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CompletedNCT01525290WAKE-UPUpdated Oct 11, 2018

Efficacy and Safety of MRI-based Thrombolysis in Wake-up Stroke

A Phase 3 interventional study of Alteplase and Placebo in Stroke, sponsored by Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf. Completed at 7 sites in 6 countries. Open to participants aged 18 Years to 80 Years. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2018-10-11.

Sponsored by Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf · Phase 3, Interventional, and Treatment

Phase
Phase 3
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
501
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
18 Years to 80 Years
Sex
All
01

Study summary

WAKE-UP is an investigator initiated European multicenter randomized controlled clinical trial of MRI based thrombolysis in acute stroke patients with unknown time of symptom onset, e.g. due to recognition of stroke symptoms on awakening. Objective of WAKE-UP is to prove efficacy and safety of MRI-based intravenous thrombolysis with Alteplase in patients waking up with stroke symptoms or patients with otherwise unknown symptom onset.

Read the detailed description

WAKE-UP is a clinical trial of MRI based thrombolysis in acute stroke patients with unknown time of symptom onset, e.g. due to recognition of stroke symptoms on awakening. Intravenous thrombolysis with Alteplase is available as effective and safe treatment of acute stroke within 4.5 hours of symptom onset. However, in about 20% of acute stroke patients time of symptom onset is unknown. This large group of patients is currently excluded from treatment with Alteplase. The objective of the research proposed in the WAKE-UP project is to provide effective treatment options for this large group of acute stroke patients.

WAKE-UP is designed to prove efficacy and safety of MRI-based intravenous thrombolysis with Alteplase in patients waking up with stroke symptoms or patients with otherwise unknown symptom onset. Patients will be enrolled based on MRI findings indicative of acute ischemic stroke less than 4.5 hours of age.

02

Conditions studied

  • Stroke

Keywords

  • wake-up stroke
  • thrombolysis
  • magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
  • diffusion weighted imaging (DWI)
  • fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR)
03

In context

Stroke

7,441 studies on the registry are indexed under Stroke; 2,012 are open to participants now.

This study's enrollment of 501 is above the median of 50 across 5,482 interventional studies indexed under Stroke.

Browse Stroke studies →

Lead sponsor

Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf is the lead sponsor of 415 studies on the registry; 85 are open to participants now.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years to 80 Years
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

Clinical Inclusion Criteria

  • Clinical diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke with unknown symptom onset (e.g., stroke symptoms recognized on awakening)
  • Last known well (without neurological symptoms) > 4.5 hours of treatment initiation
  • Measurable disabling neurological deficit (defined as an impairment of one or more of the following: language, motor function, cognition, gaze, vision, neglect)
  • Age 18-80 years
  • Treatment can be started within 4.5 hours of symptom recognition (e.g., awakening)
  • Written informed consent by patient or proxy

Imaging Inclusion Criteria:

  • Acute stroke MRI including diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) completed
  • MRI showing a pattern of "DWI-FLAIR-mismatch", i.e. acute ischemic lesion visibly on DWI ("positive DWI") but no marked parenchymal hyperintensity visible on FLAIR ("negative FLAIR") indicative of an acute ischemic lesion ≤4.5 hours of age

