A Phase 1 interventional study of nicardipine in Intracerebral Hemorrhage, Hypertension and Stroke, sponsored by University of Minnesota. Completed at 12 sites in United States. Open to participants aged 18 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2017-11-21.
Sponsored by University of Minnesota · Phase 1, Interventional, and Treatment
The purpose of this trial is to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of lowering blood pressure using nicardipine in persons with acute hypertension associated with intracerebral hemorrhage.
An estimated 37,000 to 52,400 people in the United States have intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) every year. ICH--a form of stroke that has poor outcome and is difficult to treat--is associated with the highest mortality rate of all strokes. Hematoma expansion has been identified as the most common cause of neurological deterioration in persons with ICH. Early evidence suggests that acute hypertension (HTN)-or elevated blood pressure-may make some individuals more susceptible to hematoma expansion. Treating HTN acutely may prevent hematoma expansion, however, the effect of aggressive HTN treatment has not been determined.
The purpose of this trial is to evaluate the treatment feasibility and safety of lowering blood pressure using nicardipine--an antihypertensive medication--in persons who have acute HTN associated with ICH.
This pilot study will enroll 60 individuals who qualify with a presenting systolic blood pressure of at least 170 mmHg, have an ICH, and can be evaluated and treatment initiated within 6 hours of onset of stroke symptoms. In a stepwise fashion, the scientists will investigate the potential consequences of controlling blood pressure with intravenous nicardipine at 3 sequential levels: 170 to 200 mmHg, 140 to 170 mmHg, and 110 to 140 mmHg. Twenty participants will be enrolled per level.
Treatment will last 18 to 24 hours. Participants will stay in the hospital for about 7 days (including 24 hours in the intensive care unit for close monitoring) and will return for 1-hour follow-up visits at 30 days and at 90 days after discharge from the hospital. During these visits participants will receive neurological assessments to determine their functional outcome. For participants, the study will be completed after the 90-day follow-up visit.
476 studies on the registry are indexed under Cerebral Hemorrhage; 181 are open to participants now.
This study's enrollment of 60 is below the median of 100 across 287 interventional studies indexed under Cerebral Hemorrhage.
Browse Cerebral Hemorrhage studies →University of Minnesota is the lead sponsor of 1,184 studies on the registry; 195 are open to participants now.
Of its 132 completed or terminated interventional studies of FDA-regulated products, 91 (69%) have results posted.
Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.
Exclusion Criteria:
Dose escalation: The scientists will investigate the potential consequences of controlling blood pressure with intravenous nicardipine to a range between 170 to 200 mmHg. Treatment with nicardipine must begin within 6 hours of symptom onset and will continue for an estimated 18 - 24 hours, until SBP is stabilized. The assigned SBP range will be maintained for 24 hours. After 24 hours, management of blood pressure is at the discretion of the primary physician.
Drug: nicardipine
Dose escalation: The scientists will investigate the potential consequences of controlling blood pressure with intravenous nicardipine to a range between 140 to 170 mmHg. Treatment with nicardipine must begin within 6 hours of symptom onset and will continue for an estimated 18 - 24 hours, until SBP is stabilized. The assigned SBP range will be maintained for 24 hours. After 24 hours, management of blood pressure is at the discretion of the primary physician.
Drug: nicardipine
Dose escalation: The scientists will investigate the potential consequences of controlling blood pressure with intravenous nicardipine to a range between 110 to 140 mmHg. Treatment with nicardipine must begin within 6 hours of symptom onset and will continue for an estimated 18 - 24 hours, until SBP is stabilized. The assigned SBP range will be maintained for 24 hours. After 24 hours, management of blood pressure is at the discretion of the primary physician.
Drug: nicardipine
Intravenous (IV) nicardipine infusion. It is expected that the treatment duration will vary between 18 and 24 hours. * Started at 5mg/h * Titrated by 2.5mg/hour every 15 minutes to bring systolic blood pressure in target range for the applicable Tier. Max dose 15mg/hour \*Once target systolic blood pressure reached, dose decreased by 2.5mg/hour every 15 minutes until systolic blood pressure maintained in the target range or the medication is discontinued.
