A Phase 3 interventional study of Novartis Meningococcal ACWY Conjugate Vaccine and Tdap Vaccine in Meningococcal Meningitis, Human Papillomavirus Infection and Pertussis, sponsored by Novartis Vaccines. Completed at 1 site in Costa Rica. Open to participants aged 11 Years to 18 Years, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2016-05-18.
Sponsored by Novartis Vaccines · Phase 3, Interventional, and Prevention
This study will evaluate the safety and immune response of the Novartis Meningococcal ACWY conjugate vaccine when administered with Tdap and HPV vaccinations to healthy adolescents
238 studies on the registry are indexed under Whooping Cough; 15 are open to participants now.
This study's enrollment of 1,620 is above the median of 375 across 180 interventional studies indexed under Whooping Cough.
Browse Whooping Cough studies →Novartis Vaccines is the lead sponsor of 161 studies on the registry; none are open to participants now.
Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.
Exclusion Criteria:
Subjects received MenACWY concomitantly with Tdap and HPV at study month 0 followed by two injections of HPV at month 2 and 6
Biological: Novartis Meningococcal ACWY Conjugate Vaccine
Subjects received MenACWY at study month 0 followed by one injection of Tdap at month 1, followed by three injections of HPV at months 2, 4, and 8
Biological: Novartis Meningococcal ACWY Conjugate Vaccine
Subjects received Tdap at month 0 followed by one injection of MenACWY at month 1, followed by three injections of HPV at months 2, 4, and 8
Biological: Tdap Vaccine
One dose of vaccine administered intramuscularly
One dose of vaccine administered intramuscularly
One dose of vaccine administered intramuscularly
Percentage of Subjects With Human Serum Bactericidal Assay (hSBA) Seroresponse
Immune responses to MenACWY, as measured by the percentage of hSBA seroresponders, when given: (a) alone; (b) concomitantly with a Tetanus diphtheria acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccine and a Human Papillomavirus Recombinant (HPV) vaccine; and (c) when given one month after a Tdap vaccine. Seroresponse to MenACWY: For a subject with baseline hSBA titer \<1:4, seroresponse is defined as a postvaccination hSBA titer ≥ 1:8; for a subject with baseline hSBA titer ≥ 1:4, seroresponse is defined as a postvaccination hSBA titer of at least 4 times the baseline.
Time frame: 1 month post MenACWY vaccination
Percentage of Subjects With Antidiphtheria and Antitetanus Toxin ≥1.0 IU/mL
To compare the immune response to Tdap given concomitantly with MenACWY and HPV vaccine with the immune response to Tdap when administered alone
Time frame: 1 month post Tdap vaccination
Geometric Mean Concentrations (GMC) of Antipertussis Toxin (Anti-PT), Antifilamentous Hemagglutinin (Anti-FHA), and Antipertactin (Anti-PRN)
To compare the immune response of Tdap given concomitantly with MenACWY and HPV vaccine with the immune response of Tdap when administered alone
Time frame: 1 month post Tdap vaccination
Effect of Concomitant and Sequential Vaccination on hSBA Geometric Mean Titers (GMTs) for A, C, W, and Y Serogroups
The immune responses to the MenACWY conjugate vaccine, as measured by the hSBA Geometric Mean Titers (GMTs) when given: (a) alone, (b) concomitantly with the Tdap vaccine and the HPV vaccine, and (c) when given one month after the Tdap vaccine.
Time frame: 1 month post MenACWY vaccination
Percentage of Subjects With Anti-HPV Seroconversion
To compare the immune response of HPV vaccine given concomitantly with MenACWY and Tdap to the response when HPV vaccine is given alone. (Immune response against HPV virus-like particles (VLPs) for types 6, 11, 16, and 18 was measured at one month after the third HPV vaccination.) Anti-HPV Seroconversion (SC): SC was defined as negative (baseline HPV titer \< type-specific cut-off) for anti-HPV and anti-HPV ≥ an HPV type-specific cut-off at one month after the third HPV injection.
Time frame: 1 month post third HPV vaccination
Geometric Mean Titers (GMTs) of Anti-HPV by Competitive Luminex Immunoassay
To compare the immune response of HPV vaccine given concomitantly with MenACWY and Tdap to the response when HPV vaccine is given alone. (Immune response against HPV virus-like particles (VLPs) for types 6, 11, 16, and 18 was measured at one month after the third HPV vaccine vaccination.)
