An interventional study of Applied Suicide Intervention Skills Training and Resilience Retreat in Suicide, sponsored by University of Manitoba. Completed at 1 site in Canada. Open to participants aged 16 Years and older, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2014-05-13.
Sponsored by University of Manitoba · Not applicable, Interventional, and Prevention
Primary Hypothesis: Participants in the Applied Suicide Intervention Skills Training (ASIST) gatekeeper training will be significantly more likely to have increased knowledge and preparedness to help people with suicidal ideation than participants who receive the resilience retreat.
Secondary Hypotheses:
Inclusion criterion: All members of the Swampy Cree Tribal communities who are currently residing on the reserves will be eligible to participate in the study.
Exclusion criterion: Exclusion criteria for the study include being less than 16 years of age, prior training in SafeTALK or ASIST, being an elected official in a First Nations community, and inability to read or write.
Primary outcome: Skills in Suicide Intervention: Suicide Intervention Response Inventory.The Suicide Intervention Response Inventory (SIRI) will be used to detect enhancement of intervention skills in participants. The SIRI is a self-administered test that was designed to measure competence in choosing appropriate response to a series of clinical scenarios with suicidal individuals. Research on the SIRI has shown its good psychometric properties, freedom from social desirability effects, and responsiveness to training in suicide prevention. It contains 25 items, each of which consists of a "client" remark and two "helper" responses. Responses are judged based on response options made by highly expert suicidologists. The SIRI has shown good internal consistency with alpha of 0.834, and good test-retest reliability.
Secondary Outcomes:
701 studies on the registry are indexed under Suicide; 183 are open to participants now.
This study's enrollment of 55 is below the median of 104 across 560 interventional studies indexed under Suicide.
Browse Suicide studies →University of Manitoba is the lead sponsor of 542 studies on the registry; 87 are open to participants now.
Of its 12 completed or terminated interventional studies of FDA-regulated products, 5 (42%) have results posted.
Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.
Exclusion Criteria:
ASIST is a 2-day intensive, interactive and practice-dominated course aimed at enabling people to recognize risk and learn how to intervene immediately to prevent suicide. The training is designed for anyone (especially those in a position of trust), from professionals and volunteers to members of the community. Participants range from those in caring roles to people concerned about family members or friends. The theory is that suicide can be pre¬vented with the help of prepared caregivers. ASIST is designed to help all caregivers become more willing, ready and able to help persons at risk. Just as "CPR" skills make physical first aid possible, training in suicide intervention develops the skills used in suicide first aid.
Behavioral: Applied Suicide Intervention Skills Training
The two days will be divided into cultural activities, sharing circles, small group discussions, story telling and dance. Two First Nations community leaders will be identified to lead each of the two retreats.
Behavioral: Resilience Retreat
Applied Suicide Intervention Skills Training (ASIST) is a 2-day, 14 hour suicide intervention skills training workshop.
Also known as: ASIST
The Resilience Retreat is a 2-day, 14 hour session
SIRI Questionnaire Score
The Suicide Intervention Response Inventory (SIRI-2) will be used to detect enhancement of intervention skills in participants. The 25-item SIRI-2 is a self-administered test that was designed to measure competnce in choosing appropriate response to a series of clinical scenarios with suicidal individuals. Research on the SIRI-2 has shown its good psychometric properties, freedom from social desirabiity effects and responsiveness to training in suicide prevention.
Time frame: pre-training, post-training and 6 mo follow up
Self-perceived Confidence in Helping a Suicidal Individual
Meaures the level of confidence that the individual believes they have in helping a suicidal person based on a 4 point Likert scale ranging from 1 (not at all confident) to 4 (very confident).
Time frame: pre-training, post-training and 6 month follow-up
Self-perceived Skill in Helping a Suicidal Individual
Measures the level of ability that the individual believes they have in helping a suicidal person based on a 4 point Likert scale ranging from 1 (not at all skilled) to 4 (very skilled).
Time frame: pre-training, post-training and 6 month follow-up
Self-perceived Knowledge About Suicide
Measures the level of knowledge about suicide that the individual believes they have based on a 4 point Likert scale ranging from 1 (not at all knowledgeable) to 4 (very knowledgeable).
Time frame: pre-training, post-training and 6 month follow-up
Self-perceived Preparedness
Measures the level of preparedness of the individual to help someone who is suicidal based on a 4 point Likert scale ranging from 1 (not at all prepared) to 4 (very prepared).
