CClinicalTrials.gg
CompletedNCT01002014Updated Apr 21, 2022

Nipple Sparing Mastectomy - Cosmetic Outcomes

An interventional study of Nipple Sparing Mastectomy in Breast Cancer, Breast Reconstruction and Cosmesis, sponsored by Wake Forest University Health Sciences. Completed at 1 site in United States. Open to participants aged 18 Years and older, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2022-04-21.

Sponsored by Wake Forest University Health Sciences · Not applicable, Interventional, and Treatment

From the registry’s dates

  • Registered 9 months after the study started (first participant enrolled Jan 2009, registered Oct 2009).
Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
75
Allocation
Not applicable
Ages
18 Years and older
Sex
All
01

Study summary

The purpose of this study is to observe the cosmetic outcomes, patient satisfaction, and complications after skin sparing mastectomy with preservation of the nipple areolar complex.

Read the detailed description

The outcomes will be observed in patients with both known cancer diagnosis and in those with indications for prophylactic mastectomy. The cosmetic appearance and complications will be followed through several post operative visits throughout the duration of the study. This study is conducted in conjunction with the plastic and reconstructive surgeons who will be performing the breast reconstruction procedures. Patient satisfaction will be measured via survey format. In addition, local recurrence rates will be compared to patients undergoing traditional mastectomy.

02

Conditions studied

  • Breast Cancer
  • Breast Reconstruction
  • Cosmesis

Browse trials for

Keywords

  • Breast Cancer
  • Skin Sparing Mastectomy
  • Breast Cancer Prophylaxis
  • Nipple Sparing Mastectomy
  • Nipple Areolar Complex
  • Mastectomy
  • Breast Reconstruction
  • Local recurrence following nipple sparing mastectomy
  • Cosmetic outcomes following nipple sparing mastectomy
  • Complications following nipple sparing mastectomy
03

In context

Breast Neoplasms

12,543 studies on the registry are indexed under Breast Neoplasms; 2,892 are open to participants now.

This study's enrollment of 75 is close to the median of 72 across 9,302 interventional studies indexed under Breast Neoplasms.

Browse Breast Neoplasms studies →

Lead sponsor

Wake Forest University Health Sciences is the lead sponsor of 1,320 studies on the registry; 199 are open to participants now.

Of its 323 completed or terminated interventional studies of FDA-regulated products, 243 (75%) have results posted.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years and older
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
Yes

Inclusion criteria

  • Patients requiring mastectomy for cancer and/or prophylaxis
  • Age greater than or equal to 18 at time of surgery
  • BMI less than or equal to 35
  • If mastectomy is indicated for removal of breast cancer, tumor is clinically T1 or T2

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Currently smoking
  • Prior radiation to the affected breast
  • Systemic lupus erythematosus
  • Central tumor location and/or tumor within 2 cm of NAC
  • Paget's disease of the nipple
  • Clinical evidence of tumor involvement in the nipple
  • Clinical evidence of axillary nodal tumor involvement
  • Lymphovascular invasion of the tumor on core biopsy
05

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Not applicable
Intervention model
Single group
Masking
None (open label)
Enrollment
75 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    Nipple Sparing Mastectomy

    Patients who undergo nipple sparing mastectomy with preservation of the nipple areolar complex.

    Procedure: Nipple Sparing Mastectomy

Interventions

  • ProcedureNipple Sparing Mastectomy

    Skin sparing mastectomy with preservation of the nipple areolar complex

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Cosmetic Appearance

    Time frame: First Post Operative year

  2. Patient Satisfaction

    Time frame: First Post Operative Year

  3. Presence of tumor in nipple areolar complex frozen section

    Time frame: Duration of Study

  4. Presence of tumor in nipple areolar complex permanent histology

    Time frame: Duration of study

Secondary outcomes

  1. Complications

    Time frame: First Post Operative year

  2. Local Recurrence

    Time frame: One year

07

Study locations

1 site
  • Levine Cancer Institute
    Charlotte, North Carolina 28204, United States
08

