A Phase 1/2 interventional study of Hyperbaric oxygen @ 2.4 ATA and Sham treatment in Brain Injury, Chronic, sponsored by San Antonio Military Medical Center. Completed. Open to participants aged 19 Years to 60 Years. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2018-08-13.
Sponsored by San Antonio Military Medical Center · Phase 1/2, Interventional, and Treatment
The purpose of this study is to determine if hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) improves the cognitive function of OIF/OEF individuals who have chronic mild to moderate traumatic brain injury (TBI). Cognitive function includes such things as thinking, remembering, recognition, concentration ability and perception. Traumatic brain injury is common with head injuries caused by blows to the head, nearby explosions, or concussion. Subjects will be assigned to an intervention or sham arm. Computer based cognitive tests will be used as outcome measures. Subjects are enrolled by invitation only.
The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) did a comprehensive review of the literature focusing on TBI, stroke and cerebral palsy in Sep 2003. The study design and goals were based on the AHRQ recommendations for future hyperbaric oxygen for TBI research. This report stated, "The most important gap in the evidence is a lack of a good quality time-series study or controlled trial of the effects of HBOT on cognition, memory, and functional status in patients with deficits due to mild and moderate chronic TBI." The AHRQ Evidence Report further stated, "Lack of agreement on the dosage of HBOT and the duration of treatment is an important barrier to conducting good-quality clinical studies...Good-quality dose-ranging studies of HBOT for brain injury can be done, based on the model used by pharmaceutical manufacturers and the FDA. It is likely that the dosage of HBOT needs to be individualized based on the patient's age, clinical condition, and other factors". Although there are many anecdotal cases of TBI improvement with HBO, this case is backed with non-subjective data. The biological basis for why breathing 100% oxygen under pressurized conditions improves chronic neurological trauma remains unclear. There is some evidence that chronic TBI effects are related to the demyelization effect linked to the expression of a specific protease, calpain. This protease is also seen in demyelination delayed effects of carbon monoxide poisoning which is slowed by treatment with HBO. The "idling neuron" theory advocated in neurological studies suggest that HBO may increase metabolic performance of chronically impaired neurons that were marginally capable, enabling restoration of full function leading in turn to increased integrative plasticity. HBO has been shown to increase recruitment of stem cells from the bone marrow, suggesting that HBO may increase the rate at which damaged neuronal tissue can be reconstituted de novo. The proposed research will treat 25 subjects using HBO (2.4 ATA breathing 100% oxygen) and 25 subjects in a sham HBO treatment (1.3 ATA breathing air). Computer-based cognitive testing and the Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for Military (PCL-M) will be administered pre- and post-HBOT as well as at intervals throughout the treatment. The cognitive test results and stem cell results will be analyzed within each subject at the various treatment points as well as cohort groups between each treatment leg. Cognitive test scores will also be compared to cognitive test population reference bases matched for gender and age. The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality 2003 report also stated, "If there is a 1 percent chance that the treatment works, a rational decision maker would try it-there is a potential gain and no potential loss. On the other hand, if there are proven harms, and their severity and frequency are well described, the probability that the treatment works would have to be higher before most people would try it"
2,113 studies on the registry are indexed under Brain Injuries; 385 are open to participants now.
This study's enrollment of 50 is close to the median of 48 across 1,331 interventional studies indexed under Brain Injuries.
Browse Brain Injuries studies →San Antonio Military Medical Center is the lead sponsor of 12 studies on the registry; none are open to participants now.
Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.
Exclusion Criteria:
Subject will breathe air at less than 1.3 Atmospheres Absolute (ATA) in three 30 minute periods separated by 10 minutes of breathing air at less that 1.3 ATA. Hyperbaric exposures will be done up to 5 times per week with a total number of 30 exposures.
Other: Sham treatment
Subject will breathe 100% oxygen at 2.4 Atmospheres Absolute (ATA) in three 30 minute periods separated by 10 minutes of breathing air at 2.4 ATA. Hyperbaric exposures will be done up to 5 times per week with a total number of 30 exposures.