Time frame: pre-training, post-training and 6 month follow-up
Self-reported Distress
Measures the level of distress in the participant using the K6 distress scale. The scale is comprised of six questions which are scored from 0 (none of the time) to 4 (all of the time). The sum of the scores from all six questions was used to determine a total scale score which ranges from 0 (not at all distressed) to 24 (very distressed).
Time frame: pre-training and 6 month follow-up
Self-reported Alcohol Use
Details participants' level of alcohol consumption and if it may be harmful according to the AUDIT. The AUDIT scale is comprised of ten questions with most questions being scored from 0 (never) to 4 (4 or more times per week). The sum of the scores from all ten questions was used to determine a total scale score which ranges from 0 (no risk related to alcohol) to 40 (high risk related to alcohol). Total scores of 8 or more are recommended as indicators of hazardous and harmful alcohol use, as well as possible alcohol dependence.
Time frame: pre-training and 6 month follow-up
Self-reported Resiliency Score
Assesses resiliency in the participant according to the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, 10-item. The CD-RISC 10 is comprised of ten questions scored from 0 (Not at all true) to 4 (True nearly all of the time). The sum of the scores from all ten questions was used to determine a total scale score which ranges from 0 (low resiliency) to 40 (highly resilient).
Time frame: pre-training and 6 month follow-up
Lifetime Suicidal Ideation at Baseline
Number of people who endorsed having thought about suicide in their lifetime as measured at baseline
Time frame: July 19-20, 2010
Lifetime Suicide Attempt at Baseline
Number of people who endorsed having made a suicide attempt in their lifetime as measured at baseline
Time frame: July 19-20, 2010
Suicidal Ideation in Past 2 Days at Baseline
Number of people who endorsed having thought about suicide in the past 2 days as measured at baseline (not at all vs a little to a lot)
Time frame: July 19-20, 2010
Number of People With Suicidal Ideation in Past 2 Days Immediately Post Training
Number of people who endorsed having thought about suicide in the past 2 days as measured immediately post training (not at all vs a little to a lot)
Time frame: July 22-23, 2010
Suicidal Ideation Since Training at 6 mo Follow-up
Number of people who endorsed having thought about suicide since the training as measured at 6 month follow-up (not at all vs a little to a lot)
Time frame: January 28-31, 2011
Attempted Suicide Since Training at 6 mo Follow-up
Number of people who endorsed having made a suicide attempt since the training as measured at 6 month follow-up
Time frame: January 28-31, 2011
Gatekeeper Behaviors - Asked Person at Risk About Suicidal Thoughts
Number of participants who have asked someone that they thought was at risk about suicidal thoughts since the training, measured at 6 month follow-up assessment.
Time frame: January 28-31, 2011
Gatekeeper Behaviours - Did Not Ask Person at Risk
Number of participants who did not ask someone about their suicidal thoughts even though they thought they were at risk, measured at 6 month follow-up assessment based on time since training.
Time frame: January 28-31, 2011
Various methods of advertising for volunteers was used (i.e., radio advertisements, newsletters, posters). Community activities were organized by community representatives in an effort to recruit individuals to participate in the study (i.e., through a bingo night, barbecue, etc.) between May 2010 and May 2011.
| Milestone | Applied Suicide Intervention Skills Training (ASIST) | Resilience Retreat |
|---|---|---|
| Started | 48 | 48 |
| Training workshop | 31 | 24 |
| Post training questionnaire | 26 | 23 |
| Completed | 26 | 23 |
| Not completed | 22 | 25 |
| Withdrew: Withdrawal by subject | 17 | 24 |
| Withdrew: Lost to follow-up | 5 | 1 |
| Milestone | Applied Suicide Intervention Skills Training (ASIST) | Resilience Retreat |
|---|---|---|
| Started | 31 | 24 |
| Completed | 28 | 22 |
| Not completed | 3 | 2 |
| Withdrew: Lost to follow-up | 3 | 2 |
The Suicide Intervention Response Inventory (SIRI-2) will be used to detect enhancement of intervention skills in participants. The 25-item SIRI-2 is a self-administered test that was designed to measure competnce in choosing appropriate response to a series of clinical scenarios with suicidal individuals. Research on the SIRI-2 has shown its good psychometric properties, freedom from social desirabiity effects and responsiveness to training in suicide prevention.
| number of items correct | Applied Suicide Intervention Skills Training (ASIST) | Resilience Retreat |
|---|---|---|
| Pre-training | 12.90 ± 2.78 | 14.17 ± 4.10 |
| Post-training | 14.83 ± 3.92 | 14.30 ± 3.42 |
| 6 month follow-up | 13.52 ± 3.72 | 15.05 ± 3.58 |
Meaures the level of confidence that the individual believes they have in helping a suicidal person based on a 4 point Likert scale ranging from 1 (not at all confident) to 4 (very confident).
