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TerminatedNCT00442507OSI3650Updated Jul 24, 2015Results posted

Erlotinib and Avastin in Patients With Cancer of the Esophagus or Gastroesophageal Junction

A Phase 2 interventional study of Erlotinib and Avastin in Esophageal Neoplasms and Esophageal Diseases, sponsored by Washington University School of Medicine. Terminated at 1 site in United States. Open to participants aged 18 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2015-07-24.

Sponsored by Washington University School of Medicine · Phase 2, Interventional, and Treatment

Why this study was terminated
Slow accrual
Phase
Phase 2
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
6
Allocation
Non-randomized
Ages
18 Years and older
Sex
All
01

Study summary

Determine the time to progression for the combination of erlotinib and bevacizumab in patients with previously treated metastatic cancer of the esophagus or gastroesophageal junction

Read the detailed description

We postulate that the addition of bevacizumab may increase the efficacy of erlotinib in patients with metastatic esophageal cancer, without adding significant toxicity. The non-overlapping toxicity profiles may allow the administration of the maximum tolerated doses for both agents without additive toxicities with the goal of demonstrating synergistic clinical activity. This combination has been previously tested in two studies for other malignancies with good tolerance and encouraging results.

02

Conditions studied

  • Esophageal Neoplasms
  • Esophageal Diseases

Keywords

  • Esophagus
  • Esophagogastric Junction
  • Avastin
  • Bevacizumab
  • Erlotinib
03

In context

Esophageal Neoplasms

1,593 studies on the registry are indexed under Esophageal Neoplasms; 461 are open to participants now.

This study's enrollment of 6 is below the median of 58 across 1,171 interventional studies indexed under Esophageal Neoplasms.

Browse Esophageal Neoplasms studies →

Lead sponsor

Washington University School of Medicine is the lead sponsor of 1,765 studies on the registry; 271 are open to participants now.

Of its 324 completed or terminated interventional studies of FDA-regulated products, 212 (65%) have results posted.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years and older
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Inclusion criteria

  • Biopsy proven adenocarcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus or gastroesophageal junction.
  • Metastatic or advanced inoperable disease previously treated with one prior chemotherapy regimen
  • Age greater than 18 years.
  • Performance status ECOG 0 to 1.
  • Adequate hepatic and renal function, defined as:

    • Serum creatinine \<= 3.0 mg/dL;
    • Creatinine clearance >= 45 mL/min.
    • Bilirubin \<= 1.5 x institutional normal;
    • ALT/AST \<= 3 x institutional normal.
  • Patients must have measurable disease. Measurable disease is defined as at least one lesion that can be accurately measured in at least one dimension. The longest diameter of measurable lesions must be >= 20 mm with conventional techniques or >= 10 mm with spiral CT scan. Lesions that are not considered measurable include: bone lesions, leptomeningeal disease, brain lesions, ascites, pericardial or pleural effusion, and tumors situated in a previously irradiated area.
  • Use of effective means of contraception for both male and female patients with child-bearing potential.
  • A 1 month wash-out period is required for all patients entering this study from a previous treatment regimen

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Previous use of anti-EGFR or anti-VEGF therapy.
  • Previous history of cancer. The patient with a prior malignancy is eligible for this study only if the patient meets the following criteria for a cancer survivor. A cancer survivor is eligible provided the following criteria are met: (1) patient has undergone potentially curative therapy for all prior malignancies, (2) patients have been considered disease free for at least 5 years (with the exception of basal cell or squamous cell carcinoma of the skin or carcinoma-in-situ of the cervix).
  • Major surgical procedure, open biopsy, or significant traumatic injury within 28 days prior to day 0; or anticipation of the need for major surgical procedure during the course of the study. (In the case of high risk procedures such as liver resection, thoracotomy, or neurosurgery, it is recommended that patient delay treatment with chemotherapy for at least 6 weeks and with bevacizumab at least 8 weeks after surgery).
  • Radiation therapy within the last 2 weeks.
  • Presence of central nervous system or brain metastases at any time.
  • Serious, non-healing wound, ulcer, or bone fracture
  • History of abdominal fistula, gastrointestinal perforation, or intra-abdominal abscess within 6 months prior to day 0; and/or minor surgical procedures such as fine needle aspiration or core biopsies within 7 days prior to day 0.
  • Presence of coagulopathy or clinical history of significant hematemesis, melena, or hemoptysis related to the diagnosis of esophageal cancer.
  • Previous history of deep venous thrombosis or thromboembolic disease.
  • Urine protein/urine creatinine ratio ≥ 1.0 at screening.
  • Pregnant or lactating.
  • Unstable angina or history of myocardial infarction within the last 6 months.
  • History of stroke within the last 6 months.
  • Uncontrolled hypertension with blood pressure persistently > 150/100 mmHg despite optimal antihypertensive therapy.
  • Clinically significant peripheral vascular disease.
  • Congestive heart failure with New York Heart Association grades III or IV (see appendix B).
  • Inability to complete the study and follow-up procedures.
  • Participation in therapeutic clinical trials or currently receiving other investigational treatment(s) within 30 days prior to enrollment
05

