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CompletedNCT00247715Updated Aug 29, 2007

Comparison of a "Step-Up" Versus a "Step-Down" Treatment Strategy for Patients With New Onset Dyspepsia in General Practice (The DIAMOND-Study)

An interventional study of algeldrate/magnesium oxide and ranitidine in Dyspepsia and Gastrointestinal Diseases, sponsored by Radboud University Medical Center. Completed at 3 sites in Netherlands. Open to participants aged 18 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2007-08-29.

Sponsored by Radboud University Medical Center · Not applicable, Interventional, and Treatment

Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
664
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
18 Years and older
Sex
All
01

Study summary

The purpose of this study was to determine which treatment strategy, the step-up or the step-down treatment strategy, is the most cost-effective treatment for patients with new onset dyspepsia in primary care.

Read the detailed description

Dyspepsia is very common in the population. On an annual basis, 20%-40% of the general population suffers from upper gastrointestinal symptoms. The prevalence of dyspepsia presenting in primary care is about 3%, on average 24% of these patients are referred for secondary care in the same year. In spite of consensus statements and guidelines, the most effective treatment strategy for managing dyspepsia in primary care remains to be determined. In 2000 the Health Council of the Netherlands published some advice for the Minister of Health, Welfare and Sport with special consideration to the most cost-effective strategies for the management of dyspepsia. The Health Counsel Committee agrees in general with the existing guidelines of the Dutch College of General Practitioners to start with empirical treatment. However, the committee concluded that more research is necessary for management of dyspepsia in primary care, especially in uninvestigated patients as most research has been conducted in patients with persistent dyspeptic symptoms referred for secondary care.

Comparison: In this study empirical treatment according to the existing guidelines of the Dutch College of General Practitioners (the step-up treatment strategy) is compared to a step-down treatment strategy. According to this step-down treatment strategy the patient begins treatment with a proton pomp inhibitor, which is an expensive acid-suppressor and is often prescribed by general practitioners.

Step-up strategy: Algeldrate-magnesium oxide, in case of persisting/relapsing symptoms continued with ranitidine, if necessary continued with pantoprazole.

Step-down strategy: Pantoprazole, in case of persisting or relapsing symptoms continued with ranitidine, if necessary continued with algeldrate-magnesium oxide.

02

Conditions studied

  • Dyspepsia
  • Gastrointestinal Diseases

Keywords

  • uninvestigated dyspepsia
  • cost effectiveness
  • acid suppressive medicine
  • primary care
  • gastrointestinal complaints
  • Gastrointestinal drugs
03

In context

Dyspepsia

370 studies on the registry are indexed under Dyspepsia; 51 are open to participants now.

This study's enrollment of 664 is above the median of 87 across 303 interventional studies indexed under Dyspepsia.

Browse Dyspepsia studies →

Lead sponsor

Radboud University Medical Center is the lead sponsor of 984 studies on the registry; 135 are open to participants now.

Of its 6 completed or terminated interventional studies of FDA-regulated products, 0 (0%) have results posted.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years and older
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  • Presence of a new episode of dyspepsia, defined as episodic or persistent symptoms including abdominal pain or discomfort and which are, in the opinion of the general practitioner, referable to the upper gastrointestinal tract.
  • Over 18 years of age
  • Informed consent (written) given.

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Use of prescribed acid suppressive medication during 3 months before consult
  • Investigated by upper gastrointestinal endoscopy one year before inclusion
  • Malignancy
  • Contraindication to the study medication
  • Pregnancy
  • Alarming symptoms like weight loss, bleeding, and disturbed food passage
  • Patients with insufficient comprehension of the Dutch language
05

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
Quadruple (Participant, Care provider, Investigator, Outcomes assessor)
Enrollment
664 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Other
    Step-up

    Stepwise treatment: * step1: antacid (+placebo proton pump inhibitor) * step2: H2-receptor antagonist * step3: proton pump inhibitor (+ placebo antacid)

    Drug: algeldrate/magnesium oxide · Drug: ranitidine · Drug: pantoprazole

  • Other
    step-down

    Stepwise treatment: * step1: proton pump inhibitor (+placebo antacid) * step2: H2-receptor antagonist * step3: antacid (+proton pump inhibitor)

    Drug: algeldrate/magnesium oxide · Drug: ranitidine · Drug: pantoprazole

Interventions

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Cost-efficacy

    Time frame: 6 months

Secondary outcomes

  1. Severity of gastrointestinal symptoms

    Time frame: 2 weeks, after each treatment steps, and 6 months

  2. Quality of life

    Time frame: 2 weeks, after each treatment step, and 6 months

  3. Genetic and psychosocial determinants

    Time frame: baseline and 6 months

  4. Patient compliance after treatment

    Time frame: 0 to 6 months

07

Study locations

3 sites
  • Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center
    Nijmegen, Gelderland 6500 HB, Netherlands
  • Maastricht University
    Maastricht, Limburg 6200 MB, Netherlands
  • UMC Utrecht
    Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
08

References and documents

Publications

  • Fransen GA, van Marrewijk CJ, Mujakovic S, Muris JW, Laheij RJ, Numans ME, de Wit NJ, Samsom M, Jansen JB, Knottnerus JA. Pragmatic trials in primary care. Methodological challenges and solutions demonstrated by the DIAMOND-study. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2007 Apr 23;7:16. doi: 10.1186/1471-2288-7-16. PubMed 17451599 ↗
  • van Marrewijk CJ, Mujakovic S, Fransen GA, Numans ME, de Wit NJ, Muris JW, van Oijen MG, Jansen JB, Grobbee DE, Knottnerus JA, Laheij RJ. Effect and cost-effectiveness of step-up versus step-down treatment with antacids, H2-receptor antagonists, and proton pump inhibitors in patients with new onset dyspepsia (DIAMOND study): a primary-care-based randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2009 Jan 17;373(9659):215-25. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60070-2. PubMed 19150702 ↗
09

Timeline

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
Not marked actual or estimatedDates not marked actual or estimated

The record gives a start of Oct 2003 and a completion of Jan 2007. It does not say whether these dates are actual or estimated.

How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.

Registered
Nov 1, 2005
First posted
Nov 2, 2005
Start
Oct 2003
CompletionActual
Jan 2007
Last update
Aug 29, 2007
What these dates mean
Start.
When the first participant enrolled; while estimated, when the study expects to open to recruitment.
Completion.
When the last participant's last visit took place, for every outcome, secondary ones and side effects included: the end of the study. Often later than primary completion, sometimes the same day.
Actual and Est.
Actual means the registry says the date has happened. Est. (estimated) is a date the sponsor plans or expects. It can still move, and the sponsor is expected to change it to actual once it has passed.
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Aug 29, 2007, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT00247715
Collaborators
ZonMw: The Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development
First posted
Nov 2, 2005
Start date
Oct 2003
Completion
Jan 2007
Last update
Aug 29, 2007

Study contacts

Jan BMJ Jansen, MD, PhD
study chair · Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center
Robert JF Laheij, PhD
principal investigator · Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center
Niek De Wit, MD, PhD
study chair · UMC Utrecht
Mattijs E Numans, MD, PhD
study chair · UMC Utrecht
Melvin Samsom, MD, PhD
study chair · UMC Utrecht
Jean WM Muris, MD, PhD
study chair · Maastricht University
Andre Knottnerus, MD, PhD
study chair · Maastricht University

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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This study is completed, as verified in Aug 2007. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

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Studies of the drugs tested here: Magnesium Oxide · Ranitidine · Pantoprazole

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