Time frame: 1 month post third HPV vaccination
Percentage of Subjects With hSBA ≥ 1:8, hSBA Titer ≥ 1:4, for A, C, W, and Y Serogroups
The immune responses to MenACWY, as measured by the percentage of subjects with hSBA titer ≥ 1:8, hSBA titer ≥ 1:4, when given: (a) alone, (b) concomitantly with Tdap and HPV vaccine; and (c) when given one month after Tdap.
Time frame: 1 month post MenACWY vaccination
The Effect of Sequential Vaccination on Immunogenicity for Diphtheria and Tetanus
The immune response to the Tdap vaccine, as measured by the percentage of subjects with antidiphtheria and antitetanus toxin ≥1.0 IU/mL.
Time frame: 1 month post Tdap vaccination
Geometric Mean Concentrations (GMC) for Diphtheria and Tetanus
To compare the immune response of Tdap, as measured by the antidiphtheria and antitetanus GMCs, when administered one month after the MenACWY vaccine with the immune response of the Tdap vaccine when administered alone.
Time frame: 1 month post Tdap vaccination
Geometric Mean Titers (GMT) of Pertussis Antigens
To compare the immune response to Tdap administered one month after MenACWY with the immune response to Tdap administered alone.
Time frame: 1 month post Tdap vaccination
Percentages of Subjects With at Least a 4-fold Rise for PT, FHA, and PRN
To compare the immune response of Tdap, defined by the percentage of subjects with a 4-fold rise in antibody titer over baseline against PT, FHA, PRN, when administered one month after the MenACWY with the immune response of Tdap when administered alone.
Time frame: 1 month post Tdap vaccination
Number of Subjects With at Least One Reactogenicity Sign After MenACWY and Tdap Vaccination.
Number of subjects with specified local and systemic reactions were assessed when MenACWY was given alone, one month after Tdap, and concomitantly with Tdap and HPV vaccine.
Time frame: Days 1 to 7
Number of Subjects With at Least One Reactogenicity Sign After Each HPV Vaccination
Number of subjects with specified local and systemic reactions were solicited for 7 days after the HPV vaccination.
Time frame: Days 1 to 7
Participants were enrolled at a single center in Costa Rica.
| Milestone | MenACWY+Tdap+HPV | MenACWY→Tdap→HPV | Tdap →MenACWY → HPV |
|---|---|---|---|
| Started | 540 | 541 | 539 |
| Completed | 475 | 472 | 457 |
| Not completed | 65 | 69 | 82 |
| Withdrew: Withdrawal by subject | 29 | 30 | 42 |
| Withdrew: Lost to follow-up | 30 | 28 | 34 |
| Withdrew: Administrative reason | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| Withdrew: Protocol violation | 5 | 7 | 4 |
| Withdrew: Unable to classify | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| Withdrew: Adverse event | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Immune responses to MenACWY, as measured by the percentage of hSBA seroresponders, when given: (a) alone; (b) concomitantly with a Tetanus diphtheria acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccine and a Human Papillomavirus Recombinant (HPV) vaccine; and (c) when given one month after a Tdap vaccine. Seroresponse to MenACWY: For a subject with baseline hSBA titer \<1:4, seroresponse is defined as a postvaccination hSBA titer ≥ 1:8; for a subject with baseline hSBA titer ≥ 1:4, seroresponse is defined as a postvaccination hSBA titer of at least 4 times the baseline.