Study design

Phase
Phase 2
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Non-randomized
Intervention model
Single group
Masking
None (open label)
Enrollment
6 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    1

    Patients will be treated with erlotinib 150 mg oral daily and Avastin 15 mg/kg intravenously each cycle of therapy (each cycle is 21 days or every 3 weeks). The first infusion of Avastin will be administered over 90 minutes. If tolerated, the second infusion will be given over 60 minutes and in 30 minutes for the subsequent treatments. Treatment will be administered until disease progression or intolerable side effects.

    Drug: Erlotinib · Drug: Avastin

Interventions

  • DrugErlotinib

    Also known as: Avastin

  • DrugAvastin
06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Time to Progression (TTP)

    * TTP is defined as the time from initiation of treatment to the date of documented progression. * The median of TTP with 95% confidence interval will be presented. * Progressive disease (target lesions) is defined as at least a 20% increase in the sum of the longest diameter of the target lesions taking as reference the smallest sum longest diameter recorded since the treatment started or the appearance of one or more new lesions. * Progressive disease (non-target lesions) is defined as appearance of one or more new lesions. Unequivocal progression of existing non-target lesions.

    Time frame: Median follow-up for TTP 6 weeks (6-18 weeks)

Secondary outcomes

  1. Overall Survival Rate (OS)

    OS is defined as the time from initiation of treatment to the date of death for any reason.

    Time frame: Median followup time from completion of treatment 325.5 days (44-401 days)

  2. Response Rate (Complete Response (CR), Partial Response (PR), and CR+PR)

    * CR = disappearance of all target lesions * PR = at least a 30% decrease in the sum of the LD of the target lesions taking as reference the baseline sum LD.

    Time frame: Median follow-up for response 6 weeks (6-18 weeks)

  3. Incidence and Severity of Toxicities

    Grade 3 and higher toxicities using CTCAE Version 3.0.

    Time frame: Median follow-up time for toxicities 72 days (72 days-156 days)

07

Results

Posted Jul 3, 2015

Participant flow

The study opened to participant accrual on 03/16/2007 and closed to participant accrual on 01/21/2009.

Participant flow — Overall Study
MilestoneErlotinib and Avastin
Started6
Completed6
Not completed0

Outcome measures

PrimaryTime to Progression (TTP)

* TTP is defined as the time from initiation of treatment to the date of documented progression. * The median of TTP with 95% confidence interval will be presented. * Progressive disease (target lesions) is defined as at least a 20% increase in the sum of the longest diameter of the target lesions taking as reference the smallest sum longest diameter recorded since the treatment started or the appearance of one or more new lesions. * Progressive disease (non-target lesions) is defined as appearance of one or more new lesions. Unequivocal progression of existing non-target lesions.

Time frame:
Median follow-up for TTP 6 weeks (6-18 weeks)
Reported as:
Median · months
Time to Progression (TTP)
monthsErlotinib and Avastin
Time to Progression (TTP)4.2 (1.4 to 13.4)
SecondaryOverall Survival Rate (OS)

OS is defined as the time from initiation of treatment to the date of death for any reason.

Time frame:
Median followup time from completion of treatment 325.5 days (44-401 days)
Reported as:
Median · months
Overall Survival Rate (OS)
monthsErlotinib and Avastin
Overall Survival Rate (OS)10.7 (1.4 to 13.1)
SecondaryResponse Rate (Complete Response (CR), Partial Response (PR), and CR+PR)

* CR = disappearance of all target lesions * PR = at least a 30% decrease in the sum of the LD of the target lesions taking as reference the baseline sum LD.

Time frame:
Median follow-up for response 6 weeks (6-18 weeks)
Reported as:
Number · participants
Response Rate (Complete Response (CR), Partial Response (PR), and CR+PR)
participantsErlotinib and Avastin
Complete response0
Partial response0
SecondaryIncidence and Severity of Toxicities

Grade 3 and higher toxicities using CTCAE Version 3.0.