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

Clinical Exclusion Criteria

  • Planned or anticipated treatment with endovascular reperfusion strategies (e.g. intra-arterial thrombolysis, mechanical recanalization techniques)
  • Pre-stroke disability (inability to carry out all daily activities, requiring some help or supervision, i.e. slight disability corresponding to an MRS score > 1)
  • Participation in any investigational study in the previous 30 days
  • Severe stroke by clinical assessment (e.g. NIHSS > 25)
  • Hypersensitivity to Alteplase or any of the excipients
  • Pregnancy or lactating (formal testing needed in woman of childbearing potential; childbearing potential is assumed in women up to 55 years of age)
  • Significant bleeding disorder at present or within past 6 months
  • Known haemorrhagic diathesis
  • Manifest or recent severe or dangerous bleeding
  • Known history of or suspected intracranial haemorrhage
  • Suspected subarachnoid haemorrhage (even if CT is negative) or condition after subarachnoid haemorrhage from aneurysm
  • History of CNS damage (e.g. neoplasm, aneurysm, intracranial or spinal surgery)
  • Recent (within 10 days) traumatic external heart massage, obstetrical delivery, recent puncture of a non-compressible blood-vessel
  • Current use of anticoagulants (e.g. Phenprocoumon, Warfarin, new anticoagulants such as Dabigatran) or current use of heparin and elevated thromboplastin time (low-dose subcutaneous heparin is allowed)
  • Platelet count \< 100.000/mm3 (\<100G/l)
  • Blood glucose \< 50 or > 400 mg/dl (\< 2.8 or 22.2 mmol/l)
  • Severe uncontrolled hypertension, i.e. systolic blood pressure > 185 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure >110 mmHg or requiring aggressive medication to maintain blood pressure within these limits (routine medical treatment is allowed to lower the blood pressure below these limits)
  • Manifest or recent bacterial endocarditis, pericarditis
  • Manifest or recent acute pancreatitis
  • Documented ulcerative gastrointestinal disease during the last 3 months, oesophageal varices, arterial aneurysm, arterial/venous malformations
  • Neoplasm with increased bleeding risk
  • Manifest severe liver disease including hepatic failure, cirrhosis, portal hypertension and active hepatitis
  • Major surgery or significant trauma in past 3 months
  • Stroke within 30 days
  • Life expectancy 6 months or less by judgement of the investigator
  • Any condition associated with a significantly increased risk of severe bleeding not mentioned above
  • Any contraindication to MRI (e.g. cardiac pacemaker)

Imaging Exclusion Criteria:

  • Poor MRI quality precluding interpretation according to the study protocol
  • Any sign of intracranial haemorrhage on baseline MRI
  • FLAIR showing a marked parenchymal hyperintensity in a region corresponding to the acute DWI lesion indicative of an acute ischemic lesion with a high likelihood of being > 4.5 hours old
  • Large DWI lesion volume > 1/3 of the MCA or > 50% of the anterior cerebral artery (ACA) or posterior cerebral artery (PCA) territory (visual inspection) or > 100 ml
  • Any MRI findings indicative of a high risk of symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage related to potential IV-tPA treatment in the judgement of the investigator
05

Study design

Phase
Phase 3
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
Double (Participant, Investigator)
Enrollment
501 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    intravenous tissue plasminogen activator

    Intervention drug: intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), alteplase

    Drug: Alteplase

  • Placebo comparator
    Placebo

    Intervention drug: placebo

    Drug: Placebo

Interventions

  • Intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (Alteplase) 0.9 mg/kg body-weight up to a maximum of 90 mg, 10% as bolus, 90% over 1 hour as infusion

    Also known as: Actilyse, Activase, rt-PA

  • DrugPlacebo

    lyophilised powder to be reconstituted as solution indistinguishable from the active drug

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Efficacy

    Favourable outcome (Modified Rankin Scale 0-1)

    Time frame: 90 day after stroke

  2. Safety

    * Mortality * Death or dependency (Modified Rankin Scale 4-6)

    Time frame: 90 day after stroke

Secondary outcomes

  1. Efficacy

    * Global outcome score * Responder analysis (Modified Rankin Scale 0, 0-1 or 0-2 depending on severity of symptoms assessed by the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale on admission) * Outcome across all disability ranges (categorical shift in Modified Rankin Scale score) * Infarct volume (measured 22-36 hours after treatment) * Functional health status and quality of life * Use of health care system resources

    Time frame: 90 days after stroke

  2. Safety

    * Symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage (SICH) as defined in SITS-MOST * SICH as defined ECASS II * SICH as defined in NINDS * Parenchymal haemorrhage type 2 (PH-2)

    Time frame: 90 days after stroke

07

Study locations

7 sites
  • Katholieke Universitet Leuven
    Leuven, 3000, Belgium
  • Aarhus Universitetshospital, Aahrhus Sygehus
    Aarhus, 8000, Denmark
  • Hospices Civils de Lyon
    Bron, 69677, France
  • Charite - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
    Berlin, 10117, Germany
  • University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf
    Hamburg, 20246, Germany
  • Institut d'Investigacio Biomedica de Girona Doctor Josep Trueta
    Girona, 17007, Spain
  • University of Glasgow
    Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
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References and documents

