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CompletedNCT07930416Updated Nov 12, 2026

A Crossover Comparison of Conventional and Digital Impression Techniques

An observational study in Preference, Patient, sponsored by Cardenal Herrera University. Completed at 1 site in Spain. Open to participants aged 18 Years and older, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-11-12.

Sponsored by Cardenal Herrera University · Observational

Updated Nov 12, 2026Newly registeredGo to Updates ↓

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Study type
Observational
Model
Case-crossover
Time perspective
Cross-sectional
Enrollment
112
Ages
18 Years and older
Sex
All
01

Study summary

The study was aimed to compare both digital and conventional impression techniques by having the same patient undergo both impression techniques in the maxilla.

Read the detailed description

Objectives:

Primary:

  • To determine which impression method patients, prefer: a traditional impression or a digital impression using an intraoral scanner.

Secondary:

  • To validate the questionnaire used.
  • To evaluate, at the clinical level, which procedure has a faster and smoother workflow.

Methodology:

Study type: observational study. Sample size: 112.

Inclusion criteria:

  • Patients over 18 years of age.
  • Patients who require impressions for clinical study and/or prosthetic work.

Exclusion criteria:

  • Patients with allergies to the materials used.
  • Patients with epilepsy.
  • Edentulous patients.

Study subjects will be from the patients of the master's degree in Oral Surgery and Oral and Facial Implantology at the University Dental Clinic of CEU Cardenal Herrera University in Valencia, who will be undergoing treatment in the department and getting the impressions taken as part of the standard protocol of the department. Participants willing to participate will have to meet the established inclusion and exclusion criteria.

A crossover observational study is established to determine which impression method the patient prefers: the use of the traditional impression method or the use of an intraoral scanner. Both techniques will be applied to each patient in the maxilla. The technique used first will be following an alternating order. The patient will be asked to complete a questionnaire following the application of each procedure (Annex 1).

Variables:

  • Pain level.
  • Discomfort from temperature.
  • Discomfort from pressure.
  • Discomfort from nausea.
  • Satisfaction from duration.
  • Willingness to repeat.
  • Level of satisfaction.

Statistical Analysis:

Data analysis will be performed using Python 3.13.5, with NumPy 2.3.5, SciPy 1.17.0, and statsmodels 0.14.6. Descriptive statistics will be calculated for all variables. Continuous variables will be presented as means and standard deviations. Comparisons between digital and conventional impression techniques will be performed using paired Student's t-tests, with statistical significance set at p \< 0.05.

02

Conditions studied

  • Preference, Patient

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03

In context

Patient Preference

114 studies on the registry are indexed under Patient Preference; 28 are open to participants now.

This study's enrollment of 112 is below the median of 200 across 56 observational studies indexed under Patient Preference.

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Lead sponsor

Cardenal Herrera University is the lead sponsor of 108 studies on the registry; 22 are open to participants now.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years and older
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
Yes
Sampling method
Non-probability sample

Study population

Local patients who attended the UCH CEU dental clinic department of oral surgery.

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  • Age ≥ 18 years.
  • Indication for dental impressions.

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Allergy to impression materials.
  • History of epilepsy.
  • Completely edentulous patients.
05

Study design

Observational model
Case-crossover
Time perspective
Cross-sectional
Enrollment
112 participants (actual)
Patient registry
No

Groups and cohorts

  • Dual technique group

    The participant received both digital and conventional dental impression techniques.

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Pain During Dental Impressions Measured Using a 0-10 Visual Analog Scale

    Time frame: Day 1, immediately following each impression procedure (conventional and digital).

  2. Temperature Discomfort During Dental Impressions Measured Using a 0-10 Visual Analog Scale

    Time frame: Day 1, immediately following each impression procedure (conventional and digital).

  3. Pressure Discomfort During Dental Impressions Measured Using a 0-10 Visual Analog Scale

    Time frame: Day 1, immediately following each impression procedure (conventional and digital).

  4. Nausea During Dental Impressions Measured Using a 0-10 Visual Analog Scale

    Time frame: Day 1, immediately following each impression procedure (conventional and digital).

  5. Satisfaction With Impression Procedure Duration Measured Using a 0-10 Visual Analog Scale

    Time frame: Day 1, immediately following each impression procedure (conventional and digital).

  6. Willingness to Repeat the Impression Procedure Measured Using a 0-10 Visual Analog Scale

    Time frame: Day 1, immediately following each impression procedure (conventional and digital).

  7. Overall Satisfaction Measured Using a 0-10 Visual Analog Scale

    Time frame: Day 1, immediately following each impression procedure (conventional and digital).

  8. Participant Preference for Conventional or Digital Impression Technique Assessed Using a written categorical preference

    Time frame: Day 1, immediately following both impression procedures (conventional and digital).

07

Study locations

1 site
  • UCH CEU Dental Clinic
    Valencia, Alfara Del Patriarca 46115, Spain
08

References and documents

Study documents

PDFs hosted by the registry, ClinicalTrials.gov.

Individual participant data

Plan to share: Undecided

09

Timeline

1 registry update since Sep 25, 2026
ElapsedEstimatedEstimated, not yet reached

Ran from May 2024 to primary completion in Mar 2025, 10 months.

How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.

Registered
Oct 28, 2026
First posted
Nov 12, 2026
StartActual
May 6, 2024
Primary completionActual
Mar 28, 2025
CompletionActual
Mar 28, 2025
Last update
Nov 12, 2026
What these dates mean
Start.
When the first participant enrolled; while estimated, when the study expects to open to recruitment.
Primary completion.
When the last participant was examined or treated to collect data for the study's main question, its primary outcome. A study that stopped early gives the date its data collection stopped.
Completion.
When the last participant's last visit took place, for every outcome, secondary ones and side effects included: the end of the study. Often later than primary completion, sometimes the same day.
Actual and Est.
Actual means the registry says the date has happened. Est. (estimated) is a date the sponsor plans or expects. It can still move, and the sponsor is expected to change it to actual once it has passed.
Registered
First appeared on the registry. No changes since
Nov 12, 2026
Show all 1 update
  1. Nov 12, 2026
    First appeared on the registry

From the registry record's own update history. This site started tracking changes on Sep 25, 2026; for anything earlier, see the record history on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT07930416
Responsible party
RAQUEL GONZÁLEZ MARTÍNEZ (DDS, MSc, PhD, Cardenal Herrera University) — Principal investigator
First posted
Nov 12, 2026
Start date
May 6, 2024
Primary completion
Mar 28, 2025
Completion
Mar 28, 2025
Last update
Nov 12, 2026

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

Not currently enrolling

This study is completed, as verified in Mar 2026. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

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