| Percentage of participants | MenACWY+Tdap+HPV | MenACWY→Tdap→HPV | Tdap →MenACWY → HPV |
|---|---|---|---|
| Serogroup A (N=494, 486, 458) | 80 (76 to 84) | 82 (78 to 85) | 87 (83 to 90) |
| Serogroup C (N=476, 472, 457) | 83 (79 to 86) | 84 (81 to 88) | 84 (80 to 87) |
| Serogroup W (N=487, 474, 458) | 77 (73 to 80) | 81 (77 to 84) | 65 (61 to 70) |
| Serogroup Y (N=493, 487, 460) | 83 (79 to 86) | 82 (79 to 86) | 78 (74 to 82) |
To compare the immune response to Tdap given concomitantly with MenACWY and HPV vaccine with the immune response to Tdap when administered alone
| Percentage of subjects | MenACWY+Tdap+HPV | MenACWY→Tdap→HPV | Tdap →MenACWY → HPV |
|---|---|---|---|
| Diphtheria | 100 (99 to 100) | 100 (99 to 100) | 98 (96 to 99) |
| Tetanus | 100 (99 to 100) | 100 (99 to 100) | 100 (99 to 100) |
The immune responses to the MenACWY conjugate vaccine, as measured by the hSBA Geometric Mean Titers (GMTs) when given: (a) alone, (b) concomitantly with the Tdap vaccine and the HPV vaccine, and (c) when given one month after the Tdap vaccine.
| Titers | MenACWY+Tdap+HPV | MenACWY→Tdap→HPV | Tdap → MenACWY→HPV |
|---|---|---|---|
| Serogroup A (N=494, 486, 458) | 62 (52 to 74) | 67 (56 to 80) | 95 (79 to 113) |
| Serogroup C (N=476, 472, 457) | 66 (56 to 77) | 70 (60 to 83) | 68 (58 to 79) |
| Serogroup W (N=487, 474, 458) | 146 (129 to 165) | 159 (140 to 181) | 104 (91 to 119) |
| Serogroup Y (N=493, 487, 460) | 72 (62 to 84) | 81 (70 to 95) | 57 (49 to 67) |
To compare the immune response of HPV vaccine given concomitantly with MenACWY and Tdap to the response when HPV vaccine is given alone. (Immune response against HPV virus-like particles (VLPs) for types 6, 11, 16, and 18 was measured at one month after the third HPV vaccination.) Anti-HPV Seroconversion (SC): SC was defined as negative (baseline HPV titer \< type-specific cut-off) for anti-HPV and anti-HPV ≥ an HPV type-specific cut-off at one month after the third HPV injection.
| Percentage of subjects | MenACWY+Tdap+HPV | HPV Alone |
|---|---|---|
| HPV 6 (N=361, 737) | 99 (98 to 100) | 100 (99 to 100) |
| HPV 11 (N=362, 744) | 100 (99 to 100) | 100 (99 to 100) |
| HPV 16 (N=360, 744) | 100 (99 to 100) | 100 (99 to 100) |
| HPV 18 (N=364, 743) | 100 (98 to 100) | 99 (99 to 100) |
To compare the immune response of HPV vaccine given concomitantly with MenACWY and Tdap to the response when HPV vaccine is given alone. (Immune response against HPV virus-like particles (VLPs) for types 6, 11, 16, and 18 was measured at one month after the third HPV vaccine vaccination.)
| Titers | MenACWY+Tdap+HPV | HPV Alone |
|---|---|---|
| HPV 6 (N=361, 737) | 1059 (926 to 1212) | 1461 (1327 to 1608) |
| HPV 11 (N=362, 744) | 1264 (1134 to 1408) | 1701 (1575 to 1837) |
| HPV 16 (N=360, 744) | 5286 (4705 to 5939) | 6590 (6068 to 7158) |
| HPV 18 (N=364, 743) | 908 (798 to 1032) | 1117 (1019 to 1224) |
The immune responses to MenACWY, as measured by the percentage of subjects with hSBA titer ≥ 1:8, hSBA titer ≥ 1:4, when given: (a) alone, (b) concomitantly with Tdap and HPV vaccine; and (c) when given one month after Tdap.