Publications

  • Thomalla G, Simonsen CZ, Boutitie F, Andersen G, Berthezene Y, Cheng B, Cheripelli B, Cho TH, Fazekas F, Fiehler J, Ford I, Galinovic I, Gellissen S, Golsari A, Gregori J, Gunther M, Guibernau J, Hausler KG, Hennerici M, Kemmling A, Marstrand J, Modrau B, Neeb L, Perez de la Ossa N, Puig J, Ringleb P, Roy P, Scheel E, Schonewille W, Serena J, Sunaert S, Villringer K, Wouters A, Thijs V, Ebinger M, Endres M, Fiebach JB, Lemmens R, Muir KW, Nighoghossian N, Pedraza S, Gerloff C; WAKE-UP Investigators. MRI-Guided Thrombolysis for Stroke with Unknown Time of Onset. N Engl J Med. 2018 Aug 16;379(7):611-622. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1804355. Epub 2018 May 16. PubMed 29766770 ↗
  • Nagele FL, Scheldeman L, Wouters A, Heinze M, Petersen M, Schlemm E, Schell M, Ebinger M, Endres M, Fiebach JB, Fiehler J, Galinovic I, Lemmens R, Muir KW, Nighoghossian N, Pedraza S, Puig J, Simonsen CZ, Thijs V, Thomalla G, Cheng B. Blood-Brain Barrier Leakage in the Penumbra Is Associated With Infarction on Follow-Up Imaging in Acute Ischemic Stroke. Stroke. 2025 Jul;56(7):1832-1842. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.124.050171. Epub 2025 Apr 17. PubMed 40242873 ↗
  • Galinovic I, Fiebach JB, Boutitie F, Cheng B, Cho TH, Ebinger M, Endres M, Enzinger C, Fiehler J, Ford I, Gregori J, Gunther M, Lemmens R, Muir KW, Nighoghossian N, Roy P, Simonsen CZ, Thijs VN, Wouters A, Gerloff C, Thomalla G, Pedraza S; for WAKE-UP Investigators. Effect of IV Thrombolysis With Alteplase in Patients With Vessel Occlusion in the WAKE-UP Trial. Neurology. 2025 Jan 28;104(2):e209871. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000209871. Epub 2024 Dec 20. PubMed 39705631 ↗
  • Frey BM, Shenas F, Boutitie F, Cheng B, Cho TH, Ebinger M, Endres M, Fiebach JB, Fiehler J, Galinovic I, Barow E, Konigsberg A, Schlemm E, Pedraza S, Lemmens R, Thijs V, Muir KW, Nighoghossian N, Simonsen CZ, Gerloff C, Thomalla G; WAKE-UP Investigators. Intravenous Thrombolysis in Patients With White Matter Hyperintensities in the WAKE-UP Trial. Stroke. 2023 Jul;54(7):1718-1725. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.122.040247. Epub 2023 May 25. PubMed 37226772 ↗
  • Jensen M, Sehner S, Cheng B, Schlemm E, Quandt F, Barow E, Wegscheider K, Boutitie F, Ebinger M, Endres M, Fiebach JB, Thijs V, Lemmens R, Muir KW, Nighoghossian N, Pedraza S, Simonsen CZ, Thomalla G, Gerloff C. Patient-Reported Quality of Life After Intravenous Alteplase for Stroke in the WAKE-UP Trial. Neurology. 2023 Jan 10;100(2):e154-e162. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000201375. Epub 2022 Oct 27. PubMed 36302662 ↗
  • Barow E, Quandt F, Cheng B, Gelderblom M, Jensen M, Konigsberg A, Boutitie F, Nighoghossian N, Ebinger M, Endres M, Fiebach JB, Thijs V, Lemmens R, Muir KW, Pedraza S, Simonsen CZ, Gerloff C, Thomalla G. Association of White Blood Cell Count With Clinical Outcome Independent of Treatment With Alteplase in Acute Ischemic Stroke. Front Neurol. 2022 Jun 13;13:877367. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2022.877367. eCollection 2022. PubMed 35769368 ↗
  • Schlemm L, Braemswig TB, Boutitie F, Vynckier J, Jensen M, Galinovic I, Simonsen CZ, Cheng B, Cho TH, Fiehler J, Puig J, Thijs V, Fiebach J, Muir K, Nighoghossian N, Ebinger M, Pedraza S, Thomalla G, Gerloff C, Endres M, Lemmens R, Nolte CH; WAKE-UP Investigators. Cerebral Microbleeds and Treatment Effect of Intravenous Thrombolysis in Acute Stroke: An Analysis of the WAKE-UP Randomized Clinical Trial. Neurology. 2022 Jan 18;98(3):e302-e314. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000013055. Epub 2021 Nov 15. PubMed 34782419 ↗
  • Lettow I, Jensen M, Schlemm E, Boutitie F, Quandt F, Cheng B, Ebinger M, Endres M, Fiebach JB, Thijs V, Lemmens R, Muir KW, Nighoghossian N, Pedraza S, Simonsen CZ, Gerloff C, Thomalla G; WAKE-UP Investigators. Serious Adverse Events and Their Impact on Functional Outcome in Acute Ischemic Stroke in the WAKE-UP Trial. Stroke. 2021 Dec;52(12):3768-3776. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.120.033425. Epub 2021 Aug 26. PubMed 34433305 ↗
  • Barow E, Boutitie F, Cheng B, Cho TH, Ebinger M, Endres M, Fiebach JB, Fiehler J, Nickel A, Puig J, Roy P, Lemmens R, Thijs V, Muir KW, Nighoghossian N, Pedraza S, Simonsen CZ, Gerloff C, Thomalla G. 24-hour blood pressure variability and treatment effect of intravenous alteplase in acute ischaemic stroke. Eur Stroke J. 2021 Jun;6(2):168-175. doi: 10.1177/23969873211014758. Epub 2021 Jun 18. PubMed 34414292 ↗