Other: Hyperbaric oxygen @ 2.4 ATA
Subject will breath 100% oxygen at 2.4 Atmospheres Absolute (ATA) in three 30 minute periods separated by 10 minutes of breathing air at 2.4 ATA. Hyperbaric exposures will be done up to 5 times per week with a total number of 30 exposures.
Also known as: hyperbaric oxygen, HBOT, HBO
Also known as: sham exposure; 1.3 ATA air
Computer Cognitive Test Scores - ImPACT Verbal Memory
The Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT) battery was developed at the University of Pittsburgh. It has a sensitivity of 81.9% and specificity of 89.4% in discriminating between concussion and non-concussion groups. It consists of a medical history questionnaire regarding concussions and resultant symptoms including loss of consciousness, memory loss, confusion, headache, seizure activity, emotional state, and sleep patterns. There are four subtests given and scored by computer. These include verbal and visual memory, visual motor speed, and response time. The composite scores are specifically designed to determine changes within the individual, better or worse, over time. The verbal memory score demonstrates improvement as the score increases. The score range was 36.8 to 98.6.
Time frame: Baseline and six weeks post hyperbaric exposure series
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist - Military Version (PCL-M) Scores
The PCL-M is a self reported test in which a list of 17 problems and complaints are offered to the individual to score on a 1 to 5 scale with 1 designating "not at all", 2= "a little bit", 3= "moderately", 4= "quite a bit" and 5 designating "extremely". A sample complaint would be "repeated, disturbing dreams of a stressful military experience". Hence there is a possible total score range from 17 to 85. For military members, a score of 50 or above is indicative of PTSD. A change from baseline of 5-9 represents a reliable change and change of 10 or greater is a significant change.
Time frame: baseline compared to the change at post hyperbaric exposures (30) series and the six weeks post hyperbaric exposure series
Computer Cognitive Test Scores - ImPACT Visual Memory
The Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT) battery was developed at the University of Pittsburgh. It has a sensitivity of 81.9% and specificity of 89.4% in discriminating between concussion and non-concussion groups. It consists of a medical history questionnaire regarding concussions and resultant symptoms including loss of consciousness, memory loss, confusion, headache, seizure activity, emotional state, and sleep patterns. There are four subtests given and scored by computer. These include verbal and visual memory, visual motor speed, and response time. The composite scores are specifically designed to determine changes within the individual, better or worse, over time. The visual memory score demonstrates improvement as the score increases. The score range was 31.2 to 92.7.
Time frame: Baseline and six weeks post hyperbaric exposure series
Computer Cognitive Test Scores - ImPACT Processing Speed
The Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT) battery was developed at the University of Pittsburgh. It has a sensitivity of 81.9% and specificity of 89.4% in discriminating between concussion and non-concussion groups. It consists of a medical history questionnaire regarding concussions and resultant symptoms including loss of consciousness, memory loss, confusion, headache, seizure activity, emotional state, and sleep patterns. There are four subtests given and scored by computer. These include verbal and visual memory, visual motor speed, and response time. The composite scores are specifically designed to determine changes within the individual, better or worse, over time. The Processing Speed score demonstrates improvement as the score increases. The score range was 9.7 to 52.4.
Time frame: Baseline and six weeks post hyperbaric exposure series
Computer Cognitive Test Scores - ImPACT Reaction Time
The Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT) battery was developed at the University of Pittsburgh. It has a sensitivity of 81.9% and specificity of 89.4% in discriminating between concussion and non-concussion groups. It consists of a medical history questionnaire regarding concussions and resultant symptoms including loss of consciousness, memory loss, confusion, headache, seizure activity, emotional state, and sleep patterns. There are four subtests given and scored by computer. These include verbal and visual memory, visual motor speed, and response time. The composite scores are specifically designed to determine changes within the individual, better or worse, over time. The reaction time score demonstrates improvement as the score decreases. The score range was 0.42 to 1.84.
