An observational study in Retinal Disease, AMD and Retinal Degeneration, sponsored by National Eye Institute (NEI). Recruiting at 1 site in United States. Open to participants aged 1 Day to 120 Years, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-11-10.
Sponsored by National Eye Institute (NEI) · Observational
Background:
- Best Vitelliform Dystrophy (Best disease), Late-Onset Retinal Degeneration (L-ORD), and Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) all affect the retina, the light sensing area at the back of the eye. Doctors cannot safely obtain retinal cells to study these diseases. However, cells collected from hair follicles, skin, saliva, urine, and blood can be used for research. Researchers want to collect cells from people with Best disease, L-ORD, and AMD, and compare their cells with those of healthy volunteers.
Objectives:
- To collect hair, skin, saliva, urine, and/or blood samples to study three eye diseases that affect the retina: Best disease, L-ORD, and AMD.
Eligibility:
Design:
This study will establish a repository of biospecimens to generate induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, which will be used to determine molecular mechanisms for potentially blinding eye diseases including but not limited to: Best Vitelliform Dystrophy (Best Disease); Late-Onset Retinal Degeneration (L-ORD); Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD); Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA); Joubert syndrome; X-linked retinitis pigmentosa (RP); oculocutaneous albinism; Stargardt s with ABCA4 gene mutations; Waardenburg syndrome, coloboma, Enhanced S-Cone syndrome (ESCS), Spinocerebellar Ataxia, Type 7 (SCA7) and eye diseases associated with MITF, PAX2, or PAX6 gene mutations. Skin fibroblasts, saliva, hair keratinocytes, urine, and/or blood cells may be collected from participants with retinal diseases and from age, sex, and ethnicity-matched healthy participants.
Although research involving multiple different ocular cell types from these patients may be performed, the vast majority of the work will be centered on the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and neural retina. RPE and/or neural retinal cells generated from the iPS cells of participants with retinal diseases and healthy volunteers will be used to analyze molecular mechanisms involved in disease initiation and progression. In addition, the iPS cell-derived ocular cells will be used to perform high throughput (HTP) drug screens aimed at suppressing the molecular phenotypes of the disease and to identify potential therapeutic agents for these diseases.
Objectives: The primary objective of this study is to generate participant-iPS cells that can be differentiated into ocular cell types, to be used to study the molecular mechanisms of and to develop treatments for ocular conditions. This objective will be carried out in three phases. First, this study will establish a repository of fibroblasts, keratinocytes, urine-derived cells and/or blood cells collected from participants with eye diseases and from matched controls without any eye diseases. Second, the somatic cell repository will be used to generate iPS cells, which will be differentiated into RPE, neural retinal and/or other ocular cells. These cells will be used to elucidate molecular pathways that have led to disease pathogenesis. In the third phase, the participant-specific ocular cells will be used to perform high throughput drug screens to identify novel potential therapeutic compounds. The cells obtained in this protocol may be genetically modified, may be transplanted into animals in the laboratory, and, if used in the development of cell-based therapies, may be transplanted into humans. Transplantation into humans will be done as a part of a different study.
Study Population: We plan to recruit 465 participants with ocular conditions including but not limited to: degenerative retinal diseases, optic atrophy, microphthalmia/anophthalmia, ciliopathy, and other ocular developmental or degenerative conditions, and 465 healthy volunteers without any eye disease. If possible, unaffected siblings and relatives of participants with eye diseases will be included as healthy volunteers.
Design: In this basic science, research-oriented study, skin, saliva, hair, urine, and/or blood samples may be collected from affected participants with the eye diseases and/or genetic mutations under study, and from control participants matched for age, sex, and ethnicity. The sample collection procedures will incur only minimal risk to adult participants. This study will typically require only one visit by each participant. Participants may be requested to return if their initial sample(s) did not produce adequate cells for study in the laboratory. Participants who were previously enrolled to provide samples for research-grade iPS cell generation may return for an additional visit to provide samples for clinical-grade iPS cell generation, if eligible. The skin fibroblast, keratinocyte, urine-derived cells and/or blood samples will then be used to generate participant-specific iPS cells, and these cells will then be differentiated into RPE, neural retinal and/or other ocular cell types. iPS cells may not be made from all samples. The investigators will use the samples for research studies aimed at identifying molecular and signaling pathways underlying disease onset and progression and for developing potential therapeutic treatments for the eye diseases under study.
