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CompletedNCT01032057SCALOPUpdated Oct 26, 2018

Gemcitabine, Capecitabine, and Radiation Therapy in Treating Patients With Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer That Cannot Be Removed by Surgery

A Phase 2 interventional study of capecitabine and gemcitabine hydrochloride in Pancreatic Cancer, sponsored by Lisette Nixon. Completed at 26 sites in United Kingdom. Open to participants aged 18 Years to 120 Years. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2018-10-26.

Sponsored by Lisette Nixon · Phase 2, Interventional, and Treatment

Phase
Phase 2
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
114
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
18 Years to 120 Years
Sex
All
01

Study summary

RATIONALE: Drugs used in chemotherapy, such as gemcitabine and capecitabine, work in different ways to stop the growth of tumor cells, either by killing the cells or by stopping them from dividing. Radiation therapy uses high-energy x-rays to kill tumor cells. Giving radiation therapy that uses a 3-dimensional image of the tumor to help focus thin beams of radiation directly on the tumor, and giving radiation therapy in higher doses over a shorter period of time, may kill more tumor cells and have fewer side effects. It is not yet known which regimen of chemotherapy given together with radiation therapy is more effective in treating pancreatic cancer.

PURPOSE: This randomized phase II trial is comparing the side effects of two regimens of gemcitabine and capecitabine given together with radiation therapy and to see how well they work in treating patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer that cannot be removed by surgery.

Read the detailed description

OBJECTIVES:

  • To evaluate the activity, safety, and feasibility of induction chemotherapy comprising gemcitabine and capecitabine followed by two different schedules of chemoradiotherapy comprising gemcitabine or capecitabine and radiotherapy in patients with locally advanced, nonmetastatic, unresectable pancreatic cancer.
  • To determine which of the two experimental arms gives the highest generic and disease-specific aspects of health-related quality of life (HRQL) following treatment.
  • To determine how HRQL varies during treatment and follow up in both arms.

OUTLINE: This is a multicenter study.

All patients receive a first induction therapy comprising gemcitabine IV on days 1, 8, and 15 and oral capecitabine twice daily on days 1-21. Treatment repeats every 28 days for 3 courses in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Following the first induction therapy, patients with a WHO performance status of 0-1 who are responding or have stable disease that can be encompassed within a radically treatable radiotherapy volume are randomized to 1 of 2 treatment arms.

  • Arm I:

    • Second induction therapy (weeks 13-16): Patients receive gemcitabine IV once daily on days 1, 8, and 15 and oral capecitabine twice daily on days 1-21.
    • Chemoradiotherapy (weeks 17-22): Patients receive gemcitabine IV once weekly on day 1 and undergo conformal radiotherapy 5 days a week for 5.5 weeks.
  • Arm II:

    • Second induction therapy (weeks 13-16): Patients receive gemcitabine IV once daily on days 1, 8, and 15 and oral capecitabine twice daily on days 1-21.
    • Chemoradiotherapy (weeks 17-22): Patients receive oral capecitabine twice daily on days 1-5 and undergo conformal radiotherapy 5 days a week for 5.5 weeks.

Patients complete quality-of-life questionnaires QLQ-C30 and PAN26 at baseline and at 17, 23, 26, 39, and 52 weeks.

After completion of study treatment, patients are followed every 3 months.

02

Conditions studied

  • Pancreatic Cancer

Keywords

  • adenocarcinoma of the pancreas
  • stage II pancreatic cancer
  • stage III pancreatic cancer
03

In context

Pancreatic Neoplasms

3,235 studies on the registry are indexed under Pancreatic Neoplasms; 899 are open to participants now.

This study's enrollment of 114 is above the median of 46 across 2,424 interventional studies indexed under Pancreatic Neoplasms.

