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TerminatedNCT01287013Updated Jan 5, 2018Results posted

Comparing Xperguide vs. Conventional Methods During Percutaneous Image Guided Procedures

An interventional study of Cone-beam computed tomography (CT) and Conventional Computed Tomography (CT) in Infection, Cancer and Neoplasm, sponsored by National Institutes of Health Clinical Center (CC). Terminated at 1 site in United States. Open to participants aged 18 Years to 100 Years. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2018-01-05.

Sponsored by National Institutes of Health Clinical Center (CC) · Not applicable, Interventional, and Diagnostic

Why this study was terminated
Investigator left NIH
Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
87
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
18 Years to 100 Years
Sex
All
01

Study summary

Background:

  • Procedures that use medical tools in or near a possible abnormality in the body often use computed tomography (CT) scans to locate the abnormality and guide the path that a needle will take to collect a sample of tissue. Xperguide and electromagnetic (EM) tracking are two new procedures being studied to help guide the needle. Xperguide is software that uses CT images to help the doctor choose the needle path. EM tracking uses special medical tools with miniature coils that act like a Global Positioning Satellite (GPS) device to show the location of the needle in the body. Xperguide and EM tracking have been used in humans and have good results, but they have not been compared with each other and regular CT to determine whether they are better than the standard approach.

Objectives:

  • To compare the results of Xperguide, electromagnetic tracking, and regular computed tomography during a guided percutaneous procedure.

Eligibility:

  • Individuals at least 18 years of age who are required to have a CT-guided percutaneous procedure.

Design:

  • Participants will be screened with a physical examination and medical history, and the results of any previous imaging studies will be examined before study enrollment.
  • After a pilot phase, the study will involve two phases to compare the results of the different procedures. The first phase will involve comparing Xperguide to CT, and the second will involve comparing Xperguide to EM tracking.
  • Phase 1 participants will be assigned to one of two procedure groups: Group 1 will have Xperguide, and Group 2 will have regular CT. Participants who are scheduled to have repeated procedures (like a biopsy before and after chemotherapy) will be randomized for the first procedure and the second procedure will be done using the other method.
  • Phase 2 participants will be assigned to one of two procedure groups: Group 1 will have Xperguide, and Group 2 will have EM tracking. Participants who are scheduled to have repeated procedures (like a biopsy before and after chemotherapy) will be randomized for the first procedure and the second procedure will be done using the other method.
  • Standard post-procedure followup care will be given after the study procedure is completed.
Read the detailed description

PR(SqrRoot) CIS

This is a phase II prospective randomized trial comparing a novel navigation method, Xperguide to conventional CT and electromagnetic tracking (EM) during percutaneous image guided procedures. Xperguide is a navigation tool that utilizes a cone beam CT (CBCT) obtained in the angiography suite overlaid on fluoroscopy for needle guidance during image guided procedures. The needle entry point and path are planned on the CBCT and the determined path is overlaid on fluoroscopy image for real time guidance.

SPECIFIC AIMS/OBJECTIVES

  1. The primary aims are:

    a. Pilot trial:

    i. To familiarize operators with outcome measures allowing for fair comparison in the subsequent study

    b. Main trial will have 2 phases with similar outcomes criteria and aims (below):

    i. comparing Xperguide to conventional imaging (superiority design):

ii. comparing Xperguide to EM tracking (equivalence design):

  1. To compare the accuracy of final device tip position and path (vector)
  2. To compare the number of repositioning maneuvers
  3. To compare the radiation dose
  4. To compare rates of definitive pathological diagnosis and response rate per EASL criteria for ablations