Also known as: Cardene, nicardipine hydrochloride
Particpants Who Achieve and Maintain the Systolic Blood Pressure Goals for Each Treatment Tier.
Feasibility of treatment was assessed by whether SBP reduction and maintenance within the respective target range was achieved (treatment success) or not (treatment failure), and secondarily by whether a significant difference between treatment arms was achieved. Treatment failure was defined based on the observed hourly hourly minimum SBP remaining greater than the upper limit of the target range for 2 consecutive hours after initiation of nicardipine infusion. Spontaneous decline of SBP below the lower limit of the specific tier was not considered treatment failure as all such declines were asymptomatic.The lower number in the more intensive treatment groups reflects in part the greater challenge of rapidly lowering systolic blood pressure to a more intensive (lower) range, as a higher number of treatment failures as pre-defined by meeting the SBP range goal within 3 hours of symptom onset in this group predictably occurred.
Time frame: Within 3 hours of symptom onset and sustained through 18-24 hours.
Number of Participants With Neurological Deteriorations (Decrease of 2 or More Points on the GCS Score or an Increase of 4 or More Points on the NIHSS Score) During the 24 Hour Treatment",
Neurological status was monitored quantitatively and independently of other adverse events using two scales. The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score measures level of consciousness in eye, motor, and verbal components. At least one point is given in each category. The scale ranges from 3 to 15, with 3 indicating deep unconsciousness and 15 indicating consciousness is not impaired. The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) quantifies neurologic deficits in 11 categories. Level of consciousness, horizontal eye movements, visual fields, facial palsy, movement in each limb, sensation, language and speech, and extinction or inattention on one side of the body are tested. Scores range from 0 to 42; 0 indicates normal function and higher scores indicate greater deficit severity.
Time frame: within the first 72 hours of treatment initiation
Total Number of Serious Adverse Events Within the Initial 72 Hours From Treatment Per Subject
Serious adverse events were ascertained by site investigators using FDA-defined guidelines, defined as any untoward clinical events having been fatal, life-threatening, resulting in new or prolonged hospitalization, resulting in disability or congenital anomaly, or requiring intervention to prevent permanent impairment or damage. Subjects were followed closely from randomization through 90 days. The initial 72-hour period was chosen as the most meaningful time period for which to examine SAEs likely to be related to the acute safety of the study treatment.
Time frame: from treatment initiation through 72 hours
Particpants Who Tolerate Rapid Systolic Blood Pressure Reduction and Maintain Treatment Goals
The ability to maintain the Specified Systolic Blood Pressure Range for the 18-24 Hour Period without Neurological Deterioration or Side Effects
Time frame: 3 months
Particpants Who Achieve Reduction of Blood Pressure and Maintain Treatment Goals (the Specified Systolic Blood Pressure Range for the 18-24 Hour Period) Without Neurological Deterioration or Side Effects Resulting in Death.
The tolerability of the study treatment was further ascertained by examination of in-hospital, 1-month, or 3-month mortality in each treatment group. This pilot study was not powered (did not plan to enroll an adequate number of patients) to draw meaningful conclusions about individual adverse event categories, outcome measures, or to make comparisons between the treatment arms beyond the overall feasibility and tolerability of rapidly and significantly lowering SBP following intracerebral hemorrhage. The timing and magnitude of SBP reduction was also compared to the timing of individual safety events to further evaluate possible relationships between the study treatment, adverse events, and any recognizable safety concerns. This information is available in publication but is not able to be displayed on this website due to formatting restrictions.