Time frame:
Median follow-up time for toxicities 72 days (72 days-156 days)
Reported as:
Number · participants
Incidence and Severity of Toxicities
participantsErlotinib and Avastin
Coagulation: Other, IVC Clot1
Death - Disease Progression NOS1
Diarrhea1
GI: Abdominal hemorrhage, NOS1
Pneumonia1
Hypernatremia1
Confusion1

Adverse events

Non-serious events are listed at a 0% frequency threshold.

Adverse event summary by group
GroupDeathsSeriousOther
Erlotinib and Avastin—2/6 (33.3%)6/6 (100%)
Most frequent serious events
Most frequent serious events
EventErlotinib and Avastin
DehydrationGastrointestinal disorders2/6
DiarrheaGastrointestinal disorders2/6
C. difficile colitisInfections and infestations2/6
ConfusionNervous system disorders1/6
Death - Disease Progression NOSGeneral disorders1/6
Coagulation: Other, IVC ClotCardiac disorders1/6
PneumoniaInfections and infestations1/6
Most frequent other events
Showing 10 of 45
Most frequent other events
EventErlotinib and Avastin
RashSkin and subcutaneous tissue disorders5/6
NauseaGastrointestinal disorders4/6
FatigueGeneral disorders2/6
AnorexiaMetabolism and nutrition disorders2/6
VomitingGastrointestinal disorders2/6
LymphopeniaInvestigations2/6
Urinary tract infectionInfections and infestations2/6
HyperkalemiaMetabolism and nutrition disorders2/6
Alkaline phosphataseMetabolism and nutrition disorders2/6
DizzinessNervous system disorders2/6

Baseline characteristics

Age, Continuous
Age, Continuous(years)Erlotinib and Avastin
Median63.5 (42 to 67)
Sex: Female, Male
Sex: Female, Male(Participants)Erlotinib and Avastin
Female1
Male5
Region of Enrollment
Region of Enrollment(participants)Erlotinib and Avastin
United States6
08

Study locations

1 site
  • Washington University School of Medicine
    St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
09