| Percentage of subjects | MenACWY+Tdap+HPV | MenACWY→Tdap→HPV | Tdap → MenACWY→HPV |
|---|---|---|---|
| Serogroup A hSBA ≥ 1:8 (N=494, 486, 458) | 81 (78 to 85) | 82 (79 to 86) | 89 (85 to 91) |
| Serogroup C hSBA ≥ 1:8 (N=476, 472, 457) | 92 (89 to 94) | 90 (87 to 93) | 93 (90 to 95) |
| Serogroup W hSBA ≥ 1:8 (N=487, 474, 458) | 98 (96 to 99) | 99 (98 to 100) | 95 (93 to 97) |
| Serogroup Y hSBA ≥ 1:8 (N=493, 487, 460) | 93 (90 to 95) | 93 (90 to 95) | 92 (90 to 95) |
| Serogroup A hSBA ≥ 1:4 (N=408, 404, 412) | 83 (79 to 86) | 83 (79 to 86) | 90 (87 to 93) |
| Serogroup C hSBA ≥ 1:4 (N=456, 447, 430) | 92 (90 to 94) | 92 (89 to 94) | 94 (92 to 96) |
| Serogroup W hSBA ≥ 1:4 (N=478, 471, 443) | 98 (97 to 99) | 99 (98 to 100) | 97 (95 to 98) |
| Serogroup Y hSBA ≥ 1:4 (N=465, 456, 438) | 94 (92 to 96) | 94 (91 to 96) | 95 (93 to 97) |
The immune response to the Tdap vaccine, as measured by the percentage of subjects with antidiphtheria and antitetanus toxin ≥1.0 IU/mL.
| Percentages of subjects | MenACWY+Tdap+HPV | MenACWY→Tdap→HPV | Tdap → MenACWY→HPV |
|---|---|---|---|
| Diphtheria (% ≥1.0 IU/mL) | 100 (99 to 100) | 100 (99 to 100) | 98 (96 to 99) |
| Tetanus (% ≥1.0 IU/mL) | 100 (99 to 100) | 100 (99 to 100) | 100 (99 to 100) |
To compare the immune response of Tdap, as measured by the antidiphtheria and antitetanus GMCs, when administered one month after the MenACWY vaccine with the immune response of the Tdap vaccine when administered alone.
| IU/mL | MenACWY+Tdap+HPV | MenACWY→Tdap→HPV | Tdap → MenACWY→HPV |
|---|---|---|---|
| Diphtheria | 37 (34 to 41) | 10 (9.12 to 12) | 10 (9.38 to 11) |
| Tetanus | 8.75 (8.23 to 9.3) | 12 (11 to 13) | 10 (9.46 to 11) |
To compare the immune response to Tdap administered one month after MenACWY with the immune response to Tdap administered alone.
| Titers | MenACWY+Tdap+HPV | MenACWY→Tdap→HPV | Tdap → MenACWY→HPV |
|---|---|---|---|
| Anti-PT (N=479, 451, 477) | 51 (47 to 55) | 79 (72 to 87) | 63 (58 to 69) |
| Anti-FHA (N=489, 457, 485) | 342 (310 to 376) | 1106 (989 to 1238) | 511 (464 to 563) |
| Anti-PRN (N=492, 458, 487) | 819 (727 to 923) | 1563 (1390 to 1758) | 1197 (1061 to 1350) |
To compare the immune response of Tdap, defined by the percentage of subjects with a 4-fold rise in antibody titer over baseline against PT, FHA, PRN, when administered one month after the MenACWY with the immune response of Tdap when administered alone.
| Percentages of subjects | MenACWY+Tdap+HPV | MenACWY→Tdap→HPV | Tdap → MenACWY→HPV |
|---|---|---|---|
| Anti-PT (N=479, 451, 477) | 83 (79 to 86) | 89 (86 to 92) | 86 (83 to 89) |
| Anti-FHA (N=489, 457, 485) | 67 (63 to 71) | 90 (87 to 93) | 78 (74 to 82) |
| Anti-PRN (N=492, 458, 487) | 86 (83 to 89) | 95 (92 to 97) | 89 (85 to 91) |
To compare the immune response of Tdap given concomitantly with MenACWY and HPV vaccine with the immune response of Tdap when administered alone
| IU/mL | MenACWY+Tdap+HPV | MenACWY→Tdap→HPV | Tdap →MenACWY → HPV |
|---|---|---|---|
| Anti-PT (N=479, 451, 477) | 51 (47 to 55) | 79 (72 to 87) | 63 (58 to 69) |
| Anti-FHA (N=489, 457, 485) | 342 (310 to 376) | 1106 (989 to 1238) | 511 (464 to 563) |
| Anti-PRN (N=492, 458, 487) | 819 (727 to 923) | 1563 (1390 to 1758) | 1197 (1061 to 1350) |
Number of subjects with specified local and systemic reactions were assessed when MenACWY was given alone, one month after Tdap, and concomitantly with Tdap and HPV vaccine.