Time frame: From enrollment through 3 months
Patients 18 years and older presenting to site hospital ED and ICU areas within 6 hours of symptom onset for ≤ 60 cc volume intracerebral hemorrhage, with GCS ≥ 8, systolic blood pressure ≥ 170 mmHg and meeting all inclusion/exclusion criteria were enrolled following consent by themselves or a family member/legally authorized representative.
| Milestone | Tier 1 | Tier 2 | Tier 3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Started | 18 | 20 | 22 |
| Completed | 15 | 18 | 17 |
| Not completed | 3 | 2 | 5 |
| Withdrew: Death | 3 | 2 | 5 |
Feasibility of treatment was assessed by whether SBP reduction and maintenance within the respective target range was achieved (treatment success) or not (treatment failure), and secondarily by whether a significant difference between treatment arms was achieved. Treatment failure was defined based on the observed hourly hourly minimum SBP remaining greater than the upper limit of the target range for 2 consecutive hours after initiation of nicardipine infusion. Spontaneous decline of SBP below the lower limit of the specific tier was not considered treatment failure as all such declines were asymptomatic.The lower number in the more intensive treatment groups reflects in part the greater challenge of rapidly lowering systolic blood pressure to a more intensive (lower) range, as a higher number of treatment failures as pre-defined by meeting the SBP range goal within 3 hours of symptom onset in this group predictably occurred.
| participants | Tier 1 | Tier 2 | Tier 3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Meeting Criteria of initial SBP > 170 mmHg | 18 | 20 | 22 |
| Number treated within 3 hours of symptom onset | 7 | 5 | 6 |
| Treatment Failure, SBP not in range by 2 hours | 0 | 0 | 9 |
Neurological status was monitored quantitatively and independently of other adverse events using two scales. The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score measures level of consciousness in eye, motor, and verbal components. At least one point is given in each category. The scale ranges from 3 to 15, with 3 indicating deep unconsciousness and 15 indicating consciousness is not impaired. The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) quantifies neurologic deficits in 11 categories. Level of consciousness, horizontal eye movements, visual fields, facial palsy, movement in each limb, sensation, language and speech, and extinction or inattention on one side of the body are tested. Scores range from 0 to 42; 0 indicates normal function and higher scores indicate greater deficit severity.
| participants | Tier 1 | Tier 2 | Tier 3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Number of Participants With Neurological Deteriorations (Decrease of 2 or More Points on the GCS Score or an Increase of 4 or More Points on the NIHSS Score) During the 24 Hour Treatment", | 1 | 2 | 4 |
Serious adverse events were ascertained by site investigators using FDA-defined guidelines, defined as any untoward clinical events having been fatal, life-threatening, resulting in new or prolonged hospitalization, resulting in disability or congenital anomaly, or requiring intervention to prevent permanent impairment or damage. Subjects were followed closely from randomization through 90 days. The initial 72-hour period was chosen as the most meaningful time period for which to examine SAEs likely to be related to the acute safety of the study treatment.
| Participants | Tier 1 | Tier 2 | Tier 3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Total Number of Serious Adverse Events Within the Initial 72 Hours From Treatment Per Subject | 0 | 1 | 3 |
The ability to maintain the Specified Systolic Blood Pressure Range for the 18-24 Hour Period without Neurological Deterioration or Side Effects
| participants | Tier 1 | Tier 2 | Tier 3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| N with SAE within 72 hours | 0 | 1 | 3 |
| N with neurologic deterioration within 24 hours | 1 | 2 | 4 |
| N with symptomatic hematoma expansion | 0 | 1 | 4 |
| N with asymptomatic hematoma expansion | 6 | 2 | 3 |
| N with in-hospital mortality | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| N with 3-month mortality | 3 | 2 | 5 |
| N with 1-month favorable outcome, mRS 0-2 | 4 | 6 | 4 |
| N missing for 1-month outcome assessment | 3 | 3 | 2 |
| N with 3-month favorable outcome, mRS 0-2 | 8 | 9 | 7 |
| N missing for 3-month outcome assessment | 3 | 4 | 2 |
The tolerability of the study treatment was further ascertained by examination of in-hospital, 1-month, or 3-month mortality in each treatment group. This pilot study was not powered (did not plan to enroll an adequate number of patients) to draw meaningful conclusions about individual adverse event categories, outcome measures, or to make comparisons between the treatment arms beyond the overall feasibility and tolerability of rapidly and significantly lowering SBP following intracerebral hemorrhage. The timing and magnitude of SBP reduction was also compared to the timing of individual safety events to further evaluate possible relationships between the study treatment, adverse events, and any recognizable safety concerns. This information is available in publication but is not able to be displayed on this website due to formatting restrictions.