Time frame: Baseline and six weeks post hyperbaric exposure series
Computer Cognitive Test Scores - BrainCheckers Simple Reaction Time
Braincheckers is a PDA version of the Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics (ANAM) supported by the Army Medical Research and Materiel Command in 2000. It was validated against ANAM for the individual tests used. Throughput is defined as correct responses per minute of time available to respond. Higher scores indicate higher accuracy in each of the subtest. The simple reaction time range is 30 to 255.
Time frame: Baseline and six weeks post hyperbaric exposure series
Computer Cognitive Test Scores - BrainCheckers Code Substitution
Braincheckers is a PDA version of the Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics (ANAM) supported by the Army Medical Research and Materiel Command in 2000. It was validated against ANAM for the individual tests used. Throughput is defined as correct responses per minute of time available to respond. Higher scores indicate higher accuracy in each of the subtest. The range is 9 to 66. The scores in this section represent results of the code substitution subtest.
Time frame: Baseline and six weeks post hyperbaric exposure series
Computer Cognitive Test Scores - BrainCheckers Procedural Reaction Time
Braincheckers is a PDA version of the Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics (ANAM) supported by the Army Medical Research and Materiel Command in 2000. It was validated against ANAM for the individual tests used. Throughput is defined as correct responses per minute of time available to respond. Higher scores indicate higher accuracy in each of the subtest. The range is 25 to 118. The scores in this section represent results of the procedural reaction time.
Time frame: Baseline and six weeks post hyperbaric exposure series
Computer Cognitive Test Scores - BrainCheckers Go-NoGo Reaction Time
Braincheckers is a PDA version of the Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics (ANAM) supported by the Army Medical Research and Materiel Command in 2000. It was validated against ANAM for the individual tests used. Throughput is defined as correct responses per minute of time available to respond. Higher scores indicate higher accuracy in each of the subtest. The range is 41 to 174. The scores in this section represent results of the Go-NoGo reaction time subtest.
Time frame: Baseline and six weeks post hyperbaric exposure series
Computer Cognitive Test Scores - BrainCheckers Matching To Sample
BrainCheckers is a PDA version of the Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics (ANAM) supported by the Army Medical Research and Materiel Command in 2000. It was validated against ANAM for the individual tests used. Throughput is defined as correct responses per minute of time available to respond. Higher scores indicate accuracy in each of the subtest. The range is 6 to 50. The scores in this section represent results of the matching to sample subtest.
Time frame: Baseline and six weeks post hyperbaric exposure series
Computer Cognitive Test Scores - BrainCheckers Code Sub Recall
BrainCheckers is a PDA version of the Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics (ANAM) supported by the Army Medical Research and Materiel Command in 2000. It was validated against ANAM for the individual tests used. Throughput is defined as correct responses per minute of time available to respond. Higher scores indicate accuracy in each of the subtest. The range is 6 to 135. The scores in this section represent results of the code sub recall subtest.
Time frame: Baseline and six weeks post hyperbaric exposure series
Functional MRI
Time frame: six weeks post hyperbaric exposure series
Stem Cells: CD_34
A non-parametric regression 14 using the Theil estimator was fit to the observed data in order to demonstrate general trends for relations between measures of cognitive functioning and increased stem cells.
Time frame: six weeks post hyperbaric exposure series
Recruitment occurred from Nov 2008 - Nov 2010. Candidate subjects with a diagnosis of chronic truamatic brain injury (TBI) were identified by DoD neurologists. Those interested were screened for inclusion/exclusion criteria. 103 candidates were screened. 22 did not qualify; 31 were deferred (psychotropic medication or mental status unstable).