METHODS/METHODOLOGY

For non-vascular image guided interventions, patients undergoing biopsies and ablations procedures requiring CT guidance are eligible for inclusion and randomization. An initial pilot study will be done in which each operator will perform at least 5 cases using Xperguide completing the case report forms. This will ensure experience with outcome measures and fair comparison in the subsequent study. Once one of the operators reaches the minimal required cases, the main trial will begin for that operator. However every other operator must each complete the minimal number of cases with the case report forms to enroll patients in the main trial. Initially, we will compare Xperguide with conventional CT with several cohorts of patients mainly: lung biopsies, and ablations, kidney biopsies/ablations and other abdominal biopsies/ ablations. In ablations of large lesions, Xperguide composite ablation software can provide input on the expected ablation zones. Each probe will be positioned in the same manner as any biopsy needle following steps described in section 4. If this specific composite ablation module of the

software is not commercially released and FDA cleared at the time of the study, then this software will only be used on protocol to help the physician determine ideal needle positioning for complete ablation. Once consent is obtained the participant is randomized to either conventional imaging or Xperguide. In addition, if it is known that the patient is participating in a trial which requires a repeat (paired, pre and post treatment) procedure of the same site, then the randomization will determine which modality is used for guidance at the first visit and the other modality will automatically be used for the second procedure. In these cases, if the patient gives consent they will be randomized to one of two categories:

  1. Xperguide for the initial procedure and conventional CT for the 2nd procedure
  2. Conventional CT for the initial procedure and Xperguide for the 2nd procedure

Then in the second phase of the trial, Xperguide will be compared to EM tracking for biopsies and ablations requiring CT guidance, in an equivalence study. Once consent is obtained, the participant will be randomized into EM tracking or Xperguide. The patients would be divided into different cohorts depending on the anatomic site of the interventions i.e. lung, kidney, liver and other abdomen. If the patients are participating in a trial requiring paired procedures (i.e. pre and post treatment), the randomization will determine which modality is used for the initial procedure and the other modality will be used for the second procedure. In summary there will be two potential categories:

  1. EM tracking for the initial procedure and Xperguide for the 2nd procedure
  2. Xperguide for the initial procedure and EM tracking for the 2nd procedure

If a patient has a lesion that is only visible on PET-CT/MR, or demonstrates heterogenous PET-CT/MR uptake, there will be a separate cohort of PET-CT/MR guided biopsies and ablations using Xperguide vs EM tracking. There is also the need for a cohort for ablations with complimentary use of ultrasound at the discretion of the operator in order to conform to our standard of care at the NIH.

ELIGIBILITY

Subjects are eligible if:

  1. they are over 18 years of age
  2. they are scheduled for image guided procedure
  3. the lesion is not superficial (deeper than 3cm)

Subjects are excluded if:

  1. they have an altered mental status that precludes understanding or consenting for the procedure
  2. they are unable to hold reasonably still on a procedure table for the length of the procedure
  3. they are unable to hold their breath if the procedure will be performed with conscious sedation and without general anesthesia
  4. their gross body weight is over 375 pounds which the upper limit of the CT and

angiography tables

REQUIRED SAMPLE SIZE

A pilot study will be performed to ensure operator experience with Xperguide and EM tracking, for fair comparison. In the pilot study each operator must perform 5 cases with Xperguide completing the case report forms. There are 5 potential operators therefore a maximum of 25 patients (if all 5 operators participate to the fullest).

The first phase of the main trial comparing Xperguide with conventional CT was powered (for sample size) with a standard superiority design aimed to statistically establish that Xperguide is better than conventional CT (defined as requiring fewer needle repositioning efforts). These calculations yield a total sample size of 60 patients with 20 patients per anatomical site.

For the second phase of the trial comparing Xperguide to EM tracking, a two sided equivalence design (based on accuracy and number of needle repositioning) was used for sample size considerations, and yielded 192 patients. Therefore 16 patients per modality per anatomical site will be randomized with two additional cohorts for PET-CT/MR procedures and composite ablations.

Number of Participants: 277

Recruitment Time Frame: 4 years

Number of sites: 1

Type of Study: prospective randomized clinical trial after an initial pilot period

02

Conditions studied

  • Infection
  • Cancer
  • Neoplasm
  • Empyema
  • Granuloma

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Keywords

  • Image Guided Procedures
  • Xperguide CT
  • Electromagnetic Tracking
  • Navigation
  • Image Guided Procedure
  • Cancer
  • Granuloma
03

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years to 100 Years
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Inclusion criteria

  1. they are over 18 years of age

    1. they are scheduled for image guided procedure
    2. the lesion is not superficial (deeper than 3 cm)

Exclusion criteria

EXCLUSION CRITERIA:

