An interventional study of Stationary cycling with game display and Stationary cycling with regular display in Exercise, Sedentary Behavior and Child Behavior, sponsored by Macao Polytechnic University. Not yet recruiting. Open to participants aged 6 Years to 15 Years, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-10-21.
Sponsored by Macao Polytechnic University · Not applicable, Interventional, and Other
The goal of this pilot clinical trial is to learn how short exercise breaks, often called exercise snacks, on stationary exercise bikes can best be offered during the school day to students in Primary 4 to 6 at an inclusive primary school in Macao, including autistic students. It will also learn whether the program is practical and safe in an inclusive school.
The main questions it aims to answer are:
When the bike screen shows a game with points and a ranking among the four riders in the group, do students ride farther per scheduled minute than when the same screen shows a regular display with a cartoon cyclist, heart rate, distance and time remaining? Is any extra riding on game days larger when the 10 minutes are ridden at once than when they are split into two 5-minute rides, and is it accompanied by better or worse feelings during and after the ride? When the same 10 minutes are split into two 5-minute rides, do students receive the same riding dose and are they as focused on their classwork afterwards? How many planned rides actually happen and are completed, and what support do autistic students need?
The investigators expect students to ride more on game days. Whether that extra riding comes with better or worse feelings, and whether it depends on ride length. The comparison with the waitlist group only estimates how large the differences are, to help plan a larger study.
Thirty-two riders ride in fixed groups of four on 3 fixed school days a week for 8 weeks, 10 minutes a day: one 10-minute ride a day for 4 weeks and two 5-minute rides a day for the other 4 weeks. Within each 4-week period, the display shown to a group on each riding day is randomly assigned, with equal numbers of game and regular-display days, and the same virtual tracks are used under both displays. Riders wear a heart-rate arm band and answer a few picture-supported questions before, during and after each ride. Trained observers, who do not know which display or schedule students are on, record how focused students are on their classwork in the lesson after riding. Sixteen waitlist students follow the usual school routine, complete the same assessments, and receive access to the bikes after the study. All students complete a short tablet attention task and questionnaires about exercise motivation and quality of life before and after the 8 weeks.
2,646 studies on the registry are indexed under Motor Activity; 1,205 are open to participants now.
This study's planned enrollment of 48 is below the median of 60 across 2,309 interventional studies indexed under Motor Activity.
Browse Motor Activity studies →Macao Polytechnic University is the lead sponsor of 9 studies on the registry; 4 are open to participants now.
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16 riders. Weeks 1 to 4: one 10-minute ride per riding day. Weeks 5 to 8: two 5-minute rides per riding day. Riders ride in a fixed group of four on 3 fixed school days a week for 8 weeks, and the group's screen alternates between the racing game and the regular dashboard across riding days in a randomized order.
Behavioral: Stationary cycling with game display · Behavioral: Stationary cycling with regular display · Behavioral: One 10-minute ride per riding day · Behavioral: Two 5-minute rides per riding day
16 riders. Weeks 1 to 4: two 5-minute rides per riding day. Weeks 5 to 8: one 10-minute ride per riding day. Riders ride in a fixed group of four on 3 fixed school days a week for 8 weeks, and the group's screen alternates between the racing game and the regular dashboard across riding days in a randomized order.
Behavioral: Stationary cycling with game display · Behavioral: Stationary cycling with regular display · Behavioral: One 10-minute ride per riding day · Behavioral: Two 5-minute rides per riding day
16 students who follow the usual school routine during the study and complete the same assessments. They receive the same access to the bikes after the study.
Riding a stationary exercise bike whose screen shows a video game.
Riding the same bike with the screen showing only a timer, pedaling rate and heart rate, with no game elements.
One 10-minute ride per riding day on 3 fixed school days a week for 8 weeks.
Two 5-minute rides per riding day, about 3 to 5 hours apart, giving the same daily total as the one-ride schedule.
Distance per scheduled minute (km/min) recorded by the stationary-bike software on each riding day
Sum of distance (km) recorded across all study rides on a scheduled riding day, divided by the 10-minute daily budget. Both displays run the same virtual track so the distance algorithm is identical. Refused rides scored 0; days not offered or absent excluded from the denominator; lost measurements treated as missing. Higher values indicate more riding output.
Time frame: Up to 8 weeks
Mean heart rate (beats per minute) in the last 60 seconds of each ride, measured by an arm-worn optical heart-rate sensor
Mean of sensor readings over the final 60 s, also as % of age-predicted maximum (208 - 0.7 × age). Rides included only if sensor coverage ≥ 80% with no gap \> 60 s. Higher values indicate higher intensity.
Time frame: Up to 8 weeks
Minutes per riding day in the target heart-rate zone, measured by an arm-worn optical heart-rate sensor
Minutes with heart rate between 60% and 80% of age-predicted maximum, summed across rides on a riding day; range 0-10. Used to compare received intensity between one 10-min ride and two 5-min rides.
