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CompletedNCT01259921Updated Aug 15, 2019

EEG Biofeedback in the Treatment of Chronic Treatment-Resistant PTSD

An interventional study of neurofeedback in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, sponsored by Justice Resource Institute. Completed at 1 site in United States. Open to participants aged 18 Years to 80 Years. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2019-08-15.

Sponsored by Justice Resource Institute · Not applicable, Interventional, and Treatment

Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
52
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
18 Years to 80 Years
Sex
All
01

Study summary

The purpose of this study is to determine whether neurofeedback (NF) training can significantly reduce the symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in individuals with significant affect dysregulation and chronic, treatment-resistant PTSD. The primary aims of this study include:

  1. To examine whether NF has the potential to significantly reduce symptoms of PTSD.
  2. To examine whether NF training can specifically target the area of affect regulation.
  3. To examine the mechanism of NF through elucidating the relationship between affect regulation and PTSD symptom change.
Read the detailed description

Deficits in affect regulation are associated with a high rate of treatment failure to well-established evidence-based treatments for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), and deficits in this domain are most frequently found in individuals with chronic treatment-resistant PTSD. Aside from one psychological treatment intervention for adult female survivors of child sexual abuse, no published study has targeted improving affect regulation in treatment refractory PTSD. The aim of this study is to test and refine EEG neurofeedback (NF) as an effective treatment for PTSD associated with high levels of affect dysregulation. We believe improved affect regulation will lead to an overall improvement in functioning by addressing deficits in executive functioning in PTSD.

Primary Aim: The primary goal of the research is to refine and evaluate NF training for adults with treatment-resistant PTSD, specifically targeting the domain of affect regulation. We will evaluate the following questions:

  1. Will NF decrease chronic PTSD symptoms in a treatment-resistant sample of adults with childhood onset PTSD, as measured with the CAPS and the DTS? Hypothesis 1: Subjects in the active treatment condition will show significantly greater decreases on the CAPS and DTS than subjects in the placebo condition.
  2. Will NF improve affect regulation, as measured by the IASC? Hypothesis 2: Subjects in the active treatment condition will show significantly greater improvement on the affect dysregulation subscale of the IASC than individuals in the placebo condition.
  3. Will affect regulation, as measured by the IASC, mediate the relationship of NF training and PTSD, as measured with the DTS? Hypothesis 3: The affect dysregulation subscale of the IASC will significantly mediate the relationship between NF and DTS scores while DTS scores will not significantly mediate affect dysregulation.
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Conditions studied

  • Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Keywords

  • EEG biofeedback
  • neurofeedback
  • PTSD
  • Affect Regulation
  • Chronic Trauma
03

In context

Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic

2,239 studies on the registry are indexed under Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic; 554 are open to participants now.

This study's enrollment of 52 is below the median of 70 across 1,858 interventional studies indexed under Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic.

Browse Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic studies →

Lead sponsor

Justice Resource Institute is the lead sponsor of 4 studies on the registry; none are open to participants now.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years to 80 Years
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Inclusion criteria

  • CAPS score of 60 or over
  • t-score of 70 or over on the affect dysregulation subscale of the IASC; AND
  • Treatment-unresponsiveness as defined by having had at least 3 years of prior treatment focused on dealing with the consequences of the index trauma, or having been in treatment with more than three providers during the preceding decade

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Serious non-stable medical illness
  • GAF \< 40
  • Bipolar disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), schizophrenia, and other psychotic disorder, or documented organic impairment
  • Active suicidal risk, self-injury or physical aggression toward others within the past year
  • Substance dependence or abuse in the past 6 months, as defined by DSM IV criteria
  • Individuals taking a benzodiazepine more than twice per week (non-response seen in pilot work) AND
  • Any other condition that might interfere with the person's capacity to give informed consent, or to adhere to the study protocol
05

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
Single (Outcomes assessor)
Enrollment
52 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    Neurofeedback T4-P4

    40 sessions of SMR neurofeedback training using T4-P4 placement administered twice weekly

    Behavioral: neurofeedback

  • Active comparator
    Neurofeedback T3-T4

    40 sessions of SMR neurofeedback using T3-T4 placement training administered twice weekly

    Behavioral: neurofeedback

Interventions

  • Behavioralneurofeedback

    Operant conditioning of the EEG provided by computer reinforcement.

    Also known as: EEG Spectrum International, Thought Technologies, ProComp 2

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What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Change in Clinician Administered PTSD Scale Score

    The CAPS is considered the gold standard for the assessment of PTSD (National Center for PTSD Research). It is a clinician administered 30-item interview that corresponds to DSM-IV criteria for PTSD. Each item of the CAPS has two parts, frequency and intensity, which are both scored on a 5-point scale from 0 to 4. A general cut-off rule of frequency greater than or equal to 1 and intensity greater than or equal to 2 for a symptom to count towards diagnosis will be employed in assigning PTSD diagnosis.

    Time frame: Participants are assessed at baseline (prior to beginning training), post-treatment (corresponding to 20 weeks), and at follow-up (1 year post treatment)

Secondary outcomes

  1. Change in Davidson Trauma Scale Score

    This is a well validated self-report measure of PTSD with clinical reference norms for adults.

    Time frame: Participants are assessed at baseline (prior to beginning training), every 4 weeks (corresponding to 8 sessions of training), post-treatment (corresponding to 20 weeks), and at follow-up (1 year post treatment)

  2. Change in Inventory of Altered Self-Capacities Score

    The IASC is a 63-item standardized measure of disturbed functioning in relation to self and others. The IASC measures seven domains of functioning: Interpersonal Conflicts, Idealization-Disillusionment, Abandonment Concerns, Identity Impairment, Susceptibility to Influence, Affect Dysregulation, and Tension Reduction Activities.

    Time frame: Participants are assessed at baseline (prior to beginning training), every 4 weeks (corresponding to 8 sessions of training), post-treatment (corresponding to 20 weeks), and at follow-up (1 year post treatment)

07

Study locations

1 site
  • the Trauma Center at JRI
    Brookline, Massachusetts 02446, United States
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References and documents

Publications

  • Gapen M, van der Kolk BA, Hamlin E, Hirshberg L, Suvak M, Spinazzola J. A Pilot Study of Neurofeedback for Chronic PTSD. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback. 2016 Sep;41(3):251-61. doi: 10.1007/s10484-015-9326-5. PubMed 26782083 ↗
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Updates

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Aug 15, 2019, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
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Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT01259921
Lead sponsor
Justice Resource Institute
Responsible party
Sponsor
First posted
Dec 14, 2010
Start date
Dec 2009
Primary completion
Dec 2012
Completion
Dec 2012
Last update
Aug 15, 2019

Study contacts

Bessel van der Kolk, M.D.
principal investigator · Justice Resource Institute
Mark Gapen, Ph.D.
study director · Justice Resource Institute

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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This study is completed, as verified in Jun 2011. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

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