  1. patients with an altered mental status that precludes understanding or consenting for the procedure
  2. patients unable to hold reasonably still on a procedure table for the length of the procedure
  3. patient unable to hold their breath if the procedure will be performed with conscious sedation and without general anesthesia
  4. patient with a gross body weight over 375 pounds (upper limit of the CT and angiography tables)
04

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Diagnostic
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
None (open label)
Enrollment
87 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Other
    Cone Beam CT

    Procedure performed with Xperguide cone-beam Computed Tomography (CT) navigation

    Device: Cone-beam computed tomography (CT)

  • Other
    Conventional CT

    Procedure performed with Conventional Computed Tomography (CT) image guidance

    Device: Conventional Computed Tomography (CT)

Interventions

  • DeviceCone-beam computed tomography (CT)

    Imaging

    Also known as: XperCT (Philips, Best), XperGuide CT

  • DeviceConventional Computed Tomography (CT)

    Imaging

    Also known as: Conventional CT (Philips)

05

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Comparing the Accuracy of Final Device Tip Position

    To compare the accuracy of the biopsy needle between the software guidance and conventional CT. The accuracy of the needle position was calculated in millimeters by using the difference between the x,y,z coordinates of the tip of the actual needle before specimen collection. Actual and planned needle paths were compared using coordinates and measured in millimeters.

    Time frame: 1 hour

  2. Accuracy of Final Device Path (Vector)

    Comparing the accuracy of the path the biopsy needle took to get to the site

    Time frame: 1 hour

  3. Radiation Doses Between Xperguide and Conventional CT

    Comparing radiation doses to determine if there is a change in the dose between the two interventions

    Time frame: 1 hour

Secondary outcomes

  1. Compare the Number of Repositioning Maneuvers

    To compare the number of times the needle must be repositioned during the guidance of the needle to the biopsy.

    Time frame: 1 hour

  2. Rates of Definitive Pathologic Diagnosis

    Definitive pathologic diagnosis was defined as an adequate specimen as judged by the pathologist and a diagnosis confirmed by surgery or clinical follow-up.

    Time frame: 1 hour

06

Results

Posted Jan 5, 2018

Participant flow

Recruitment period = 2/4/2011 - 5/15/2014 Recruitment location = Interventional Radiology Clinic, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, NIH

Participant flow — Overall Study
MilestoneCone Beam CTConventional CTPILOT
Started323421
Completed29290
Not completed3521
Withdrew: Non-evaluable3521

Outcome measures

PrimaryComparing the Accuracy of Final Device Tip Position

To compare the accuracy of the biopsy needle between the software guidance and conventional CT. The accuracy of the needle position was calculated in millimeters by using the difference between the x,y,z coordinates of the tip of the actual needle before specimen collection. Actual and planned needle paths were compared using coordinates and measured in millimeters.

Time frame:
1 hour
Reported as:
Mean · mm
Comparing the Accuracy of Final Device Tip Position
mmCone Beam CTConventional CT
Comparing the Accuracy of Final Device Tip Position4.9 ± 4.112.2 ± 8.1
Statistical analysis
  • Cone Beam CT vs Conventional CT · Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney) · p = <0.001
PrimaryAccuracy of Final Device Path (Vector)

Comparing the accuracy of the path the biopsy needle took to get to the site

Time frame:
1 hour
Reported as:
Mean · mm
Accuracy of Final Device Path (Vector)
mmCone Beam CTConvetional CT
Accuracy of Final Device Path (Vector)8.8 ± 5.428.3 ± 20.5
Statistical analysis
  • Cone Beam CT vs Convetional CT · Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney) · p = <0.001
PrimaryRadiation Doses Between Xperguide and Conventional CT

Comparing radiation doses to determine if there is a change in the dose between the two interventions

Time frame:
1 hour
Reported as:
Mean · mGy
Radiation Doses Between Xperguide and Conventional CT
mGyCone Beam CTConventional CT
Radiation Doses Between Xperguide and Conventional CT53.3 ± 33.375.4 ± 62.6
Statistical analysis
  • Cone Beam CT vs Conventional CT · t-test, 2 sided · p = <0.04
SecondaryCompare the Number of Repositioning Maneuvers

To compare the number of times the needle must be repositioned during the guidance of the needle to the biopsy.