Outcome Measures: The outcome measures for this study include the creation of iPS cells from at least one of the three types of somatic tissues collected from each participant, the differentiation of iPS cells into RPE, neural retinal cells and/or other ocular cells, and the identification of molecular and physiological phenotypes in these cells that may be linked to the onset or progression of the ocular conditions being studied. This analysis may lead to the discovery of therapeutic interventions for these diseases. There are no specific participant-based clinical outcomes for this protocol. Participants will, in general, be seen only once for this protocol. In rare cases, participants may be requested to return to the clinic if their initial sample(s) did not produce adequate cells for study in the laboratory.
278 studies on the registry are indexed under Retinitis Pigmentosa; 72 are open to participants now.
This study's planned enrollment of 930 is above the median of 52 across 87 observational studies indexed under Retinitis Pigmentosa.
Browse Retinitis Pigmentosa studies →National Eye Institute (NEI) is the lead sponsor of 272 studies on the registry; 17 are open to participants now.
Of its 8 completed or terminated interventional studies of FDA-regulated products, 8 (100%) have results posted.
Compared within Retinitis Pigmentosa, this study's primary condition as ClinicalTrials.gg classifies it; the registry's first condition term is Retinal Diseases. The counts are of registry records indexed under each term, refreshed daily. How we classify →
465 participants with ocular conditions and 465 participants without any ocular disease
To be eligible, participants must meet the following inclusion criteria.
Participant meets one of the following criteria:
Participant meets one of the following criteria:
EXCLUSION CRITERIA:
A participant is not eligible if any of the following exclusion criteria are present.
ADDITIONAL CRITERIA FOR CLNICAL-GRADE CELL LINE GENERATION:
The additional eligibility criteria must be met for participants donating samples for the generation of clinical-grade cell lines.
Inclusion Criteria
Exclusion Criteria
Participant has medical history that includes any of the following:
History of exposure to transfusion transmitted diseases including and and C as defined by the Standards for Blood
Banking and Transfusion Services, American Association of Blood Banks.
Participant has level:
Participant has low hematocrit (HCT):
Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Before you join, the study team explains what taking part involves — its purpose, what happens, the risks and possible benefits — and answers your questions, so you can decide freely. Consent is usually recorded on a form (the informed consent form, ICF) signed by you or, where the law allows, by someone legally authorised to decide for you.
You can keep asking questions during the study, you are told of new information that matters, and you can choose to leave at any time.
A biopsy takes a small piece of tissue to examine. “Archival tissue” is a sample already taken, for example at diagnosis, and kept by the hospital.
Whether a stored sample will do depends on when it was taken, how much there is and what the study needs. Ask whether the study accepts your stored sample or needs a new biopsy.
The human immunodeficiency virus, which weakens the immune system.
Many studies now accept people whose HIV is controlled on treatment, judged by the viral load and the CD4 count. Check the limits this study sets.
Hepatitis B is a virus that infects the liver. These are separate tests: HBsAg positive usually means a current infection (a recent vaccination can briefly cause it too); total anti-HBc (HBcAb) positive means an infection now or in the past; HBV DNA measures how much virus is in the blood.
Some studies accept a past infection if HBV DNA is undetectable, sometimes with antiviral medicine during the study. Check what this study allows.
The protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen. A low level is anaemia, which can cause tiredness and breathlessness. Measured in g/dL or g/L (9 g/dL is 90 g/L).
Blood cells that help blood clot. Too few raises the risk of bleeding and bruising. A usual adult range is about 150–400 × 10⁹/L (150,000–400,000 per µL); each lab has its own reference range.
The number of neutrophils, white blood cells that help fight infection, in a given amount of blood. Too few raises the risk of infection.