Time frame: Up to 8 weeks
Affect during the ride, measured by the Feeling Scale
Single-item Feeling Scale (Hardy \& Rejeski, 1989), -5 (very bad) to +5 (very good), reported by pointing to a pictorial card at minute 5 of a 10-min ride and minute 2.5 of each 5-min ride. Higher scores indicate more positive affect.
Time frame: Up to 8 weeks
Affect after the ride, measured by the Feeling Scale
Single-item Feeling Scale, -5 (very bad) to +5 (very good), completed privately on a tablet. Higher scores indicate more positive affect.
Time frame: Up to 8 weeks
Post-ride enjoyment score on a study-specific 0-10 numeric rating item
"How much did you like this ride", 0 (not at all) to 10 (very much). Higher scores indicate greater enjoyment.
Time frame: Up to 8 weeks
Perceived exertion after the ride, measured by the OMNI Bike Scale for children
Perceived exertion is assessed within 5 minutes after each ride using the OMNI Bike Scale for children (Robertson et al., 2000), a pictorial 0-10 scale showing a child cycling up an increasingly steep hill. Scores range from 0 (extremely easy) to 10 (extremely hard). Higher scores indicate greater perceived exertion. The scale is presented on a tablet with the standard pictorial anchors and Chinese translations of the verbal anchors; children respond by pointing or tapping, with the item read aloud by study staff if needed.
Time frame: Up to 8 weeks
Perceived competence and perceived pressure scores on two study-specific 0-10 numeric rating items
Competence: "How well did you ride today", 0-10, higher = greater competence. Pressure: "Did you feel pushed to ride", 0-10, higher = greater pressure. Reported separately.
Time frame: Up to 8 weeks
Proportion of intervals on-task in a 20-minute classroom window after riding, measured by momentary time sampling by blinded observers
Proportion (0-1) of 10-s intervals coded on-task in the classroom window beginning at 14:05 on each riding day, and at 10:40 on two-ride days, for riders who rode that day and their waitlist classmates. Fixed observer pool unaware of allocation and display; 20% of windows double-coded. Higher = more on-task.
Time frame: Up to 8 weeks
Percentage of scheduled riding opportunities offered, attended, refused, stopped early and completed, from the study attendance log
Offered and attended use all scheduled opportunities as denominator; refused, stopped early and completed use offered-and-present opportunities. Unit: %.
Time frame: Up to 8 weeks
Percentage of rides rated more enjoyable, about the same, or less enjoyable than the previous ride, on a study-specific three-category item
Three categories; reported as % of rides in each category by display and schedule. Not applicable on the first ride; on two-ride days "previous ride" is the earlier ride that day.
Time frame: Up to 8 weeks
Change in exercise motivation measured by the Behavioural Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire-2, children's version (C-BREQ-2)
18 items in five subscales (amotivation, external, introjected, identified, intrinsic regulation), each item scored 0 (not true for me) to 4 (very true for me); subscale score is the item mean (0-4). Higher intrinsic and identified scores indicate more autonomous motivation (better); higher amotivation and external scores indicate less autonomous motivation (worse).
Time frame: Baseline and week 9
Change in health-related quality of life measured by the KIDSCREEN-10 Index
10 items scored 1-5, sum 10-50 converted to T-score (mean 50, SD 10). Higher = better. Pilot estimate, riding vs waitlist.
Time frame: Baseline and week 9
Change in inhibitory control measured by the Flanker task reverse-coded reaction-time interference score
A computerised Flanker task administered on a tablet (PsyToolkit). For each participant, mean reaction time (milliseconds) is computed for correct congruent and incongruent trials; the reverse-coded interference score is mean congruent minus mean incongruent reaction time, so that higher scores indicate better inhibitory control. Accuracy (%) is reported alongside.
Time frame: Baseline and week 9
Facial Expression Valence Index From Camera-Based Facial Expression Recognition
percentage points, calculated for each ride as the percentage of valid camera samples classified as happy minus the percentage classified as sad, angry, fearful, disgusted or contemptuous; range -100 to 100, with higher values indicating more positive facial expression. Measurement tool: camera-based facial expression recognition system mounted above the bike screen, which classifies each sample of the rider's face as neutral, happy, sad, angry, surprised, fearful, disgusted or contemptuous; only these classifications are stored. The percentage of samples in each category is also reported.
Time frame: Up to 8 weeks
Number of adverse events and serious adverse events from the study safety log
Counts by type.
Time frame: Up to 8 weeks
No study locations are listed for this record.
Plan to share: No
No publications or documents are linked to this record.
Start is estimated for Oct 2026; primary completion for Dec 2026, 1 month later.
Of 1,726 non-industry interventional studies with no phase under Motor Activity, half reached primary completion within 23 months of starting (the median), counting those still running; a quarter within 9 and three quarters within 47. This study's planned 1 month is below that.
Counting every sponsor, half of 1,738 studies reached it within 23 months; a quarter within 9 and three quarters within 47.
How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.
From the registry record's own update history. This site started tracking changes on Sep 25, 2026; for anything earlier, see the record history on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
This study is not yet recruiting, as verified in Oct 2026. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.
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Macao Polytechnic University