An observational study in Dental Anxiety, Musical Therapy and Physiological Stress, sponsored by Dokuz Eylul University. Completed at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Open to participants aged 18 Years to 50 Years, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-10-29.
Sponsored by Dokuz Eylul University · Observational
In this four-arm randomized controlled clinical trial, 120 adults aged 18-50 years with baseline Modified Dental Anxiety Scale scores ≥13 were allocated equally to 432 Hz-based instrumental music, water sounds, human-vocal music, or a no-audio control during standardized restorative cavity preparation. Heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, peripheral oxygen saturation, and body temperature were recorded before and immediately after preparation; patient satisfaction was assessed after restoration. Physiological outcomes were compared using baseline-adjusted analysis of covariance, with Holm-adjusted pairwise comparisons. The null hypothesis was that there would be no significant differences among the four study groups in changes in physiological parameters or post-treatment patient satisfaction. The alternative hypothesis was that at least one auditory intervention condition would differ from the other study conditions in physiological responses and/or patient satisfaction.
877 studies on the registry are indexed under Patient Satisfaction; 202 are open to participants now.
This study's enrollment of 120 is below the median of 149 across 225 observational studies indexed under Patient Satisfaction.
Browse Patient Satisfaction studies →Dokuz Eylul University is the lead sponsor of 261 studies on the registry; 35 are open to participants now.
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Participants were selected from adult patients presenting to the Department of Restorative Dentistry for routine restorative dental treatment.
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Exclusion Criteria:
Group 1-432 Hz Instrumental Music (n = 30): Participants listened to the standardized instrumental music recording prepared at a nominal tuning frequency of 432 Hz.
Behavioral: Music Therapy
Participants listened to the standardized water-sound recording prepared according to the music specialist's 432 Hz-reference protocol; the exact signal-processing procedure remains to be confirmed.
Behavioral: Music Therapy
Participants listened to the standardized music recording containing human vocals, prepared at a nominal tuning frequency of 432 Hz.
Behavioral: Music Therapy
Participants underwent the same standardized restorative procedure without an auditory intervention.
Three standardized auditory recordings were specifically prepared for the study by a music specialist: instrumental music, music containing human vocals, and water-based natural sounds. The two musical recordings were prepared with reference to a nominal A4 tuning frequency of 432 Hz.
Change in Dental Anxiety Status and Patient Satisfaction
Dental anxiety will be assessed using the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS), a five-item questionnaire with a total score ranging from 5 to 25. Higher scores indicate greater dental anxiety. Patient satisfaction will be assessed using a five-point Likert-type scale, ranging from 1 (very dissatisfied) to 5 (very satisfied), with higher scores indicating greater satisfaction.
Time frame: Baseline (before music therapy) and immediately after the dental procedure
Change in Heart Rate
Heart rate will be measured in beats per minute (bpm) using a digital pulse oximeter. Measurements will be obtained at baseline, before the auditory intervention, and immediately after completion of the standardized cavity preparation procedure. Changes in heart rate between the two measurement points will be evaluated to assess physiological responses to the dental procedure.
Time frame: Baseline (immediately before the auditory intervention) and immediately after cavity preparation (approximately 10 minutes after baseline).
Change in Body Temperature
Body temperature will be measured in degrees Celsius (°C) using a digital thermometer. Measurements will be obtained at baseline, before the auditory intervention, and immediately after completion of the standardized cavity preparation procedure. Changes in body temperature between the two measurement points will be evaluated to assess physiological responses to the dental procedure.
Time frame: Baseline (immediately before the auditory intervention) and immediately after cavity preparation (approximately 10 minutes after baseline).
Change in Systolic Blood Pressure
Systolic blood pressure will be measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg) using a digital blood pressure monitor. Measurements will be obtained at baseline, before the auditory intervention, and immediately after completion of the standardized cavity preparation procedure. Changes in systolic blood pressure will be calculated as the post-procedural value minus the baseline value to assess physiological responses to the dental procedure.
Time frame: Baseline (immediately before the auditory intervention) and immediately after cavity preparation (approximately 10 minutes after baseline).
Change in Diastolic Blood Pressure
Diastolic blood pressure will be measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg) using a digital blood pressure monitor. Measurements will be obtained at baseline, before the auditory intervention, and immediately after completion of the standardized cavity preparation procedure. Changes in diastolic blood pressure will be calculated as the post-procedural value minus the baseline value to assess physiological responses to the dental procedure.
Time frame: Baseline (immediately before the auditory intervention) and immediately after cavity preparation (approximately 10 minutes after baseline).
Change in Peripheral Oxygen Saturation (SpO₂)
Peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO₂) will be measured as a percentage (%) using a digital pulse oximeter. Measurements will be obtained at baseline, before the auditory intervention, and immediately after completion of the standardized cavity preparation procedure. Changes in oxygen saturation will be calculated as the post-procedural value minus the baseline value to assess physiological responses to the dental procedure.
Time frame: Baseline (immediately before the auditory intervention) and immediately after cavity preparation (approximately 10 minutes after baseline).
From the registry record's own update history. This site started tracking changes on Sep 25, 2026; for anything earlier, see the record history on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
This study is completed, as verified in Oct 2026. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.
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