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CompletedNCT01420640FMExUpdated Feb 10, 2016

Tai Chi and Aerobic Exercise for Fibromyalgia (FMEx)

An interventional study of Lower frequency, shorter period of Tai Chi and Higher frequency, shorter period of Tai Chi in Fibromyalgia, sponsored by Tufts Medical Center. Completed at 1 site in United States. Open to participants aged 21 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2016-02-10.

Sponsored by Tufts Medical Center · Not applicable, Interventional, and Treatment

Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
224
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
21 Years and older
Sex
All
01

Study summary

The investigators will conduct a large randomized controlled trial comparing the effectiveness of Tai Chi mind-body exercise and standard-of-care aerobic exercise for fibromyalgia. In addition, the investigators will determine the optimal frequency and duration of a Tai Chi intervention for short and long-term effectiveness.

Read the detailed description

Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic musculoskeletal pain syndrome that causes substantial physical and psychological impairment and costs over $25 billion annually. Current pharmacological therapies may be expensive, cause serious adverse effects, and fail to effectively improve pain and function. Finding new and effective non-pharmacological treatments for FM patients is urgently needed.

We propose to conduct the first comparative effectiveness trial of Tai Chi vs. aerobic exercise (a recommended component of the current standard of care) and to evaluate effectiveness under different Tai Chi dosing schedules in a large FM population. We aim to (1) demonstrate that, compared to aerobic exercise, Tai Chi is a more effective intervention for managing the pain and improving the functional limitations that impact quality of life for FM patients, and 2) determine the optimal frequency and duration of a supervised Tai Chi intervention in relation to short and long-term effectiveness. To achieve this goal, we will conduct a single-blind, randomized controlled trial of Tai Chi vs. aerobic exercise in 216 patients who meet the American College of Rheumatology criteria for FM. Patients will be randomized to one of four Tai Chi intervention groups: 12 or 24 weeks of supervised Tai Chi given once or twice per week, or a supervised aerobic exercise control: 2x/week for 24 weeks. All groups will have a 52-week follow-up. The primary outcome will be the FM Impact Questionnaire total score at 24 weeks. Secondary outcomes include the measures of widespread pain, functional performance, psychological functioning, self-efficacy, sleep quality, and quality of life at 12, 24, and 52 weeks.

Successful completion of the proposed study will determine the ideal regimen of Tai Chi and demonstrate that Tai Chi can be a simple, effective, and durable treatment for this therapeutically challenging disorder.

02

Conditions studied

  • Fibromyalgia

Keywords

  • Fibromyalgia
  • Tai Chi
  • mind-body exercise
  • aerobic exercise
  • exercise
  • pain
03

In context

Fibromyalgia

1,336 studies on the registry are indexed under Fibromyalgia; 266 are open to participants now.

This study's enrollment of 224 is above the median of 60 across 1,035 interventional studies indexed under Fibromyalgia.

Browse Fibromyalgia studies →

Lead sponsor

Tufts Medical Center is the lead sponsor of 194 studies on the registry; 28 are open to participants now.

Of its 30 completed or terminated interventional studies of FDA-regulated products, 16 (53%) have results posted.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
21 Years and older
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Inclusion criteria

  • Age 21 years or older.
  • Fulfills the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) 1990 classification criteria for FM: (1) a history of widespread musculoskeletal pain on the right and left sides of the body as well as above and below the waist for a minimum duration of 3 months, and (2) pain in 11 or more of 18 specific tender points with moderate or greater tenderness reported upon digital palpation.27
  • Fulfills the ACR 2010 diagnostic criteria for FM: (WPI ≥7 AND SS ≥5) OR (WPI 3-6 AND SS ≥9) and does not have a disorder that would otherwise explain the pain28
  • Willing to complete the 12-week or 24-week study, including once or twice-a-week exercise sessions.
  • Willing to abstain from Tai Chi or other new formalized exercise programs until completion of the study if randomized to the Aerobic Exercise.
  • Willing to abstain from Aerobic Exercise or other new formalized exercise programs until completion of the study if randomized to Tai Chi

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Prior experience with Tai Chi or other similar types of Complementary and Alternative Medicine in the past 1 year such as Qi gong and yoga since these share some of the principles of Tai Chi.
  • Dementia, neurological disease, cancer, cardiovascular disease, pulmonary disease, metabolic disease, renal disease, liver disease, or other serious medical conditions limiting ability to participate in the Tai Chi or Aerobic Exercise programs, as determined by the study physicians.
  • Any other diagnosed medical condition known to contribute to FM symptomatology that is not under adequate control for the study period such as thyroid disease, inflammatory arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, myositis, vasculitis or Sjogren's syndrome.
  • Inability to pass the Mini-Mental Status examination (with a score below 24) 29
  • Enrollment in any other clinical trial within the last 30 days
  • Plan to permanently relocate from the region during the trial period
  • Positive urine pregnancy test at baseline or planning pregnancy within the study period
  • Not English-Speaking: English is the only language to be used during the exercise training program. Our self-reported outcome measures are obtained from validated English-version questionnaires. In addition, using other languages would likely require separate classes, recruitment and instructors which are beyond our current study scope
05

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
Single (Outcomes assessor)
Enrollment
224 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Active comparator
    Tai Chi

    Behavioral: Lower frequency, shorter period of Tai Chi · Behavioral: Higher frequency, shorter period of Tai Chi · Behavioral: Shorter frequency, longer period of Tai Chi · Behavioral: Higher frequency, longer period of Tai Chi