  • Scheldeman L, Wouters A, Dupont P, Christensen S, Boutitie F, Cheng B, Ebinger M, Endres M, Fiebach JB, Gerloff C, Muir KW, Nighoghossian N, Pedraza S, Simonsen CZ, Ringelstein EB, Chamorro A, Grond M, Laage R, Schneider A, Thomalla G, Thijs V, Lemmens R. Reversible Edema in the Penumbra Correlates With Severity of Hypoperfusion. Stroke. 2021 Jul;52(7):2338-2346. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.120.033071. Epub 2021 May 13. PubMed 33980046 ↗
  • Konigsberg A, Sehner S, Arlt S, Cheng B, Simonsen CZ, Boutitie F, Serena J, Thijs V, Ebinger M, Endres M, Fiebach JB, Lemmens R, Muir KW, Nighoghossian N, Pedraza S, Gerloff C, Thomalla G; WAKE-UP investigators. Effect of intravenous alteplase on post-stroke depression in the WAKE UP trial. Eur J Neurol. 2021 Jun;28(6):2017-2025. doi: 10.1111/ene.14797. Epub 2021 Mar 22. PubMed 33657675 ↗
  • Grosch AS, Kufner A, Boutitie F, Cheng B, Ebinger M, Endres M, Fiebach JB, Fiehler J, Konigsberg A, Lemmens R, Muir KW, Nighoghossian N, Pedraza S, Siemonsen CZ, Thijs V, Wouters A, Gerloff C, Thomalla G, Galinovic I. Extent of FLAIR Hyperintense Vessels May Modify Treatment Effect of Thrombolysis: A Post hoc Analysis of the WAKE-UP Trial. Front Neurol. 2021 Feb 4;11:623881. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2020.623881. eCollection 2020. PubMed 33613422 ↗
  • Barow E, Pinnschmidt H, Boutitie F, Konigsberg A, Ebinger M, Endres M, Fiebach JB, Fiehler J, Thijs V, Lemmens R, Muir KW, Nighoghossian N, Pedraza S, Simonsen CZ, Gerloff C, Thomalla G, Cheng B; WAKE-UP investigators. Symptoms and probabilistic anatomical mapping of lacunar infarcts. Neurol Res Pract. 2020 Aug 3;2:21. doi: 10.1186/s42466-020-00068-y. eCollection 2020. PubMed 33324925 ↗
  • Schlemm L, Kufner A, Boutitie F, Nave AH, Gerloff C, Thomalla G, Simonsen CZ, Ford I, Lemmens R, Muir KW, Nighoghossian N, Pedraza S, Ebinger M, Endres M. Current Smoking Does Not Modify the Treatment Effect of Intravenous Thrombolysis in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients-A Post-hoc Analysis of the WAKE-UP Trial. Front Neurol. 2019 Nov 22;10:1239. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2019.01239. eCollection 2019. PubMed 31824412 ↗
  • Barow E, Boutitie F, Cheng B, Cho TH, Ebinger M, Endres M, Fiebach JB, Fiehler J, Ford I, Galinovic I, Nickel A, Puig J, Roy P, Wouters A, Thijs V, Lemmens R, Muir KW, Nighoghossian N, Pedraza S, Simonsen CZ, Gerloff C, Thomalla G; WAKE-UP investigators. Clinical Characteristics and Outcome of Patients with Lacunar Infarcts and Concurrent Embolic Ischemic Lesions. Clin Neuroradiol. 2020 Sep;30(3):511-516. doi: 10.1007/s00062-019-00800-5. Epub 2019 Jun 3. PubMed 31161343 ↗
  • Thomalla G, Boutitie F, Fiebach JB, Simonsen CZ, Nighoghossian N, Pedraza S, Lemmens R, Roy P, Muir KW, Heesen C, Ebinger M, Ford I, Cheng B, Cho TH, Puig J, Thijs V, Endres M, Fiehler J, Gerloff C. Effect of informed consent on patient characteristics in a stroke thrombolysis trial. Neurology. 2017 Sep 26;89(13):1400-1407. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000004414. Epub 2017 Aug 25. PubMed 28842449 ↗
  • Thomalla G, Boutitie F, Fiebach JB, Simonsen CZ, Pedraza S, Lemmens R, Nighoghossian N, Roy P, Muir KW, Ebinger M, Ford I, Cheng B, Galinovic I, Cho TH, Puig J, Thijs V, Endres M, Fiehler J, Gerloff C. Clinical characteristics of unknown symptom onset stroke patients with and without diffusion-weighted imaging and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery mismatch. Int J Stroke. 2018 Jan;13(1):66-73. doi: 10.1177/1747493017706245. Epub 2017 Apr 20. PubMed 28425349 ↗
  • Thomalla G, Boutitie F, Fiebach JB, Simonsen CZ, Nighoghossian N, Pedraza S, Lemmens R, Roy P, Muir KW, Ebinger M, Ford I, Cheng B, Galinovic I, Cho TH, Puig J, Thijs V, Endres M, Fiehler J, Gerloff C; WAKE-UP Investigators. Stroke With Unknown Time of Symptom Onset: Baseline Clinical and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Data of the First Thousand Patients in WAKE-UP (Efficacy and Safety of MRI-Based Thrombolysis in Wake-Up Stroke: A Randomized, Doubleblind, Placebo-Controlled Trial). Stroke. 2017 Mar;48(3):770-773. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.116.015233. Epub 2017 Feb 7. PubMed 28174327 ↗
09