| scores on a scale | Applied Suicide Intervention Skills Training (ASIST) | Resilience Retreat |
|---|---|---|
| Pre-training | 2.68 ± 0.91 | 2.87 ± 0.80 |
| Post-training | 2.73 ± 0.78 | 2.57 ± 0.99 |
| 6 month follow-up | 2.63 ± 0.93 | 2.68 ± 0.84 |
Measures the level of ability that the individual believes they have in helping a suicidal person based on a 4 point Likert scale ranging from 1 (not at all skilled) to 4 (very skilled).
| scores on a scale | Applied Suicide Intervention Skills Training (ASIST) | Resilience Retreat |
|---|---|---|
| Pre-training | 1.94 ± 0.77 | 2.00 ± 0.74 |
| Post-training | 2.50 ± 0.76 | 2.23 ± 0.97 |
| 6 month follow-up | 2.43 ± 0.92 | 2.27 ± 0.97 |
Measures the level of knowledge about suicide that the individual believes they have based on a 4 point Likert scale ranging from 1 (not at all knowledgeable) to 4 (very knowledgeable).
| Scores on a scale | Applied Suicide Intervention Skills Training (ASIST) | Resilience Retreat |
|---|---|---|
| Pre-training | 2.16 ± 0.97 | 2.09 ± 0.79 |
| Post-training | 2.65 ± 0.75 | 2.23 ± 0.92 |
| 6 month follow-up | 2.50 ± 0.88 | 2.23 ± 0.81 |
Measures the level of preparedness of the individual to help someone who is suicidal based on a 4 point Likert scale ranging from 1 (not at all prepared) to 4 (very prepared).
| Scores on a scale | Applied Suicide Intervention Skills Training (ASIST) | Resilience Retreat |
|---|---|---|
| Pre-training | 2.19 ± 0.87 | 2.33 ± 0.76 |
| Post-training | 2.77 ± 0.91 | 2.39 ± 0.84 |
| 6 month follow-up | 2.43 ± 0.96 | 2.45 ± 0.86 |
Measures the level of distress in the participant using the K6 distress scale. The scale is comprised of six questions which are scored from 0 (none of the time) to 4 (all of the time). The sum of the scores from all six questions was used to determine a total scale score which ranges from 0 (not at all distressed) to 24 (very distressed).
| Scores on a scale | Applied Suicide Intervention Skills Training (ASIST) | Resilience Retreat |
|---|---|---|
| Pre-training | 7.62 ± 0.98 | 6.30 ± 1.13 |
| 6 month follow-up | 6.40 ± 0.80 | 6.77 ± 0.92 |
Details participants' level of alcohol consumption and if it may be harmful according to the AUDIT. The AUDIT scale is comprised of ten questions with most questions being scored from 0 (never) to 4 (4 or more times per week). The sum of the scores from all ten questions was used to determine a total scale score which ranges from 0 (no risk related to alcohol) to 40 (high risk related to alcohol). Total scores of 8 or more are recommended as indicators of hazardous and harmful alcohol use, as well as possible alcohol dependence.
| Scores on a scale | Applied Suicide Intervention Skills Training (ASIST) | Resilience Retreat |
|---|---|---|
| Pre-training | 12.14 ± 2.76 | 9.70 ± 2.35 |
| 6 month follow-up | 8.38 ± 1.86 | 8.76 ± 1.58 |
Assesses resiliency in the participant according to the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, 10-item. The CD-RISC 10 is comprised of ten questions scored from 0 (Not at all true) to 4 (True nearly all of the time). The sum of the scores from all ten questions was used to determine a total scale score which ranges from 0 (low resiliency) to 40 (highly resilient).