References and documents

Publications

  • Jemal A, Murray T, Ward E, Samuels A, Tiwari RC, Ghafoor A, Feuer EJ, Thun MJ. Cancer statistics, 2005. CA Cancer J Clin. 2005 Jan-Feb;55(1):10-30. doi: 10.3322/canjclin.55.1.10. Erratum In: CA Cancer J Clin. 2005 Jul-Aug;55(4):259. PubMed 15661684 ↗
  • Shah MA, Schwartz GK. Treatment of metastatic esophagus and gastric cancer. Semin Oncol. 2004 Aug;31(4):574-87. doi: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2004.04.013. PubMed 15297948 ↗
  • Heath EI, Urba S, Marshall J, Piantadosi S, Forastiere AA. Phase II trial of docetaxel chemotherapy in patients with incurable adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. Invest New Drugs. 2002 Feb;20(1):95-9. doi: 10.1023/a:1014476602804. PubMed 12003198 ↗
  • Conroy T, Etienne PL, Adenis A, Wagener DJ, Paillot B, Francois E, Bedenne L, Jacob JH, Seitz JF, Bleiberg H, Van Pottelsberghe C, Van Glabbeke M, Delgado FM, Merle S, Wils J. Phase II trial of vinorelbine in metastatic squamous cell esophageal carcinoma. European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Gastrointestinal Treat Cancer Cooperative Group. J Clin Oncol. 1996 Jan;14(1):164-70. doi: 10.1200/JCO.1996.14.1.164. PubMed 8558192 ↗
  • Lordick F, von Schilling C, Bernhard H, Hennig M, Bredenkamp R, Peschel C. Phase II trial of irinotecan plus docetaxel in cisplatin-pretreated relapsed or refractory oesophageal cancer. Br J Cancer. 2003 Aug 18;89(4):630-3. doi: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6601168. PubMed 12915869 ↗
  • Mendelsohn J, Baselga J. Status of epidermal growth factor receptor antagonists in the biology and treatment of cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2003 Jul 15;21(14):2787-99. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2003.01.504. PubMed 12860957 ↗
  • Baselga J, Arteaga CL. Critical update and emerging trends in epidermal growth factor receptor targeting in cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2005 Apr 10;23(11):2445-59. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2005.11.890. Epub 2005 Mar 7. Erratum In: J Clin Oncol. 2005 Sep 1;23(25):6281. PubMed 15753456 ↗
  • Johnson JR, Cohen M, Sridhara R, Chen YF, Williams GM, Duan J, Gobburu J, Booth B, Benson K, Leighton J, Hsieh LS, Chidambaram N, Zimmerman P, Pazdur R. Approval summary for erlotinib for treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer after failure of at least one prior chemotherapy regimen. Clin Cancer Res. 2005 Sep 15;11(18):6414-21. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-05-0790. PubMed 16166415 ↗
  • Shepherd FA, Rodrigues Pereira J, Ciuleanu T, Tan EH, Hirsh V, Thongprasert S, Campos D, Maoleekoonpiroj S, Smylie M, Martins R, van Kooten M, Dediu M, Findlay B, Tu D, Johnston D, Bezjak A, Clark G, Santabarbara P, Seymour L; National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group. Erlotinib in previously treated non-small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med. 2005 Jul 14;353(2):123-32. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa050753. PubMed 16014882 ↗
  • Folkman J. Tumor angiogenesis: therapeutic implications. N Engl J Med. 1971 Nov 18;285(21):1182-6. doi: 10.1056/NEJM197111182852108. No abstract available. PubMed 4938153 ↗
  • Folkman J. What is the evidence that tumors are angiogenesis dependent? J Natl Cancer Inst. 1990 Jan 3;82(1):4-6. doi: 10.1093/jnci/82.1.4. No abstract available. PubMed 1688381 ↗
  • Ferrara N, Keyt B. Vascular endothelial growth factor: basic biology and clinical implications. EXS. 1997;79:209-32. doi: 10.1007/978-3-0348-9006-9_9. No abstract available. PubMed 9002234 ↗
  • Borgstrom P, Gold DP, Hillan KJ, Ferrara N. Importance of VEGF for breast cancer angiogenesis in vivo: implications from intravital microscopy of combination treatments with an anti-VEGF neutralizing monoclonal antibody and doxorubicin. Anticancer Res. 1999 Sep-Oct;19(5B):4203-14. PubMed 10628376 ↗
  • Presta LG, Chen H, O'Connor SJ, Chisholm V, Meng YG, Krummen L, Winkler M, Ferrara N. Humanization of an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor monoclonal antibody for the therapy of solid tumors and other disorders. Cancer Res. 1997 Oct 15;57(20):4593-9. PubMed 9377574 ↗
  • Petit AM, Rak J, Hung MC, Rockwell P, Goldstein N, Fendly B, Kerbel RS. Neutralizing antibodies against epidermal growth factor and ErbB-2/neu receptor tyrosine kinases down-regulate vascular endothelial growth factor production by tumor cells in vitro and in vivo: angiogenic implications for signal transduction therapy of solid tumors. Am J Pathol. 1997 Dec;151(6):1523-30. PubMed 9403702 ↗
  • Hirata A, Ogawa S, Kometani T, Kuwano T, Naito S, Kuwano M, Ono M. ZD1839 (Iressa) induces antiangiogenic effects through inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase. Cancer Res. 2002 May 1;62(9):2554-60. PubMed 11980649 ↗
  • Ciardiello F, Caputo R, Damiano V, Caputo R, Troiani T, Vitagliano D, Carlomagno F, Veneziani BM, Fontanini G, Bianco AR, Tortora G. Antitumor effects of ZD6474, a small molecule vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, with additional activity against epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase. Clin Cancer Res. 2003 Apr;9(4):1546-56. PubMed 12684431 ↗
  • Jung YD, Mansfield PF, Akagi M, Takeda A, Liu W, Bucana CD, Hicklin DJ, Ellis LM. Effects of combination anti-vascular endothelial growth factor receptor and anti-epidermal growth factor receptor therapies on the growth of gastric cancer in a nude mouse model. Eur J Cancer. 2002 May;38(8):1133-40. doi: 10.1016/s0959-8049(02)00013-8. PubMed 12008203 ↗
  • Shaheen RM, Ahmad SA, Liu W, Reinmuth N, Jung YD, Tseng WW, Drazan KE, Bucana CD, Hicklin DJ, Ellis LM. Inhibited growth of colon cancer carcinomatosis by antibodies to vascular endothelial and epidermal growth factor receptors. Br J Cancer. 2001 Aug 17;85(4):584-9. doi: 10.1054/bjoc.2001.1936. PubMed 11506500 ↗
  • Tew WP, Kelsen DP, Ilson DH. Targeted therapies for esophageal cancer. Oncologist. 2005 Sep;10(8):590-601. doi: 10.1634/theoncologist.10-8-590. PubMed 16177283 ↗
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Updates

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Jul 24, 2015, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
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Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT00442507
Lead sponsor
Washington University School of Medicine
Responsible party
Sponsor
First posted
Mar 2, 2007
Start date
Mar 2007
Primary completion
Jan 2009
Completion
Jan 2009
Results posted
Jul 3, 2015
Last update
Jul 24, 2015

Study contacts

Daniel Morgensztern, M.D.
principal investigator · Washington University School of Medicine

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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