  • Active comparator
    Aerobic Exercise Training

    Behavioral: Aerobic Exercise Training

Interventions

  • BehavioralLower frequency, shorter period of Tai Chi

    12 weeks of supervised Tai Chi classes, 1x/week

  • BehavioralHigher frequency, shorter period of Tai Chi

    12 weeks of supervised Tai Chi classes, 2x/week

  • BehavioralShorter frequency, longer period of Tai Chi

    24 weeks of supervised Tai Chi classes, 1x/week

  • BehavioralHigher frequency, longer period of Tai Chi

    24 weeks of supervised Tai Chi classes, 2x/week

  • BehavioralAerobic Exercise Training

    24 weeks of supervised aerobic exercise training, 2x/week

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Change in Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ) from baseline to 24 weeks

    Overall severity of FM, intensity of pain, physical function, fatigue, morning tiredness, depression, anxiety, job difficulty, and overall well-being

    Time frame: Week 0, Week 24

Secondary outcomes

  1. Change in Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire at follow-up

    Overall severity of FM, intensity of pain, physical function, fatigue, morning tiredness, depression, anxiety, job difficulty, and overall well-being

    Time frame: Week 0, Week 12, Week 52

  2. FM Symptom Severity Scale

    FM symptoms

    Time frame: Week 0, Week 12, Week 24, Week 52

  3. Body Mass Index (BMI)

    General health

    Time frame: Week 0, Week 12, Week 24, Week 52

  4. Medical Outcome Study Short Form 36 (SF-36)

    General health/functional status

    Time frame: Week 0, Week 12, Week 24, Week 52

  5. Patient Global Assessment

    General health/functional status

    Time frame: Week 0, Week 12, Week 24, Week 52

  6. The Beck Depression Inventory II

    Depression

    Time frame: Week 0, Week 12, Week 24, Week 52

  7. The Chronic Pain Self-Efficacy Scale (CPSS)

    Chronic pain

    Time frame: Week 0, Week 12, Week 24, Week 52

  8. The Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)

    Sleep quality

    Time frame: Week 0, Week 12, Week 24, Week 52

  9. The Sleep Quality Numeric Rating Scale (NRS)

    Sleep quality

    Time frame: Week 0, Week 12, Week 24, Week 52

  10. 6-Minute Walk

    Walking ability and Endurance

    Time frame: Week 0, Week 12, Week 24, Week 52

  11. The Chair Stand Test

    Physical functioning

    Time frame: Week 0, Week 12, Week 24, Week 52

  12. The brief Outcome Expectation Scale (OES)

    Outcome expectations

    Time frame: Week 0, Week 12, Week 24, Week 52

  13. Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ)

    Healthcare cost and utilization

    Time frame: Week 0, Week 12, Week 24, Week 52

  14. PROMIS Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ)

    Health status

    Time frame: Week 0, Week 12, Week 24, Week 52

  15. Muscle Strength/Power and Balance

    Physical functioning as assessed by muscle strength and power, and balance

    Time frame: Week 0, Week 12, Week 24, Week 52

  16. CHAMPS Activities Questionnaire for Older Adults

    Activity levels

    Time frame: Week 0, Week 12, Week 24, Week 52

07

Study locations

1 site
  • Tufts Medical Center
    Boston, Massachusetts 02111, United States
08

References and documents

Publications

  • Wang C, Collet JP, Lau J. The effect of Tai Chi on health outcomes in patients with chronic conditions: a systematic review. Arch Intern Med. 2004 Mar 8;164(5):493-501. doi: 10.1001/archinte.164.5.493. PubMed 15006825 ↗
  • Wang C, Roubenoff R, Lau J, Kalish R, Schmid CH, Tighiouart H, Rones R, Hibberd PL. Effect of Tai Chi in adults with rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2005 May;44(5):685-7. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/keh572. Epub 2005 Mar 1. No abstract available. PubMed 15741197 ↗
  • Wang C, Schmid CH, Hibberd PL, Kalish R, Roubenoff R, Rones R, McAlindon T. Tai Chi is effective in treating knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial. Arthritis Rheum. 2009 Nov 15;61(11):1545-53. doi: 10.1002/art.24832. PubMed 19877092 ↗
  • Wang C, Schmid CH, Rones R, Kalish R, Yinh J, Goldenberg DL, Lee Y, McAlindon T. A randomized trial of tai chi for fibromyalgia. N Engl J Med. 2010 Aug 19;363(8):743-54. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0912611. PubMed 20818876 ↗
  • Park M, Bannuru RR, Price LL, Harvey WF, Driban JB, Wang C. Effective recruitment strategies in an exercise trial for patients with fibromyalgia. Trials. 2021 Aug 21;22(1):557. doi: 10.1186/s13063-021-05502-3. PubMed 34419131 ↗
  • Wang C, Schmid CH, Fielding RA, Harvey WF, Reid KF, Price LL, Driban JB, Kalish R, Rones R, McAlindon T. Effect of tai chi versus aerobic exercise for fibromyalgia: comparative effectiveness randomized controlled trial. BMJ. 2018 Mar 21;360:k851. doi: 10.1136/bmj.k851. PubMed 29563100 ↗
  • Wang C, McAlindon T, Fielding RA, Harvey WF, Driban JB, Price LL, Kalish R, Schmid A, Scott TM, Schmid CH. A novel comparative effectiveness study of Tai Chi versus aerobic exercise for fibromyalgia: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2015 Jan 30;16:34. doi: 10.1186/s13063-015-0548-x. PubMed 25633475 ↗
09

Updates

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Feb 10, 2016, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT01420640
Lead sponsor
Tufts Medical Center
Collaborators
National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH)
Responsible party
Sponsor
First posted
Aug 19, 2011
Start date
Jan 2012
Primary completion
Nov 2015
Completion
Nov 2015
Last update
Feb 10, 2016

Study contacts

Chenchen Wang, MD, MSc
principal investigator · Tufts Medical Center

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
Yes
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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This study is completed, as verified in Feb 2016. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

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