| Milestone | Sham Treatment | Hyperbaric Oxygen 2.4 ATA |
|---|---|---|
| Started | 25 | 25 |
| Completed | 24 | 24 |
| Not completed | 1 | 1 |
| Withdrew: Withdrawal by subject | 1 | 1 |
The Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT) battery was developed at the University of Pittsburgh. It has a sensitivity of 81.9% and specificity of 89.4% in discriminating between concussion and non-concussion groups. It consists of a medical history questionnaire regarding concussions and resultant symptoms including loss of consciousness, memory loss, confusion, headache, seizure activity, emotional state, and sleep patterns. There are four subtests given and scored by computer. These include verbal and visual memory, visual motor speed, and response time. The composite scores are specifically designed to determine changes within the individual, better or worse, over time. The verbal memory score demonstrates improvement as the score increases. The score range was 36.8 to 98.6.
| units on a scale | Sham Treatment | Hyperbaric Oxygen 2.4 ATA |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | 70.48 ± 13.05 | 74.21 ± 12.03 |
| six weeks post hyperbaric exposure series | 78.12 ± 16.087 | 75.36 ± 15.230 |
The PCL-M is a self reported test in which a list of 17 problems and complaints are offered to the individual to score on a 1 to 5 scale with 1 designating "not at all", 2= "a little bit", 3= "moderately", 4= "quite a bit" and 5 designating "extremely". A sample complaint would be "repeated, disturbing dreams of a stressful military experience". Hence there is a possible total score range from 17 to 85. For military members, a score of 50 or above is indicative of PTSD. A change from baseline of 5-9 represents a reliable change and change of 10 or greater is a significant change.
| units on a scale | Sham Treatment | Hyperbaric Oxygen 2.4 ATA |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline measurement | 48.88 ± 12.59 | 50.38 ± 14.53 |
| Post 30 hyperbaric exposures | -10.125 ± 10.759 | -8.875 ± 8.789 |
| 6 Week Follow-up | -8.292 ± 10.960 | -8.625 ± 10.761 |
The Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT) battery was developed at the University of Pittsburgh. It has a sensitivity of 81.9% and specificity of 89.4% in discriminating between concussion and non-concussion groups. It consists of a medical history questionnaire regarding concussions and resultant symptoms including loss of consciousness, memory loss, confusion, headache, seizure activity, emotional state, and sleep patterns. There are four subtests given and scored by computer. These include verbal and visual memory, visual motor speed, and response time. The composite scores are specifically designed to determine changes within the individual, better or worse, over time. The visual memory score demonstrates improvement as the score increases. The score range was 31.2 to 92.7.
| units on a scale | Sham Treatment | Hyperbaric Oxygen 2.4 ATA |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | 56.56 ± 14.86 | 59.8 ± 12.17 |
| six weeks post hyperbaric exposure series | 64.72 ± 15.19 | 66.8 ± 14.72 |
The Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT) battery was developed at the University of Pittsburgh. It has a sensitivity of 81.9% and specificity of 89.4% in discriminating between concussion and non-concussion groups. It consists of a medical history questionnaire regarding concussions and resultant symptoms including loss of consciousness, memory loss, confusion, headache, seizure activity, emotional state, and sleep patterns. There are four subtests given and scored by computer. These include verbal and visual memory, visual motor speed, and response time. The composite scores are specifically designed to determine changes within the individual, better or worse, over time. The Processing Speed score demonstrates improvement as the score increases. The score range was 9.7 to 52.4.
| units on a scale | Sham Treatment | Hyperbaric Oxygen 2.4 ATA |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | 30.26 ± 8.50 | 29.62 ± 9.61 |
| Six weeks post hyperbaric exposure series | 36.71 ± 10.47 | 33.84 ± 10.30 |
The Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT) battery was developed at the University of Pittsburgh. It has a sensitivity of 81.9% and specificity of 89.4% in discriminating between concussion and non-concussion groups. It consists of a medical history questionnaire regarding concussions and resultant symptoms including loss of consciousness, memory loss, confusion, headache, seizure activity, emotional state, and sleep patterns. There are four subtests given and scored by computer. These include verbal and visual memory, visual motor speed, and response time. The composite scores are specifically designed to determine changes within the individual, better or worse, over time. The reaction time score demonstrates improvement as the score decreases. The score range was 0.42 to 1.84.