| Participants | Tier 1 | Tier 2 | Tier 3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| In-hospital mortality | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| Mortality at 3 months (also in participant flow) | 3 | 2 | 5 |
| Survival/no known death at 1 or 3 months (derived) | 13 | 17 | 16 |
Collected over SAEs were collected from randomization through 90 +/- 14 days, but are reported through 72 hours (meaningful time in relation to treatment). Other AEs were collected through seven days from randomization or until hospital discharge, whichever came first.. Non-serious events are listed at a 0% frequency threshold.
| Group | Deaths | Serious | Other |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tier 1 | — | 0/18 (0%) | 7/18 (38.9%) |
| Tier 2 | — | 1/20 (5%) | 4/20 (20%) |
| Tier 3 | — | 3/22 (13.6%) | 7/22 (31.8%) |
| Event | Tier 1 | Tier 2 | Tier 3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Respiratory distressRespiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders | 0/18 | 1/20 | 0/22 |
| Symptomatic hematoma volume expansionNervous system disorders | 0/18 | 1/20 | 0/22 |
| Acute respiratory failureRespiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders | 0/18 | 0/20 | 1/22 |
| Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders | 0/18 | 0/20 | 1/22 |
| Hyperglycemia and hypokalemiaMetabolism and nutrition disorders | 0/18 | 0/20 | 1/22 |
| Event | Tier 1 | Tier 2 | Tier 3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Asymptomatic hematoma expansionNervous system disorders | 6/18 | 2/20 | 3/22 |
| Neurological deterioration within 24 hoursNervous system disorders | 1/18 | 2/20 | 4/22 |
Group numbers were adjusted as adequate safety parameters were met in each successive treatment tier. A larger number of subjects were therefore evaluated in the final tier where safety is of greatest concern and SBP parameter is also of greatest challenge to meet.
| Age, Continuous(years) | Tier 1 | Tier 2 | Tier 3 | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | 62 ± 17.7 | 58.5 ± 13.0 | 65.1 ± 14.6 | 62 ± 15.1 |
| Sex: Female, Male(Participants) | Tier 1 | Tier 2 | Tier 3 | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Female | 9 | 8 | 9 | 26 |
| Male | 9 | 12 | 13 | 34 |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized(participants) | Tier 1 | Tier 2 | Tier 3 | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| White | 5 | 13 | 13 | 31 |
| Black | 11 | 7 | 7 | 25 |
| Others | 2 | 0 | 2 | 4 |
| Region of Enrollment(participants) | Tier 1 | Tier 2 | Tier 3 | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| United States | 18 | 20 | 22 | 60 |
| Baseline Measures - Timing of Treatment(hours) | Tier 1 | Tier 2 | Tier 3 | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Symptom onset to emergency department arrival | 1.72 ± 1.27 | 1.70 ± 1.13 | 1.86 ± 1.78 | 1.72 ± 1.37 |
| Symptom onset to treatment initiation | 3.94 ± 1.45 | 4.13 ± 1.50 | 4.44 ± 2.08 | 4.19 ± 1.71 |
| Initial SBP(millimeters of mercury (mmHg)) | Tier 1 | Tier 2 | Tier 3 | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Median | 209 (178 to 255) | 212 (190 to 275) | 201 (171 to 300) | 208 (171 to 300) |
| Initial Hematoma Volume(cubic centimeters) | Tier 1 | Tier 2 | Tier 3 | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | 15.45 ± 14.60 | 14.84 ± 17.15 | 10.94 ± 10.87 | 13.56 ± 14.24 |
| Baseline Measures of stroke symptom severity(units on a scale) | Tier 1 | Tier 2 | Tier 3 | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Initial NIHSS score | 11 (2 to 40) | 9 (0 to 25) | 8 (3 to 34) | 10 (0 to 40) |
| Initial GCS | 14 (9 to 15) | 15 (8 to 15) | 15 (9 to 15) | 15 (8 to 15) |
2 further baseline measures are reported on the registry.
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