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CompletedNCT00831623Updated Mar 13, 2023Results posted

Study of Hypofractionated Proton Beam Radiation Therapy for Prostate Cancer

An interventional study of Proton Radiation and Proton in Prostate Cancer, sponsored by Loma Linda University. Completed at 1 site in United States. Open to male participants aged 18 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2023-03-13.

Sponsored by Loma Linda University · Not applicable, Interventional, and Treatment

Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
167
Allocation
Not applicable
Ages
18 Years and older
Sex
Male
01

Study summary

The purpose of this study is to determine hypofractionated conformal proton beam radiation therapy of prostate cancer can achieve similar treatment benefits as our current institutional standard with conventional fractionation.

Read the detailed description

Radiation therapy has a long and established role in the curative treatment of organ-confined prostate cancer. However, the optimal radiation dose and treatment schedule remain unknown. The use of hypofractionation has a long and generally successful history in conformal proton beam therapy. Several reports detailing the efficacy and safety of hypofractionated conformal radiation therapy (with x-rays) of prostate cancer can be found in the literature. Hypofractionated conformal proton beam radiation therapy has become our institutional routine for the treatment of numerous solid tumors. The purpose of this study is to determine if a shortened overall treatment schedule will result in equivalent tumor control rates and no increased side effects as compared to our current institutional standard treatment of an equivalent dose given over a longer period of time.

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Conditions studied

  • Prostate Cancer

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Keywords

  • hypofractionation
  • proton beam radiation
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In context

Prostatic Neoplasms

6,370 studies on the registry are indexed under Prostatic Neoplasms; 1,400 are open to participants now.

This study's enrollment of 167 is above the median of 58 across 4,822 interventional studies indexed under Prostatic Neoplasms.

Browse Prostatic Neoplasms studies →

Lead sponsor

Loma Linda University is the lead sponsor of 297 studies on the registry; 48 are open to participants now.

Of its 28 completed or terminated interventional studies of FDA-regulated products, 23 (82%) have results posted.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

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Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years and older
Sexes eligible
Male
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Inclusion criteria

  • Histologically confirmed adenocarcinoma within 180 days of registration
  • History \& Physical Exam, including digital rectal exam (DRE), within 8 wks prior to registration
  • Histologic evaluation of prostate biopsies at LLUMC, with Gleason score assignment
  • Clinical stage, Tumor Stage (T1-T2C)
  • Prostatic Specific Antigen (PSA) less than 10 ng.ml within 180 days prior to registration

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Prior or concurrent invasive malignancy
  • Evidence of distant metastasis
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Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Not applicable
Intervention model
Single group
Masking
None (open label)
Enrollment
167 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    Proton radiation therapy

    Single arm

    Radiation: Proton Radiation · Radiation: Proton

Interventions

  • RadiationProton Radiation

    3 Cobalt Gray Equivalent (CGE) /Day to isocenter, one treatment per day, 5 days per week for 20 treatments (=60 CGE to isocenter/20 fractions)

  • RadiationProton

    As above

    Also known as: Proton Radiation treatment

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What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Number of Participants With Late Treatment-Related Toxicity Greater Than or Equal to Grade 3, CTCAE Version 4.0

    To determine if late CTCAE version 4.0 Grade 3 treatment-related morbidity, which is no worse than that engendered by our current institutional standard with conventional fractionation, can be maintained in a hypofractionated schedule.

    Time frame: Every 6 months after completing treatment through the duration of the trial with a minimum of 2 years follow-up and an average of 5 years

Secondary outcomes

  1. Number of Participants With Acute and Late Gastrointestinal or Genitourinary Grade 2 Morbidity, CTCAE Version 4.0

    To determine if late CTCAE version 4.0 Grade 2 treatment-related morbidity, which is no worse than that engendered by our current institutional standard with conventional fractionation, can be maintained in a hypofractionated schedule.

    Time frame: Every 6 months after completing treatment through the duration of the trial, with a minimum of 2 years follow-up and an average of 5 years

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Results

Posted Mar 13, 2023

Participant flow

Participant flow — Overall Study
MilestoneProton Radiation Therapy
Started167
Treated per protocol158
At least 2 years since completing treatment146
Completed145
Not completed22
Withdrew: Withdrawal by subject9
Withdrew: Lost to follow-up1
Withdrew: Not 2 years post-treatment12

Outcome measures

PrimaryNumber of Participants With Late Treatment-Related Toxicity Greater Than or Equal to Grade 3, CTCAE Version 4.0

To determine if late CTCAE version 4.0 Grade 3 treatment-related morbidity, which is no worse than that engendered by our current institutional standard with conventional fractionation, can be maintained in a hypofractionated schedule.