| units on a scale | Sham Treatment | Hyperbaric Oxygen 2.4 ATA |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | 0.739 ± 0.322 | 0.725 ± 0.199 |
| Six weeks post hyperbaric exposure series | 0.677 ± 0.186 | 0.712 ± 0.266 |
Braincheckers is a PDA version of the Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics (ANAM) supported by the Army Medical Research and Materiel Command in 2000. It was validated against ANAM for the individual tests used. Throughput is defined as correct responses per minute of time available to respond. Higher scores indicate higher accuracy in each of the subtest. The simple reaction time range is 30 to 255.
| units on a scale | Sham Treatment | Hyperbaric Oxygen 2.4 ATA |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | 142.21 ± 60.68 | 135.79 ± 61.48 |
| Six weeks post hyperbaric exposure series | 174.96 ± 57.75 | 171.83 ± 54.66 |
Braincheckers is a PDA version of the Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics (ANAM) supported by the Army Medical Research and Materiel Command in 2000. It was validated against ANAM for the individual tests used. Throughput is defined as correct responses per minute of time available to respond. Higher scores indicate higher accuracy in each of the subtest. The range is 9 to 66. The scores in this section represent results of the code substitution subtest.
| units on a scale | Sham Treatment | Hyperbaric Oxygen 2.4 ATA |
|---|---|---|
| Baeline | 39.20 ± 12.08 | 37.42 ± 13.74 |
| Post hyperbaric exposure 6 week follow up throughp | 43.39 ± 13.56 | 40.71 ± 12.10 |
Braincheckers is a PDA version of the Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics (ANAM) supported by the Army Medical Research and Materiel Command in 2000. It was validated against ANAM for the individual tests used. Throughput is defined as correct responses per minute of time available to respond. Higher scores indicate higher accuracy in each of the subtest. The range is 25 to 118. The scores in this section represent results of the procedural reaction time.
| units on a scale | Sham Treatment | Hyperbaric Oxygen 2.4 ATA |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | 81.63 ± 20.82 | 81.17 ± 21.66 |
| Post hyperbaric exposure 6 week follow up throughp | 85.78 ± 23.16 | 86.78 ± 16.63 |
Braincheckers is a PDA version of the Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics (ANAM) supported by the Army Medical Research and Materiel Command in 2000. It was validated against ANAM for the individual tests used. Throughput is defined as correct responses per minute of time available to respond. Higher scores indicate higher accuracy in each of the subtest. The range is 41 to 174. The scores in this section represent results of the Go-NoGo reaction time subtest.
| units on a scale | Sham Treatment | Hyperbaric Oxygen 2.4 ATA |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | 119.67 ± 31.03 | 116.52 ± 23.33 |
| Post hyperbaric exposure 6 week follow up throughp | 131.70 ± 31.43 | 129.17 ± 25.67 |
BrainCheckers is a PDA version of the Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics (ANAM) supported by the Army Medical Research and Materiel Command in 2000. It was validated against ANAM for the individual tests used. Throughput is defined as correct responses per minute of time available to respond. Higher scores indicate accuracy in each of the subtest. The range is 6 to 50. The scores in this section represent results of the matching to sample subtest.
| units on a scale | Sham Treatment | Hyperbaric Oxygen 2.4 ATA |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | 20.00 ± 10.70 | 23.71 ± 11.86 |
| Post hyperbaric exposure 6 week follow up throughp | 28.22 ± 10.63 | 24.42 ± 8.08 |
BrainCheckers is a PDA version of the Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics (ANAM) supported by the Army Medical Research and Materiel Command in 2000. It was validated against ANAM for the individual tests used. Throughput is defined as correct responses per minute of time available to respond. Higher scores indicate accuracy in each of the subtest. The range is 6 to 135. The scores in this section represent results of the code sub recall subtest.
| units on a scale | Sham Treatment | Hyperbaric Oxygen 2.4 ATA |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | 29.88 ± 16.63 | 36.38 ± 19.77 |
| Post hyperbaric exposure 6 week follow up throughp | 47.57 ± 24.02 | 44.08 ± 12.07 |
Results for this outcome have not been posted.