Browse Pancreatic Neoplasms studies →

Lead sponsor

Lisette Nixon is the lead sponsor of 8 studies on the registry; none are open to participants now.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years to 120 Years
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Eligibility criteria

DISEASE CHARACTERISTICS:

  • Histologically or cytologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of the pancreas

    • Locally advanced, nonmetastatic, inoperable, or operable (but medically unfit for surgery) disease

      • Palliative bypass procedure allowed
      • Common bile duct stenting allowed
  • Primary pancreatic lesion ≤ 7 cm in diameter as measured by CT scan of the thorax and abdomen within 4 weeks prior to registration
  • No recurrent cancer following definitive pancreatic surgery

PATIENT CHARACTERISTICS:

  • WHO performance status (PS) 0-2
  • Neutrophil count ≥ 1.5 x 10\^9/L
  • Platelet count ≥ 100 x 10\^9/L
  • Hemoglobin ≥ 10 g/dL
  • Serum bilirubin \< 35 μmol/L (50 μmol/L allowed for patients who have had a recent biliary drain and whose bilirubin is descending)
  • AST/ALT ≤ 2.5 times upper limit of normal (ULN)
  • Alkaline phosphatase ≤ 5 times ULN
  • GFR > 50 mL/min
  • Not pregnant or nursing
  • Negative pregnancy test
  • Fertile patients must use effective contraception during and for 12 weeks after completion of study therapy
  • No evidence of severe uncontrolled systemic diseases including uncontrolled coronary artery disease
  • No myocardial infarction or stroke within the past 6 months
  • No prior malignancies within the past 5 years except for carcinoma in situ of the cervix, adequately treated basal cell skin carcinoma, or any early-stage malignancy
  • No suspected DPD deficiency
  • No renal abnormalities (e.g., adult polycystic kidney disease, hydronephrosis, or ipsilateral single kidney)
  • Must meet the following additional criteria for randomization:

    • WHO PS 0-1
    • Loss of weight no greater than 10% of that at baseline

PRIOR CONCURRENT THERAPY:

  • See Disease Characteristics
  • At least 4 weeks since prior and no concurrent sorivudine or analogues
  • No prior radiotherapy to the upper abdomen
  • No concurrent methotrexate
  • No concurrent allopurinol
05

Study design

Phase
Phase 2
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
None (open label)
Enrollment
114 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Active comparator
    Gemcitabine

    GEMCAP induction chemotherapy (28 day cycle of IV gemcitabine 1000mg/m2 day 1, 8,15 and capecitabine 830mg/m2 bd for 21 days po) followed by gemcitabine 300mg/m2 weekly (IV) + 50.4Gy radiation over five and half weeks (1.8Gy per fraction, Monday-Friday)

    Drug: capecitabine · Drug: gemcitabine hydrochloride · Procedure: quality-of-life assessment · Radiation: 3-dimensional conformal radiation therapy

  • Active comparator
    chemoradiotherpay with capecitabine

    GEMCAP induction chemotherapy (28 day cycle of IV gemcitabine 1000mg/m2 day 1, 8,15 and capecitabine 830mg/m2 bd for 21 days po), followed by capecitabine 830mg/m2 bd (po, Mon-Fri) + 50.4Gy radiation over five and half weeks (1.8Gy per fraction, Monday-Friday)

    Drug: capecitabine · Drug: gemcitabine hydrochloride · Procedure: quality-of-life assessment · Radiation: 3-dimensional conformal radiation therapy

Interventions

  • Drugcapecitabine
  • Druggemcitabine hydrochloride
  • Procedurequality-of-life assessment
  • Radiation3-dimensional conformal radiation therapy
06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Progression-free survival at 39 weeks (from registration) according to RECIST criteria