| Subjects | MenACWY+Tdap+HPV | MenACWY→Tdap → HPV | Tdap → MenACWY →HPV |
|---|---|---|---|
| Injection site pain MenACWY | 263 | 246 | 239 |
| Injection site pain Tdap | 367 | 310 | 383 |
| Injection site erythema MenACWY | 68 | 66 | 64 |
| Injection site erythema Tdap | 78 | 38 | 70 |
| Injection site induration MenACWY | 68 | 70 | 63 |
| Injection site induration Tdap | 90 | 64 | 110 |
| Chills post-vaccination 1 | 77 | 66 | 70 |
| Chills post-vaccination 2 | 0 | 42 | 45 |
| Nausea post-vaccination 1 | 88 | 72 | 82 |
| Nausea post-vaccination 2 | 0 | 42 | 64 |
| Malaise post-vaccination 1 | 133 | 110 | 115 |
| Malaise post-vaccination 2 | 0 | 91 | 88 |
| Myalgia post-vaccination 1 | 146 | 104 | 142 |
| Myalgia post-vaccination 2 | 0 | 81 | 82 |
| Arthralgia post-vaccination 1 | 94 | 62 | 76 |
| Arthralgia post-vaccination 2 | 0 | 52 | 52 |
| Headache post-vaccination 1 | 217 | 194 | 200 |
| Headache post-vaccination 2 | 0 | 125 | 138 |
| Rash post-vaccination 1 | 21 | 17 | 20 |
| Rash post-vaccination 2 | 0 | 15 | 13 |
| Fever ≥ 38°Celsius post-vaccination 1 | 27 | 19 | 17 |
| Fever ≥ 38°Celsius post-vaccination 2 | 0 | 25 | 30 |
| Analgesic/Antipyretic Med. Used post-vaccination 1 | 110 | 83 | 96 |
| Analgesic/Antipyretic Med. Used post-vaccination 2 | 0 | 58 | 49 |
Number of subjects with specified local and systemic reactions were solicited for 7 days after the HPV vaccination.
| Subjects | MenACWY+Tdap+HPV | MenACWY→Tdap→HPV | Tdap → MenACWY → HPV |
|---|---|---|---|
| Injection site pain postvaccination 1 | 265 | 180 | 204 |
| Injection site erythema postvaccination 1 | 74 | 36 | 42 |
| Injection site induration postvaccination 1 | 54 | 27 | 26 |
| Injection site pain (N=498, 483, 468) postvac 2 | 208 | 208 | 189 |
| Injection site erythema postvaccination 2 | 62 | 48 | 57 |
| Injection site induration postvaccination 2 | 46 | 37 | 50 |
| Injection site pain postvaccination 3 | 229 | 227 | 208 |
| Injection site erythema postvaccination 3 | 60 | 56 | 55 |
| Injection site induration postvaccination 3 | 60 | 47 | 48 |
| Chills postvaccination 1 | 77 | 27 | 30 |
| Nausea postvaccination 1 | 88 | 39 | 32 |
| Malaise postvaccination 1 | 133 | 49 | 55 |
| Myalgia postvaccination 1 | 146 | 32 | 56 |
| Arthralgia postvaccination 1 | 94 | 33 | 28 |
| Headache postvaccination 1 | 217 | 93 | 97 |
| Rash postvaccination 1 | 21 | 7 | 6 |
| Fever (≥ 38°C) postvaccination 1 | 27 | 21 | 23 |
| Stayed home postvaccination 1 | 110 | 26 | 34 |
| Chills postvaccination 2 | 23 | 22 | 26 |
| Nausea postvaccination 2 | 38 | 30 | 29 |
| Malaise postvaccination 2 | 53 | 45 | 34 |
| Myalgia postvaccination 2 | 42 | 38 | 51 |
| Arthralgia postvaccination 2 | 30 | 28 | 21 |
| Headache postvaccination 2 | 88 | 78 | 71 |
| Rash postvaccination 2 | 4 | 11 | 9 |
| Fever (≥ 38°C) postvaccination 2 | 17 | 22 | 22 |
| Chills postvaccination 3 | 22 | 24 | 25 |
| Nausea postvaccination 3 | 32 | 35 | 34 |
| Malaise postvaccination 3 | 49 | 50 | 41 |
| Myalgia postvaccination 3 | 53 | 49 | 37 |
| Arthralgia postvaccination 3 | 37 | 26 | 30 |
| Headache postvaccination 3 | 79 | 85 | 79 |
| Rash postvaccination 3 | 9 | 7 | 10 |
| Fever (≥ 38°C) postvaccination 3 | 20 | 16 | 25 |
Collected over During the 30-day period following each vaccination.. Non-serious events are listed at a 5% frequency threshold.
