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CompletedNCT07864077Updated Oct 7, 2026

A Digital Escape Room to Teach Veterinary Students About Antimicrobial Resistance Using the One Health Approach

An interventional study of AMRageddon in Antimicrobial Stewardship and Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR), sponsored by Norwegian University of Science and Technology. Completed at 1 site in Norway. Open to participants aged 18 Years and older, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-10-07.

Sponsored by Norwegian University of Science and Technology · Not applicable, Interventional, and Other

From the registry’s dates

  • Registered 1 year 7 months after the study started (first participant enrolled Feb 2025, registered Oct 2026).
Updated Oct 7, 2026Newly registeredGo to Updates ↓
Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
49
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
18 Years and older
Sex
All
01

Study summary

The goal of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a One Health-based educational intervention in second-year medical students from the veterinary university in Norway

The main question it aims to answer is:

  1. Does AMRageddon improve total AMR knowledge scores, particularly in clinical case reasoning, compared with traditional lectures?
  2. Does AMRageddon enhance students' awareness of AMR and One Health principles more effectively than lectures?

Researchers will compare students who receive AMRageddon (intervention arm) with students who receive lecture-based teaching (control arm) to see if the gamified approach leads to greater improvements in knowledge, awareness, and behaviour.

Participants will:

  1. Attend either a gamified interactive session (AMRageddon) or a standard lecture-based session on AMR.
  2. Complete a baseline questionnaire assessing AMR knowledge, awareness, and behaviour.
  3. Complete a follow-up questionnaire after after the educational session to evaluate changes in outcomes.
02

Conditions studied

  • Antimicrobial Stewardship
  • Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR)

Keywords

  • digital escape room
  • gamification
  • antimicrobial resistance
  • veterinary education
03

In context

Lead sponsor

Norwegian University of Science and Technology is the lead sponsor of 494 studies on the registry; 48 are open to participants now.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years and older
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
Yes

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  • Above the age 18 years
  • Have access to internet
  • Have access to a laptop, tablet or phone
  • Must be enrolled for the degree program at NMBU

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Below the age 18 years
  • Not enrolled at either of the pre-determined institution
05

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Other
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
None (open label)
Enrollment
49 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    Intervention Group: AMRageddon

    Veterinary students will be asked to use AMRageddon in place of attending a standard pre-established lecture during their academic training. The participants will be asked to complete a baseline questionnaire, and a questionnaire following the intervention.

    Other: AMRageddon

  • No intervention
    Control Group: Standard Lecture

    Students will receive the standard format of learning of AMR and One Health during their lecture. The participants will have to complete a baseline questionnaire and a follow up questionnaire after the intervention.

Interventions

  • OtherAMRageddon

    AMRageddon is a digital escape room game created by the research team. The app uses gamification and game-elements to increase user engagement and to deliver information to partiapnts. AMRageddon is based on the WHO Health Workers Education and Training on Antimicrobial Resistance Curricula Guide and WHO Competency Framework for Health Workers' Education and Training on Antimicrobial Resistance.

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Change in the knowledge, attitudes, and perception of participants towards antibiotics and One Health.

    A pre- and post-test will be shared to the students prior and after the intervention. This will be in the format of a questionnaire. The primary outcome was a knowledge test with 24 questions with subsections including clinical decision making skills assessment (8 questions), knowledge (4), awareness (4) and behaviour assessments (4). A correct score was awarded 1 point.

    Time frame: Baseline and immediately after the intervention

Secondary outcomes

  1. User-experience Questionnaire - Short version

    Experience with the gamification elements and how integrated and influential the games elements were for the students. The investigators will also use User Experience Questionnaire - short version (UEQ-S) which is an 8 bipolar item 7-point semantic differential scale. This is used to assess hedonic and pragmatic quality of the intervention.

    Time frame: Immediately completing AMRageddon

  2. System Usability Scale Survey

    The investigators will use the system usability scale (SUS) which is a 10 item Likert scale. The SUS scale is scored out of 100, which indicates acceptability of the intervention compared to benchmarks.

    Time frame: Immediately after completing AMRageddon

07

Study locations

1 site
  • Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU),
    Ås, Norway
08

References and documents

Publications

  • Nowbuth, A.A., Parmar, V.S., Elizo, A.P., Steinsbekk, A.I., Parmar, A.J. (2025). AMRageddon V1: The Design and Usability Evaluation of a Digital Escape Room Game for Antimicrobial Resistance Education Through Persuasive Technology. In: Win, K.T., Ali, R., Karapanos, E., Papadopoulos, G.A., Oyibo, K., Vlahu-Gjorgievska, E. (eds) Persuasive Technology. PERSUASIVE 2025. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 15711. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-94959-3_18

Individual participant data

Plan to share: No — IPD will not be shared because participant consent and privacy protections do not permit sharing of de-identified individual-level data beyond the study team.

09

Updates

1 registry update since Sep 25, 2026
Registered
First appeared on the registry. No changes since
Oct 7, 2026
Show all 1 update
  1. Oct 7, 2026
    First appeared on the registry

From the registry record's own update history. This site started tracking changes on Sep 25, 2026; for anything earlier, see the record history on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT07864077
Collaborators
Norwegian University of Life Sience (NMBU)
Responsible party
Anya A Nowbuth (PhD Fellow, Norwegian University of Science and Technology) — Principal investigator
First posted
Oct 7, 2026
Start date
Feb 11, 2025
Primary completion
Feb 11, 2025
Completion
Feb 15, 2025
Last update
Oct 7, 2026

Study contacts

Vikram S Parmar, PhD
study chair · Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)
Aslak I Steinsbekk, PhD
study chair · Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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