| Scores on scale | Applied Suicide Intervention Skills Training (ASIST) | Resilience Retreat |
|---|---|---|
| Pre-training | 21.78 ± 1.38 | 28.71 ± 1.49 |
| 6 month follow-up | 23.68 ± 1.21 | 27.82 ± 1.31 |
Number of people who endorsed having thought about suicide in their lifetime as measured at baseline
| participants | Applied Suicide Intervention Skills Training (ASIST) | Resilience Retreat |
|---|---|---|
| Lifetime Suicidal Ideation at Baseline | 14 | 14 |
Number of people who endorsed having made a suicide attempt in their lifetime as measured at baseline
| participants | Applied Suicide Intervention Skills Training (ASIST) | Resilience Retreat |
|---|---|---|
| Lifetime Suicide Attempt at Baseline | 6 | 6 |
Number of people who endorsed having thought about suicide in the past 2 days as measured at baseline (not at all vs a little to a lot)
| participants | Applied Suicide Intervention Skills Training (ASIST) | Resilience Retreat |
|---|---|---|
| Not at all | 29 | 22 |
| A little to a lot | 2 | 2 |
Number of people who endorsed having thought about suicide in the past 2 days as measured immediately post training (not at all vs a little to a lot)
| participants | Applied Suicide Intervention Skills Training (ASIST) | Resilience Retreat |
|---|---|---|
| Not at all | 23 | 21 |
| A little to a lot | 2 | 2 |
Number of people who endorsed having thought about suicide since the training as measured at 6 month follow-up (not at all vs a little to a lot)
| participants | Applied Suicide Intervention Skills Training (ASIST) | Resilience Retreat |
|---|---|---|
| Not at all | 21 | 21 |
| A little to a lot | 7 | 1 |
Number of people who endorsed having made a suicide attempt since the training as measured at 6 month follow-up
| participants | Applied Suicide Intervention Skills Training (ASIST) | Resilience Retreat |
|---|---|---|
| Attempted Suicide Since Training at 6 mo Follow-up | 0 | 0 |
Number of participants who have asked someone that they thought was at risk about suicidal thoughts since the training, measured at 6 month follow-up assessment.
| participants | Applied Suicide Intervention Skills Training (ASIST) | Resilience Retreat |
|---|---|---|
| Gatekeeper Behaviors - Asked Person at Risk About Suicidal Thoughts | 3 | 6 |
Number of participants who did not ask someone about their suicidal thoughts even though they thought they were at risk, measured at 6 month follow-up assessment based on time since training.
| participants | Applied Suicide Intervention Skills Training (ASIST) | Resilience Retreat |
|---|---|---|
| Gatekeeper Behaviours - Did Not Ask Person at Risk | 9 | 9 |
Collected over From baseline time point to 6 months.. Non-serious events are listed at a 0% frequency threshold.
| Group | Deaths | Serious | Other |
|---|---|---|---|
| Applied Suicide Intervention Skills Training (ASIST) | — | 0/31 (0%) | 0/31 (0%) |
| Resilience Retreat | — | 0/24 (0%) | 0/24 (0%) |
The number of baseline participants reflects the number of participants that showed up on the day of training, as that was our first point of contact and the time point at which the baseline questionnaire was given. This is different than the number of people that we invited to participate in the study.
| Age, Customized(participants) | Applied Suicide Intervention Skills Training (ASIST) | Resilience Retreat | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| 16-21 | 15 | 9 | 24 |
| 22-44 | 8 | 10 | 18 |
| 45+ | 8 | 4 | 12 |
| Missing | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Sex: Female, Male(Participants) | Applied Suicide Intervention Skills Training (ASIST) | Resilience Retreat | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Female | 21 | 12 | 33 |
| Male | 10 | 12 | 22 |
| Marital status(participants) | Applied Suicide Intervention Skills Training (ASIST) | Resilience Retreat | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Never married | 12 | 14 | 26 |
| Widowed/separated/divorced | 4 | 3 | 7 |
| Married/common-law | 11 | 7 | 18 |
| Missing | 4 | 0 | 4 |
| Educational attainment(participants) | Applied Suicide Intervention Skills Training (ASIST) | Resilience Retreat | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Grade 9 or lower | 19 | 3 | 22 |
| Grade 10 or higher | 12 | 21 | 33 |
| Language spoken most often(participants) | Applied Suicide Intervention Skills Training (ASIST) | Resilience Retreat | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| English | 20 | 20 | 40 |
| Cree | 9 | 4 | 13 |
| Missing | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| Current work status(participants) | Applied Suicide Intervention Skills Training (ASIST) | Resilience Retreat | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Working full- or part-time | 6 | 8 | 14 |
| Unemployed/social assistance | 14 | 11 | 25 |
| Retired/at home full-time/student | 11 | 5 | 16 |
| Know someone who died by suicide(participants) | Applied Suicide Intervention Skills Training (ASIST) | Resilience Retreat | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Yes | 28 | 21 | 49 |
| No | 3 | 3 | 6 |
| When most recent suicide death(participants) | Applied Suicide Intervention Skills Training (ASIST) | Resilience Retreat | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| More than 1 year ago | 18 | 10 | 28 |
| Within the last year | 3 | 8 | 11 |
| Within the last 6 months | 5 | 3 | 8 |
| Within the last 1 month | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Missing | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| Did not know someone who died by suicide | 3 | 3 | 6 |
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University of Manitoba