| Group | Deaths | Serious | Other |
|---|---|---|---|
| MenACWY+Tdap+HPV | — | 1/540 (0.2%) | 495/540 (91.7%) |
| MenACWY→Tdap→HPV | — | 7/541 (1.3%) | 489/541 (90.4%) |
| Tdap → MenACWY → HPV | — | 3/539 (0.6%) | 482/539 (89.4%) |
| Event | MenACWY+Tdap+HPV | MenACWY→Tdap→HPV | Tdap → MenACWY → HPV |
|---|---|---|---|
| APPENDICITISInfections and infestations | 0/540 | 2/541 | 0/539 |
| ROAD TRAFFIC ACCIDENTInjury, poisoning and procedural complications | 0/540 | 0/541 | 1/539 |
| ABORTION SPONTANEOUSPregnancy, puerperium and perinatal conditions | 0/540 | 1/541 | 1/539 |
| HYDRONEPHROSISRenal and urinary disorders | 0/540 | 0/541 | 1/539 |
| CUSHING'S SYNDROMEEndocrine disorders | 1/540 | 0/541 | 0/539 |
| PITUITARY TUMOUR BENIGNNeoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified (incl cysts and polyps) | 1/540 | 0/541 | 0/539 |
| BEZOARGastrointestinal disorders | 0/540 | 1/541 | 0/539 |
| HAEMORRHAGIC OVARIAN CYSTReproductive system and breast disorders | 0/540 | 1/541 | 0/539 |
| TESTICULAR TORSIONReproductive system and breast disorders | 0/540 | 1/541 | 0/539 |
| BEHCET'S SYNDROMEVascular disorders | 0/540 | 1/541 | 0/539 |
| Event | MenACWY+Tdap+HPV | MenACWY→Tdap→HPV | Tdap → MenACWY → HPV |
|---|---|---|---|
| INJECTION SITE PAIN HPVGeneral disorders | 387/540 | 320/541 | 313/539 |
| INJECTION SITE PAIN TdapGeneral disorders | 368/540 | 310/541 | 383/539 |
| HEADACHENervous system disorders | 260/540 | 284/541 | 278/539 |
| INJECTION SITE PAIN MENVEOGeneral disorders | 264/540 | 246/541 | 239/539 |
| MALAISEGeneral disorders | 171/540 | 209/541 | 194/539 |
| MYALGIAMusculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders | 178/540 | 187/541 | 200/539 |
| NAUSEAGastrointestinal disorders | 124/540 | 133/541 | 142/539 |
| INJECTION SITE ERYTHEMA HPVGeneral disorders | 134/540 | 105/541 | 101/539 |
| ARTHRALGIAMusculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders | 119/540 | 132/541 | 131/539 |
| CHILLSGeneral disorders | 100/540 | 117/541 | 130/539 |
| Age, Continuous(years) | MenACWY+Tdap+HPV | MenACWY→Tdap→HPV | Tdap →MenACWY → HPV | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | 13.9 ± 2.1 | 13.9 ± 2.2 | 13.8 ± 2.2 | 13.9 ± 2.1 |
| Sex: Female, Male(Participants) | MenACWY+Tdap+HPV | MenACWY→Tdap→HPV | Tdap →MenACWY → HPV | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Female | 308 | 309 | 307 | 924 |
| Male | 232 | 232 | 232 | 696 |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized(participants) | MenACWY+Tdap+HPV | MenACWY→Tdap→HPV | Tdap →MenACWY → HPV | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hispanic | 539 | 541 | 539 | 1619 |
| Black | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
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