Time frame:
Every 6 months after completing treatment through the duration of the trial with a minimum of 2 years follow-up and an average of 5 years
Reported as:
Count of participants · Participants
Number of Participants With Late Treatment-Related Toxicity Greater Than or Equal to Grade 3, CTCAE Version 4.0
ParticipantsProton Radiation Therapy
Number of Participants With Late Treatment-Related Toxicity Greater Than or Equal to Grade 3, CTCAE Version 4.01
SecondaryNumber of Participants With Acute and Late Gastrointestinal or Genitourinary Grade 2 Morbidity, CTCAE Version 4.0

To determine if late CTCAE version 4.0 Grade 2 treatment-related morbidity, which is no worse than that engendered by our current institutional standard with conventional fractionation, can be maintained in a hypofractionated schedule.

Time frame:
Every 6 months after completing treatment through the duration of the trial, with a minimum of 2 years follow-up and an average of 5 years
Reported as:
Count of participants · Participants
Number of Participants With Acute and Late Gastrointestinal or Genitourinary Grade 2 Morbidity, CTCAE Version 4.0
ParticipantsProton Radiation Therapy
Number of Participants With Acute and Late Gastrointestinal or Genitourinary Grade 2 Morbidity, CTCAE Version 4.021

Adverse events

Collected over Patients toxicity was assessed at 6 month intervals following completion of treatment through the duration of the trial for a minimum of 2 years, with an average of 5 years.. Non-serious events are listed at a 0% frequency threshold.

Adverse event summary by group
GroupDeathsSeriousOther
Proton Radiation Therapy0/146 (0%)1/146 (0.7%)20/146 (13.7%)
Most frequent serious events
Most frequent serious events
EventProton Radiation Therapy
HematuriaRenal and urinary disorders1/146
Most frequent other events
Most frequent other events
EventProton Radiation Therapy
Grade 2 Genitourinary toxicityRenal and urinary disorders13/146
Grade 2 Gastrointestinal toxicityGastrointestinal disorders7/146

Baseline characteristics

8 refused treatment, 158 treated per protocol, 146 at least 2 years since completing treatment, 1 with no follow up data

Age, Categorical
Age, Categorical(Participants)Study of Hypofractionated Proton Beam Radiation Therapy for Prostate Cancer
<=18 years0
Between 18 and 65 years70
>=65 years76
Age, Continuous
Age, Continuous(Years)Study of Hypofractionated Proton Beam Radiation Therapy for Prostate Cancer
Median65 (33 to 80)
Sex/Gender, Customized
Sex/Gender, Customized(Participants)Study of Hypofractionated Proton Beam Radiation Therapy for Prostate Cancer
Male146
Race and Ethnicity Not Collected
Race and Ethnicity Not Collected(Participants)Study of Hypofractionated Proton Beam Radiation Therapy for Prostate Cancer
Region of Enrollment
Region of Enrollment(Participants)Study of Hypofractionated Proton Beam Radiation Therapy for Prostate Cancer
United States146
PSA
PSA(ng/mL)Study of Hypofractionated Proton Beam Radiation Therapy for Prostate Cancer
Median4.98 (0.3 to 10.2)
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Study locations

1 site
  • Loma Linda University Medical Center / James M. Slater Proton Treatment Center
    Loma Linda, California 92354, United States
09