References and documents

Publications

  • Vlajcic Z, Zic R, Stanec S, Lambasa S, Petrovecki M, Stanec Z. Nipple-areola complex preservation: predictive factors of neoplastic nipple-areola complex invasion. Ann Plast Surg. 2005 Sep;55(3):240-4. doi: 10.1097/01.sap.0000171680.49971.85. PubMed 16106159 ↗
  • Crowe JP, Patrick RJ, Yetman RJ, Djohan R. Nipple-sparing mastectomy update: one hundred forty-nine procedures and clinical outcomes. Arch Surg. 2008 Nov;143(11):1106-10; discussion 1110. doi: 10.1001/archsurg.143.11.1106. PubMed 19015470 ↗
  • Crowe JP Jr, Kim JA, Yetman R, Banbury J, Patrick RJ, Baynes D. Nipple-sparing mastectomy: technique and results of 54 procedures. Arch Surg. 2004 Feb;139(2):148-50. doi: 10.1001/archsurg.139.2.148. PubMed 14769571 ↗
  • Sacchini V, Pinotti JA, Barros AC, Luini A, Pluchinotta A, Pinotti M, Boratto MG, Ricci MD, Ruiz CA, Nisida AC, Veronesi P, Petit J, Arnone P, Bassi F, Disa JJ, Garcia-Etienne CA, Borgen PI. Nipple-sparing mastectomy for breast cancer and risk reduction: oncologic or technical problem? J Am Coll Surg. 2006 Nov;203(5):704-14. doi: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2006.07.015. Epub 2006 Sep 11. PubMed 17084333 ↗
  • Stolier AJ, Sullivan SK, Dellacroce FJ. Technical considerations in nipple-sparing mastectomy: 82 consecutive cases without necrosis. Ann Surg Oncol. 2008 May;15(5):1341-7. doi: 10.1245/s10434-007-9753-5. Epub 2008 Feb 7. PubMed 18256883 ↗
  • Wijayanayagam A, Kumar AS, Foster RD, Esserman LJ. Optimizing the total skin-sparing mastectomy. Arch Surg. 2008 Jan;143(1):38-45; discussion 45. doi: 10.1001/archsurg.143.1.38. PubMed 18209151 ↗
  • Banerjee A, Gupta S, Bhattacharya N. Preservation of nipple-areola complex in breast cancer--a clinicopathological assessment. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2008 Oct;61(10):1195-8. doi: 10.1016/j.bjps.2007.08.005. Epub 2007 Sep 27. PubMed 17901007 ↗
  • Loewen MJ, Jennings JA, Sherman SR, Slaikeu J, Ebrom PA, Davis AT, Fitzgerald TL. Mammographic distance as a predictor of nipple-areola complex involvement in breast cancer. Am J Surg. 2008 Mar;195(3):391-4; discussion 394-5. doi: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2007.12.020. PubMed 18207131 ↗
  • Laronga C, Kemp B, Johnston D, Robb GL, Singletary SE. The incidence of occult nipple-areola complex involvement in breast cancer patients receiving a skin-sparing mastectomy. Ann Surg Oncol. 1999 Sep;6(6):609-13. doi: 10.1007/s10434-999-0609-z. PubMed 10493632 ↗
  • Gerber B, Krause A, Reimer T, Muller H, Kuchenmeister I, Makovitzky J, Kundt G, Friese K. Skin-sparing mastectomy with conservation of the nipple-areola complex and autologous reconstruction is an oncologically safe procedure. Ann Surg. 2003 Jul;238(1):120-7. doi: 10.1097/01.SLA.0000077922.38307.cd. PubMed 12832974 ↗
  • Fitzal F. Can nipple-sparing mastectomy and immediate breast reconstruction with modified extended latissimus dorsi muscular flap improve the cosmetic and functional outcome of patients with breast cancer? World J Surg. 2008 Mar;32(3):499; author reply 500-1. doi: 10.1007/s00268-007-9268-z. No abstract available. PubMed 17952495 ↗
  • Carlson GW, Losken A, Moore B, Thornton J, Elliott M, Bolitho G, Denson DD. Results of immediate breast reconstruction after skin-sparing mastectomy. Ann Plast Surg. 2001 Mar;46(3):222-8. doi: 10.1097/00000637-200103000-00003. PubMed 11293510 ↗
  • Lowery JC, Wilkins EG, Kuzon WM, Davis JA. Evaluations of aesthetic results in breast reconstruction: an analysis of reliability. Ann Plast Surg. 1996 Jun;36(6):601-6; discussion 607. doi: 10.1097/00000637-199606000-00007. PubMed 8792969 ↗
09

Updates

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Apr 21, 2022, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT01002014
Lead sponsor
Wake Forest University Health Sciences
Responsible party
Sponsor
First posted
Oct 27, 2009
Start date
Jan 21, 2009
Primary completion
Aug 24, 2016
Completion
Sep 20, 2018
Last update
Apr 21, 2022

Study contacts

Richard L White, MD
principal investigator · Carolinas Healthcare

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
Yes
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

Not currently enrolling

This study is completed, as verified in Jan 2019. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

Follow this study

Get an email when the registry record changes — status, dates, results — or when someone posts here.

Sign in to follow

Discussion

Questions and observations about this study, from anyone following it. Not medical advice, and not a channel to the study team — their contact details are on the registry record.

Sign in to join the discussion. Reading takes no account; posting does. You choose a display name, and a pseudonym is the default.

Nothing here yet. If you are running this trial, taking part in it, or weighing whether to, this is the place to say so.

Start the discussion