of a standard oral supplement.

    In the TB study arm the supplement will be administered through the NG tube via syringes over 5 min; and in the TD study the feed will be administered using a pump at a rate of 100 ml/h for 4 h.

  4. Measurable end points/statistical power of the study. Primary endpoint: Small bowel water content (SBWC). Secondary endpoints: Superior mesenteric artery blood flow, gastric content emptying time, plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin and peptide YY (PYY). Previous work using mannitol and glucose indicates that mean (SD) SBWC at 40 minutes postprandially after ingesting 300ml glucose was 47 (SD 15) and using n=10 we calculate we can detect a difference of 17 ml (36%) between interventions with 90% power. We plan to recruit 12 to allow for dropouts.
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Conditions studied

  • Enteral Feeding
  • Nasogastric Feeding
  • Diarrhoea

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Keywords

  • Nasogastric
  • Small bowel water
  • Diarrhoea
  • Mesenteric blood flow
  • Enteral feeding
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In context

Diarrhea

852 studies on the registry are indexed under Diarrhea; 78 are open to participants now.

This study's enrollment of 12 is below the median of 136 across 713 interventional studies indexed under Diarrhea.

Browse Diarrhea studies →

Lead sponsor

University of Nottingham is the lead sponsor of 455 studies on the registry; 77 are open to participants now.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

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Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years to 65 Years
Sexes eligible
Male
Accepts healthy volunteers
Yes

Inclusion criteria

  • Healthy
  • Male
  • Able to undergo safe magnetic resonance scanning

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Female
  • Chronic medical conditions
  • Regular medication
  • Unable to undergo safe magentic resonance scanning
  • Previous abdominal surgery
  • Smoking
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Study design

Phase
Phase 1 / Phase 2
Primary purpose
Basic science
Allocation
Non-randomized
Intervention model
Crossover assignment
Masking
None (open label)
Enrollment
12 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Active comparator
    NG bolus feeding over 5 min

    Tube bolus (TB): feed administered via syringe through NG tube over 5 min.

    Dietary Supplement: NG bolus feeding over 5 min

  • Placebo comparator
    Continuous NG feeding over 4 h

    Continuous tube drip feeding (TD): feed pump delivered via the NG tube over 4 h.

    Dietary Supplement: Continuous NG feeding over 4 h

Interventions

  • Dietary supplementNG bolus feeding over 5 min

    Tube bolus (TB): 400 ml of Resource® Energy Vanilla nutrient drink, Societe des Produits Nestle S.A., administered via the NG tube over 5 min.

    Also known as: Resource® Energy Vanilla nutrient drink, Societe des Produits Nestle S.A

  • Dietary supplementContinuous NG feeding over 4 h

    Continuous tube drip feeding (TD): 400 ml of Resource® Energy Vanilla nutrient drink, Societe des Produits Nestle S.A., delivered via feeding pump through the NG tube over 4 h.

    Also known as: Resource® Energy Vanilla nutrient drink, Societe des Produits Nestle S.A

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What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Small bowel water volume (ml)

    Small bowel water content assessed by magnetic resonance imaging.

    Time frame: 0-240 min

Secondary outcomes

  1. Gastric emptying

    Gastric volume assessed by magnetic resonance imaging.

    Time frame: 0-240 min

  2. Superior mesenteric artery blood flow

    Superior mesenteric artery blood flow and velocity assessed by magnetic resonance imaging.

    Time frame: 0-240 min

  3. Peptide YY

    Serum concentration of peptide YY

    Time frame: 0-240 min

  4. Insulin

    Serum concentration of insulin

    Time frame: 0-240 min

  5. Glucose

    Serum concentration of glucose

    Time frame: 0-240 min

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Study locations

1 site
  • Sir Peter Mansfield Magnetic Resonance Centre
    Nottingham, Nottinghamshire NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
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References and documents

Publications

  • Dempsey DT, Mullen JL, Buzby GP. The link between nutritional status and clinical outcome: can nutritional intervention modify it? Am J Clin Nutr. 1988 Feb;47(2 Suppl):352-6. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/47.2.352. PubMed 3124596 ↗
  • Stroud M, Duncan H, Nightingale J; British Society of Gastroenterology. Guidelines for enteral feeding in adult hospital patients. Gut. 2003 Dec;52 Suppl 7(Suppl 7):vii1-vii12. doi: 10.1136/gut.52.suppl_7.vii1. No abstract available. PubMed 14612488 ↗
  • Keohane PP, Attrill H, Love M, Frost P, Silk DB. Relation between osmolality of diet and gastrointestinal side effects in enteral nutrition. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1984 Mar 3;288(6418):678-80. doi: 10.1136/bmj.288.6418.678. PubMed 6421429 ↗
  • Kocan MJ, Hickisch SM. A comparison of continuous and intermittent enteral nutrition in NICU patients. J Neurosci Nurs. 1986 Dec;18(6):333-7. doi: 10.1097/01376517-198612000-00004. PubMed 2949027 ↗
  • Sarap AN, Sarap MD, Childers J. Small bowel necrosis in association with jejunal tube feeding. JAAPA. 2010 Nov;23(11):28, 30-2. doi: 10.1097/01720610-201011000-00006. PubMed 21086887 ↗
  • Melis M, Fichera A, Ferguson MK. Bowel necrosis associated with early jejunal tube feeding: A complication of postoperative enteral nutrition. Arch Surg. 2006 Jul;141(7):701-4. doi: 10.1001/archsurg.141.7.701. PubMed 16847244 ↗
  • Lobo DN, Hendry PO, Rodrigues G, Marciani L, Totman JJ, Wright JW, Preston T, Gowland P, Spiller RC, Fearon KC. Gastric emptying of three liquid oral preoperative metabolic preconditioning regimens measured by magnetic resonance imaging in healthy adult volunteers: a randomised double-blind, crossover study. Clin Nutr. 2009 Dec;28(6):636-41. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2009.05.002. Epub 2009 Jun 4. PubMed 19500889 ↗
  • Hoad CL, Marciani L, Foley S, Totman JJ, Wright J, Bush D, Cox EF, Campbell E, Spiller RC, Gowland PA. Non-invasive quantification of small bowel water content by MRI: a validation study. Phys Med Biol. 2007 Dec 7;52(23):6909-22. doi: 10.1088/0031-9155/52/23/009. Epub 2007 Nov 8. PubMed 18029983 ↗
  • Marciani L, Cox EF, Hoad CL, Pritchard S, Totman JJ, Foley S, Mistry A, Evans S, Gowland PA, Spiller RC. Postprandial changes in small bowel water content in healthy subjects and patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Gastroenterology. 2010 Feb;138(2):469-77, 477.e1. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2009.10.055. Epub 2009 Nov 10. PubMed 19909743 ↗
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Updates

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on May 6, 2013, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
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Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT01557673
Lead sponsor
University of Nottingham
Responsible party
Sponsor
First posted
Mar 19, 2012
Start date
Jan 2012
Primary completion
Dec 2012
Completion
Dec 2012
Last update
May 6, 2013

Study contacts

Abeed H Chowdhury, BSc MRCS
principal investigator · University of Nottingham
Tim Bowling, MD FRCP
study chair · Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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