Timeline

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
ElapsedEstimatedEstimated, not yet reachedSimilar studies: half by the dot; the band is the middle halfHalf of similar studies reached it by the dot; the band is the middle half, from a quarter to three quarters

Ran from Sep 2012 to primary completion in Oct 2018, 73 months.

Of 124 non-industry phase 3 interventional studies under Stroke, half reached primary completion within 44 months of starting (the median), counting those still running; a quarter within 25 and three quarters within 68. This study's 73 months is above that.

Counting every sponsor, half of 157 studies reached it within 36 months; a quarter within 22 and three quarters within 56.

How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.

Registered
Jan 30, 2012
First posted
Feb 2, 2012
StartActual
Sep 2012
Primary completionActual
Oct 2018
CompletionActual
Oct 2018
Last update
Oct 11, 2018
What these dates mean
Start.
When the first participant enrolled; while estimated, when the study expects to open to recruitment.
Primary completion.
When the last participant was examined or treated to collect data for the study's main question, its primary outcome. A study that stopped early gives the date its data collection stopped.
Completion.
When the last participant's last visit took place, for every outcome, secondary ones and side effects included: the end of the study. Often later than primary completion, sometimes the same day.
Actual and Est.
Actual means the registry says the date has happened. Est. (estimated) is a date the sponsor plans or expects. It can still move, and the sponsor is expected to change it to actual once it has passed.
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Oct 11, 2018, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
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Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT01525290
Responsible party
Götz Thomalla, MD (Coordinating Investigator, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf) — Principal investigator
First posted
Feb 2, 2012
Start date
Sep 2012
Primary completion
Oct 2018
Completion
Oct 2018
Last update
Oct 11, 2018

Study contacts

Christian Gerloff, MD
study chair · Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf
Goetz Thomalla, MD
principal investigator · Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
Yes
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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Studies of the drug tested here: Tissue Plasminogen Activator

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