Time frame:
1 hour
Reported as:
Mean · number of repositioning maneuvers
Compare the Number of Repositioning Maneuvers
number of repositioning maneuversCone Beam CTConventional CT
Compare the Number of Repositioning Maneuvers0.3 ± 0.51.9 ± 2.3
Statistical analysis
  • Cone Beam CT vs Conventional CT · t-test, 2 sided · p = <0.001
SecondaryRates of Definitive Pathologic Diagnosis

Definitive pathologic diagnosis was defined as an adequate specimen as judged by the pathologist and a diagnosis confirmed by surgery or clinical follow-up.

Time frame:
1 hour
Reported as:
Number · percent of accuracy
Rates of Definitive Pathologic Diagnosis
percent of accuracyCone Beam CTConventional CT
Rates of Definitive Pathologic Diagnosis93.990.9
Statistical analysis
  • Cone Beam CT vs Conventional CT · t-test, 2 sided · p = =0.67

Adverse events

Collected over 1 day. Non-serious events are listed at a 0% frequency threshold.

Adverse event summary by group
GroupDeathsSeriousOther
Cone Beam CT0/29 (0%)0/29 (0%)0/29 (0%)
Conventional CT0/29 (0%)1/29 (3.4%)0/29 (0%)
Pilot Arm0/21 (0%)0/21 (0%)0/21 (0%)
Most frequent serious events
Most frequent serious events
EventCone Beam CTConventional CTPilot Arm
PneumothoraxRespiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders0/291/290/21

Baseline characteristics

Age, Categorical
Age, Categorical(Participants)Cone Beam CTConventional CTPILOTTotal
<=18 years0011
Between 18 and 65 years2525858
>=65 years791228
Sex: Female, Male
Sex: Female, Male(Participants)Cone Beam CTConventional CTPILOTTotal
Female188430
Male14261757
07

Study locations

1 site
  • National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, 9000 Rockville Pike
    Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
08

References and documents

Publications

  • Carrafiello G, Mangini M, De Bernardi I, Fontana F, Dionigi G, Cuffari S, Imperatori A, Lagana D, Fugazzola C. Microwave ablation therapy for treating primary and secondary lung tumours: technical note. Radiol Med. 2010 Sep;115(6):962-74. doi: 10.1007/s11547-010-0547-7. Epub 2010 Mar 29. English, Italian. PubMed 20352357 ↗
  • Racadio JM, Babic D, Homan R, Rampton JW, Patel MN, Racadio JM, Johnson ND. Live 3D guidance in the interventional radiology suite. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2007 Dec;189(6):W357-64. doi: 10.2214/AJR.07.2469. PubMed 18029850 ↗
  • Spelle L, Ruijters D, Babic D, Homan R, Mielekamp P, Guillermic J, Moret J. First clinical experience in applying XperGuide in embolization of jugular paragangliomas by direct intratumoral puncture. Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg. 2009 Nov;4(6):527-33. doi: 10.1007/s11548-009-0370-6. Epub 2009 Jun 13. PubMed 20033329 ↗
  • Abi-Jaoudeh N, Fisher T, Jacobus J, Skopec M, Radaelli A, Van Der Bom IM, Wesley R, Wood BJ. Prospective Randomized Trial for Image-Guided Biopsy Using Cone-Beam CT Navigation Compared with Conventional CT. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2016 Sep;27(9):1342-1349. doi: 10.1016/j.jvir.2016.05.034. Epub 2016 Jul 25. PubMed 27461586 ↗

Individual participant data

Plan to share: No

09

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT01287013
Lead sponsor
National Institutes of Health Clinical Center (CC)
Responsible party
Sponsor
First posted
Feb 1, 2011
Start date
Jan 2011
Primary completion
Aug 2015
Completion
Aug 2015
Results posted
Jan 5, 2018
Last update
Jan 5, 2018

Study contacts

Bradford Wood, M.D.
principal investigator · National Institutes of Health Clinical Center (CC)

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
Yes
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
Yes
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