    Time frame: Assessed 39 weeks from registration

Secondary outcomes

  1. Toxicity according to NCI CTCAE v.3.0

    Time frame: Assessed throughout trial treatment and follow-up

  2. Quality of life as measured by questionnaires QLQ-C30 and PAN26 at baseline and at 17, 23, 26, 39, and 52 weeks

    Time frame: Assessed throughout trial treatment and follow-up

  3. Overall survival at 52 weeks and time from registration to death by any cause

    Time frame: Assessed 52 weeks post registration and during NHS flagging

  4. Objective disease response according to RECIST criteria

    Time frame: 39 weeks post registration

  5. Progression-free survival (time to event) according to RECIST criteria

    Time frame: Assessed during NHS flagging at the end of the trial

  6. Radiotherapy quality assurance (adherence to protocol)

    Time frame: Upon completion of the trial

07

Study locations

26 sites
  • Queen Elizabeth Hospital at University Hospital of Birmingham NHS Trust
    Birmingham, England B15 2TH, United Kingdom
  • Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre
    Bristol, England BS2 8ED, United Kingdom
  • Addenbrooke's Hospital
    Cambridge, England CB2 2QQ, United Kingdom
  • Queen Alexandra Hospital
    Cosham, England PO6 3LY, United Kingdom
  • Castle Hill Hospital
    Cottingham, England HU16 5JQ, United Kingdom
  • Diana Princess of Wales Hospital
    Grimsby, England DN33 2BA, United Kingdom
  • St. Luke's Cancer Centre at Royal Surrey County Hospital
    Guildford, England GU2 7XX, United Kingdom
  • Leeds Cancer Centre at St. James's University Hospital
    Leeds, England LS9 7TF, United Kingdom
  • Leicester Royal Infirmary
    Leicester, England LE1 5WW, United Kingdom
  • Helen Rollason Cancer Care Centre at North Middlesex Hospital
    London, England N18 1QX, United Kingdom
  • Royal Free Hospital
    London, England NW3 2QG, United Kingdom
  • Hammersmith Hospital
    London, England W12 OHS, United Kingdom
  • Northampton General Hospital
    Northampton, England NN1 5BD, United Kingdom
  • Scarborough General Hospital
    Scarborough, England YO12 6QL, United Kingdom
  • Cancer Research Centre at Weston Park Hospital
    Sheffield, England S10 2SJ, United Kingdom
  • Southampton General Hospital
    Southampton, England SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
  • Musgrove Park Hospital
    Taunton, England TA1 5DA, United Kingdom
  • Ninewells Hospital
    Dundee, Scotland DD1 9SY, United Kingdom
  • Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre
    Glasgow, Scotland G12 0YN, United Kingdom
  • Raigmore Hospital
    Inverness, Scotland 1V2 3UJ, United Kingdom
  • Perth Royal Infirmary
    Perth, Scotland PH1 1NX, United Kingdom
  • Ysbyty Gwynedd
    Bangor, Wales LL57 2PW, United Kingdom
  • Velindre Cancer Center at Velindre Hospital
    Cardiff, Wales CF14 2TL, United Kingdom
  • Glan Clwyd Hospital
    Rhyl, Denbighshire, Wales LL 18 5UJ, United Kingdom
  • Wrexham Maelor Hospital
    Wrexham, Wales LL13 7TD, United Kingdom
  • Edith Cavell Hospital
    Peterborough, PE3 9EZ, United Kingdom
08

References and documents

Publications

  • Mukherjee S, Hurt CN, Bridgewater J, Falk S, Cummins S, Wasan H, Crosby T, Jephcott C, Roy R, Radhakrishna G, McDonald A, Ray R, Joseph G, Staffurth J, Abrams RA, Griffiths G, Maughan T. Gemcitabine-based or capecitabine-based chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced pancreatic cancer (SCALOP): a multicentre, randomised, phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2013 Apr;14(4):317-26. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(13)70021-4. Epub 2013 Mar 6. PubMed 23474363 ↗
  • Fokas E, Spezi E, Patel N, Hurt C, Nixon L, Chu KY, Staffurth J, Abrams R, Mukherjee S. Comparison of investigator-delineated gross tumour volumes and quality assurance in pancreatic cancer: Analysis of the on-trial cases for the SCALOP trial. Radiother Oncol. 2016 Aug;120(2):212-6. doi: 10.1016/j.radonc.2016.07.002. Epub 2016 Aug 3. PubMed 27497804 ↗
  • Fokas E, Clifford C, Spezi E, Joseph G, Branagan J, Hurt C, Nixon L, Abrams R, Staffurth J, Mukherjee S. Comparison of investigator-delineated gross tumor volumes and quality assurance in pancreatic cancer: Analysis of the pretrial benchmark case for the SCALOP trial. Radiother Oncol. 2015 Dec;117(3):432-7. doi: 10.1016/j.radonc.2015.08.026. Epub 2015 Aug 29. PubMed 26328939 ↗
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Updates

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Oct 26, 2018, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT01032057
Lead sponsor
Lisette Nixon
Responsible party
Lisette Nixon (Dr, Cardiff University) — Sponsor-investigator
First posted
Dec 15, 2009
Start date
Jul 2009
Primary completion
Jan 2013
Completion
Jun 2013
Last update
Oct 26, 2018

Study contacts

Somnath Mukherjee
principal investigator · Northampton General Hospital

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
Yes
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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