References and documents

Publications

  • Zietman AL, DeSilvio ML, Slater JD, Rossi CJ Jr, Miller DW, Adams JA, Shipley WU. Comparison of conventional-dose vs high-dose conformal radiation therapy in clinically localized adenocarcinoma of the prostate: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2005 Sep 14;294(10):1233-9. doi: 10.1001/jama.294.10.1233. Erratum In: JAMA. 2008 Feb 27;299(8):899-900. PubMed 16160131 ↗
  • Rossi CJ Jr, Slater JD, Yonemoto LT, Jabola BR, Bush DA, Levy RP, Grove R, Slater JM. Influence of patient age on biochemical freedom from disease in patients undergoing conformal proton radiotherapy of organ-confined prostate cancer. Urology. 2004 Oct;64(4):729-32. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2004.04.043. PubMed 15491710 ↗
  • Slater JD, Rossi CJ Jr, Yonemoto LT, Bush DA, Jabola BR, Levy RP, Grove RI, Preston W, Slater JM. Proton therapy for prostate cancer: the initial Loma Linda University experience. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2004 Jun 1;59(2):348-52. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2003.10.011. PubMed 15145147 ↗
  • Slater JM, Bush DA, Grove R, Slater JD. The prognostic value of percentage of positive biopsy cores, percentage of cancer volume, and maximum involvement of biopsy cores in prostate cancer patients receiving proton and photon beam therapy. Technol Cancer Res Treat. 2014 Jun;13(3):227-31. doi: 10.7785/tcrtexpress.2013.600271. Epub 2013 Sep 20. PubMed 24066950 ↗
  • Coen JJ, Bae K, Zietman AL, Patel B, Shipley WU, Slater JD, Rossi CJ. Acute and late toxicity after dose escalation to 82 GyE using conformal proton radiation for localized prostate cancer: initial report of American College of Radiology Phase II study 03-12. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2011 Nov 15;81(4):1005-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2010.06.047. Epub 2010 Oct 6. PubMed 20932675 ↗
  • Talcott JA, Rossi C, Shipley WU, Clark JA, Slater JD, Niemierko A, Zietman AL. Patient-reported long-term outcomes after conventional and high-dose combined proton and photon radiation for early prostate cancer. JAMA. 2010 Mar 17;303(11):1046-53. doi: 10.1001/jama.2010.287. Erratum In: JAMA. 2010 Apr 7;303(13):1257. PubMed 20233822 ↗
  • Zietman AL, Bae K, Slater JD, Shipley WU, Efstathiou JA, Coen JJ, Bush DA, Lunt M, Spiegel DY, Skowronski R, Jabola BR, Rossi CJ. Randomized trial comparing conventional-dose with high-dose conformal radiation therapy in early-stage adenocarcinoma of the prostate: long-term results from proton radiation oncology group/american college of radiology 95-09. J Clin Oncol. 2010 Mar 1;28(7):1106-11. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2009.25.8475. Epub 2010 Feb 1. PubMed 20124169 ↗
  • Slater JD. Clinical applications of proton radiation treatment at Loma Linda University: review of a fifteen-year experience. Technol Cancer Res Treat. 2006 Apr;5(2):81-9. doi: 10.1177/153303460600500202. PubMed 16551128 ↗
  • Ronson BB, Yonemoto LT, Rossi CJ, Slater JM, Slater JD. Patient tolerance of rectal balloons in conformal radiation treatment of prostate cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2006 Apr 1;64(5):1367-70. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2005.11.001. Epub 2006 Feb 20. PubMed 16488552 ↗
  • Slater JD, Rossi CJ Jr, Yonemoto LT, Reyes-Molyneux NJ, Bush DA, Antoine JE, Miller DW, Teichman SL, Slater JM. Conformal proton therapy for early-stage prostate cancer. Urology. 1999 May;53(5):978-84. doi: 10.1016/s0090-4295(99)00014-x. PubMed 10223493 ↗
  • Slater JD, Yonemoto LT, Rossi CJ Jr, Reyes-Molyneux NJ, Bush DA, Antoine JE, Loredo LN, Schulte RW, Teichman SL, Slater JM. Conformal proton therapy for prostate carcinoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1998 Sep 1;42(2):299-304. doi: 10.1016/s0360-3016(98)00225-9. PubMed 9788407 ↗
  • Slater JD. Twenty years of proton radiation therapy at Loma Linda University Medical Center. In U. Linz, editor. Ion beam therapy: fundamentals, technology, clinical applications. Berlin: Springer, 2012:581-595.
  • Slater JM, Slater JD, Kang JI, Namihas IC, Jabola BR, Brown K, Grove R, Watt C, Bush DA. Hypofractionated Proton Therapy in Early Prostate Cancer: Results of a Phase I/II Trial at Loma Linda University. Int J Part Ther. 2019 Summer;6(1):1-9. doi: 10.14338/IJPT-19-00057. Epub 2019 Aug 6. PubMed 31773043 ↗

Study documents

  • Protocol and statistical analysis plan · Nov 21, 2014
  • Informed consent form · May 5, 2015

Documents are hosted by the registry — open the source record to download them.

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Updates

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Mar 13, 2023, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
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Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT00831623
Lead sponsor
Loma Linda University
Responsible party
Jerry D. Slater, MD (Professor and Chair Department of Radiation Medicine, Loma Linda University) — Principal investigator
First posted
Jan 29, 2009
Start date
Feb 17, 2009
Primary completion
Jul 18, 2019
Completion
Jul 18, 2019
Results posted
Mar 13, 2023
Last update
Mar 13, 2023

Study contacts

Jerry D Slater, MD
principal investigator · Loma Linda University Medical Center Dept. of Radiation Medicine

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
Yes
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
Yes
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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