It is a count, not a percentage of the white cells. Limits are written in units that mean the same: ≥ 1.5 × 10⁹/L is ≥ 1,500 per mm³ (µL). Each lab has its own reference range.
Hepatitis C is a virus that infects the liver. An HCV antibody test can stay positive after an infection has cleared (and is occasionally positive without one); an HCV RNA test shows whether the virus is there now.
After treatment, hepatitis C counts as cured when HCV RNA is still undetectable 12 weeks or more after the treatment ended. Studies often accept people cured this way.
Informed consent
Before you join, the study team explains what taking part involves — its purpose, what happens, the risks and possible benefits — and answers your questions, so you can decide freely. Consent is usually recorded on a form (the informed consent form, ICF) signed by you or, where the law allows, by someone legally authorised to decide for you.
You can keep asking questions during the study, you are told of new information that matters, and you can choose to leave at any time.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Biopsy and archival tissue
A biopsy takes a small piece of tissue to examine. “Archival tissue” is a sample already taken, for example at diagnosis, and kept by the hospital.
Whether a stored sample will do depends on when it was taken, how much there is and what the study needs. Ask whether the study accepts your stored sample or needs a new biopsy.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
HIV
The human immunodeficiency virus, which weakens the immune system.
Many studies now accept people whose HIV is controlled on treatment, judged by the viral load and the CD4 count. Check the limits this study sets.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Hepatitis B tests
Hepatitis B is a virus that infects the liver. These are separate tests: HBsAg positive usually means a current infection (a recent vaccination can briefly cause it too); total anti-HBc (HBcAb) positive means an infection now or in the past; HBV DNA measures how much virus is in the blood.
Some studies accept a past infection if HBV DNA is undetectable, sometimes with antiviral medicine during the study. Check what this study allows.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Hemoglobin (Hb)
The protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen. A low level is anaemia, which can cause tiredness and breathlessness. Measured in g/dL or g/L (9 g/dL is 90 g/L).
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Platelets
Blood cells that help blood clot. Too few raises the risk of bleeding and bruising. A usual adult range is about 150–400 × 10⁹/L (150,000–400,000 per µL); each lab has its own reference range.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Absolute neutrophil count (ANC)
The number of neutrophils, white blood cells that help fight infection, in a given amount of blood. Too few raises the risk of infection.
It is a count, not a percentage of the white cells. Limits are written in units that mean the same: ≥ 1.5 × 10⁹/L is ≥ 1,500 per mm³ (µL). Each lab has its own reference range.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Hepatitis C tests
Hepatitis C is a virus that infects the liver. An HCV antibody test can stay positive after an infection has cleared (and is occasionally positive without one); an HCV RNA test shows whether the virus is there now.
After treatment, hepatitis C counts as cured when HCV RNA is still undetectable 12 weeks or more after the treatment ended. Studies often accept people cured this way.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Participants affected by ocular diseases/conditions.
Age, sex, and ethnicity-matched to participants with ocular conditions or the unaffected relatives of participants with ocular conditions
Discovery of therapeutic interventions for these ocular diseases
The participant-specific ocular cells will be used to perform high throughput drug screens to identify novel potential therapeutic compounds.
Time frame: Duration of protocol
The identification of molecular and physiological phenotypes in these cells that may be linked to the onset or progression of the ocular conditions being studied.
The differentiated cells will be used to elucidate molecular pathways that have led to disease pathogenesis.
Time frame: Duration of protocol
The differentiation of iPS cells into RPE, neural retinal cells and/or other ocular cells.
The iPS cells will be differentiated into RPE, neural retinal and/or other ocular cells.
Time frame: Duration of protocol
The creation of iPS cells from at least one of the three types of somatic tissues collected from each participant.
This study will establish a repository of fibroblasts, keratinocytes, and/or blood cells collected from participants with eye diseases and from matched controls without any eye diseases. The somatic cell repository will be used to generate iPS cells.
Time frame: Duration of protocol
Plan to share: No
From the registry record's own update history. This site started tracking changes on Sep 25, 2026; for anything earlier, see the record history on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
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