A non-parametric regression 14 using the Theil estimator was fit to the observed data in order to demonstrate general trends for relations between measures of cognitive functioning and increased stem cells.
Results for this outcome have not been posted.
The purpose of a pilot study is to identify potential subgroups who may respond to treatment. The various composite scores were ranked and separated by subject and within groups for those who improved and those who did not. This allowed the application relative risk analysis using MedCalc (http://www.medcalc.org) to identify potential subgroups. Relative Risk of Improvement (RROI) was calculated against the concussion history items. Main categories were the number of concussive events, whether the subject had multiple non-concussive events or not, if there were two concussive events within a 48 hour period, the time expired from the last concussion to consent, the etiology of the event, and loss of consciousness. A concussive event was defined as one immediately followed with symptoms. This outcome measure analyzed PCL-M score decreases of 10 or more (significantly improved) in the individuals who experienced only one concussive event.
| participants | Sham Treatment Improved | Sham Treatment Not Improved | Hyperbaric Oxygen 2.4 ATA Improved | Hyperbaric Oxygen 2.4 ATA Not Improved |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCL-M Relative Risk of Improvement of 2.4 ATA Exposures vs. Sham, All Participants With Only One Concussive Event | 4 | 2 | 4 | 7 |
The purpose of a pilot study is to identify potential subgroups who may respond to treatment. The various composite scores were ranked and separated by subject and within groups for those who improved and those who did not. This allowed the application relative risk analysis using MedCalc (http://www.medcalc.org) to identify potential subgroups. Relative Risk of Improvement (RROI) was calculated against the concussion history items. Main categories were the number of concussive events, whether the subject had multiple non-concussive events or not, if there were two concussive events within a 48 hour period, the time expired from the last concussion to consent, the etiology of the event, and loss of consciousness. A concussive event was defined as one immediately followed with symptoms. This outcome measure analyzed PCL-M score decreases of 10 or more (significantly improved) in individuals who experienced two concussive events.
| participants | Sham Treatment Improved | Sham Treatment Not Improved | Hyperbaric Oxygen 2.4 ATA Improved | Hyperbaric Oxygen 2.4 ATA Not Improved |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCL-M Relative Risk of Improvement of 2.4 ATA Exposures vs. Sham, All Participants With Two Concussive Events | 6 | 5 | 3 | 2 |
The purpose of a pilot study is to identify potential subgroups who may respond to treatment. The various composite scores were ranked and separated by subject and within groups for those who improved and those who did not. This allowed the application relative risk analysis using MedCalc (http://www.medcalc.org) to identify potential subgroups. Relative Risk of Improvement (RROI) was calculated against the concussion history items. Main categories were the number of concussive events, whether the subject had multiple non-concussive events or not, if there were two concussive events within a 48 hour period, the time expired from the last concussion to consent, the etiology of the event, and loss of consciousness. A concussive event was defined as one immediately followed with symptoms. This outcome measure analyzed PCL-M score decreases of 10 or more (significantly improved) in individuals who experienced three concussive events.
| participants | Sham Treatment Improved | Sham Treatment Not Improved | Hyperbaric Oxygen 2.4 ATA Improved | Hyperbaric Oxygen 2.4 ATA Not Improved |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCL-M Relative Risk of Improvement of 2.4 ATA Exposures vs. Sham, All Participants With Three Concussive Events | 3 | 2 | 4 | 2 |
The purpose of a pilot study is to identify potential subgroups who may respond to treatment. The various composite scores were ranked and separated by subject and within groups for those who improved and those who did not. This allowed the application relative risk analysis using MedCalc (http://www.medcalc.org) to identify potential subgroups. Relative Risk of Improvement (RROI) was calculated against the concussion history items. Main categories were the number of concussive events, whether the subject had multiple non-concussive events or not, if there were two concussive events within a 48 hour period, the time expired from the last concussion to consent, the etiology of the event, and loss of consciousness. A concussive event was defined as one immediately followed with symptoms. This outcome measure analyzed PCL-M score decreases of 10 or more (significantly improved) in individuals who experienced four or more concussive events.
| participants | Sham Treatment Improved | Sham Treatment Not Improved | Hyperbaric Oxygen 2.4 ATA Improved | Hyperbaric Oxygen 2.4 ATA Not Improved |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCL-M Relative Risk of Improvement of 2.4 ATA Exposures vs. Sham, All Participants With Four or More Concussive Events | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
The purpose of a pilot study is to identify potential subgroups who may respond to treatment. The various composite scores were ranked and separated by subject and within groups for those who improved and those who did not. This allowed the application relative risk analysis using MedCalc (http://www.medcalc.org) to identify potential subgroups. Relative Risk of Improvement (RROI) was calculated for the number of concussive events, whether the subject had multiple non-concussive events or not, if there were two concussive events within a 48 hour period, the time expired from the last concussion to consent, the etiology of the event, and loss of consciousness. Many subjects had multiple blast and/or impact events without a concussion (asymptomatic), but had a flight or flight (danger response) experience. This outcome measure analyzed PCL-M score decreases of 10 or more (significantly improved) in individuals who experienced multiple non-concussive blast and/or impact events.
| participants | Sham Treatment Improved | Sham Treatment Not Improved | Hyperbaric Oxygen 2.4 ATA Improved | Hyperbaric Oxygen 2.4 ATA Not Improved |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCL-M Relative Risk of Improvement of 2.4 ATA Exposures vs. Sham, All Participants With Multiple Non-concussive Blast and/or Impact Exposures. | 11 | 5 | 2 | 9 |
The purpose of a pilot study is to identify potential subgroups who may respond to treatment. The various composite scores were ranked and separated by subject and within groups for those who improved and those who did not. This allowed the application relative risk analysis using MedCalc (http://www.medcalc.org) to identify potential subgroups. Relative Risk of Improvement (RROI) was calculated for the number of concussive events, whether the subject had multiple non-concussive events or not, if there were two concussive events within a 48 hour period, the time expired from the last concussion to consent, the etiology of the event, and loss of consciousness. This outcome measure analyzed PCL-M score decreases of 10 or more (significantly improved) with consent within one year from the last concussion in subjects who had multiple concussions.
| participants | Sham Treatment Improved | Sham Treatment Not Improved | Hyperbaric Oxygen 2.4 ATA Improved | Hyperbaric Oxygen 2.4 ATA Not Improved |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCL-M Relative Risk of Improvement of 2.4 ATA Exposures vs. Sham, Measuring Time to Consent From the Last Concussion in Subjects With Multiple Concussions. | 1 | 3 | 3 | 2 |
Non-serious events are listed at a 5% frequency threshold.
| Group | Deaths | Serious | Other |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sham Treatment | — | 0/25 (0%) | 4/25 (16%) |
| Hyperbaric Oxygen 2.4 ATA | — | 0/25 (0%) | 10/25 (40%) |
| Event | Sham Treatment | Hyperbaric Oxygen 2.4 ATA |
|---|---|---|
| Ear blockEar and labyrinth disorders | 4/25 | 10/25 |
| Age, Categorical(Participants) | Sham Treatment | Hyperbaric Oxygen 2.4 ATA | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| <=18 years | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Between 18 and 65 years | 25 | 25 | 50 |
| >=65 years | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Age, Continuous(years) | Sham Treatment | Hyperbaric Oxygen 2.4 ATA | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | 28.4 ± 7.4 | 28.3 ± 8.1 | 28.3 ± 7.7 |
| Sex: Female, Male(Participants) | Sham Treatment | Hyperbaric Oxygen 2.4 ATA | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Female | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| Male | 24 | 24 | 48 |
| Region of Enrollment(participants) | Sham Treatment | Hyperbaric Oxygen 2.4 ATA | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| United States | 25 | 25 | 50 |
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Plan to share: Undecided
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San Antonio Military Medical Center