An interventional study of Educational Brochure and Audio Recording and Educational Brochure in Testicular Cancer, Testicular Self-Examination and Health Behavior, sponsored by Yeditepe University. Completed at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Open to male participants aged 18 Years and older, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-10-06.
Sponsored by Yeditepe University · Not applicable, Interventional, and Prevention
The goal of this cluster randomized controlled trial is to evaluate and compare the effects of different testicular self-examination (TSE) training methods on university students' health beliefs and self-examination behaviors regarding testicular cancer (TC) and TSE.
The main questions it aims to answer are:
Researchers will compare three groups:
Participants will:
295 studies on the registry are indexed under Testicular Neoplasms; 51 are open to participants now.
This study's enrollment of 122 is above the median of 50 across 190 interventional studies indexed under Testicular Neoplasms.
Browse Testicular Neoplasms studies →Yeditepe University is the lead sponsor of 131 studies on the registry; 29 are open to participants now.
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Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.
Exclusion Criteria:
Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Before you join, the study team explains what taking part involves — its purpose, what happens, the risks and possible benefits — and answers your questions, so you can decide freely. Consent is usually recorded on a form (the informed consent form, ICF) signed by you or, where the law allows, by someone legally authorised to decide for you.
You can keep asking questions during the study, you are told of new information that matters, and you can choose to leave at any time.
Malignancy means cancer. Criteria about another or earlier malignancy ask whether you have had a different cancer, usually within a set number of years.
Some are commonly allowed, such as treated skin cancers other than melanoma and early cancers removed completely — check the exceptions this study lists.
Informed consent
Before you join, the study team explains what taking part involves — its purpose, what happens, the risks and possible benefits — and answers your questions, so you can decide freely. Consent is usually recorded on a form (the informed consent form, ICF) signed by you or, where the law allows, by someone legally authorised to decide for you.
You can keep asking questions during the study, you are told of new information that matters, and you can choose to leave at any time.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Cancer (malignancy)
Malignancy means cancer. Criteria about another or earlier malignancy ask whether you have had a different cancer, usually within a set number of years.
Some are commonly allowed, such as treated skin cancers other than melanoma and early cancers removed completely — check the exceptions this study lists.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Following face-to-face recruitment, obtaining informed consent, and collecting phone numbers from eligible university students between, pre-tests-including the Introductory and Testicular Self-Examination (TSE) Characteristics Form along with Champion's Health Belief Model Scale-were administered online via Google Forms via WhatsApp (approximate completion time: 15 minutes). At the end of the sixth week following the pre-test, the educational brochure group received their respective protocol, followed by post-tests comprising the TSE Behavior Determination Form and the TSE Behavior and Educational Tool Satisfaction Form.
Behavioral: Educational Brochure
Following face-to-face recruitment, obtaining informed consent, and collecting phone numbers from eligible university students, pre-tests-including the Introductory and Testicular Self-Examination (TSE) Characteristics Form along with Champion's Health Belief Model Scale-were administered online via Google Forms via WhatsApp (approximate completion time: 15 minutes). For the control group, no active educational intervention was administered following the pre-test, and only the TSE Behavior Determination Form was applied as a post-test at the end of the sixth week.
Other: Control Group
Following face-to-face recruitment, obtaining informed consent, and collecting phone numbers from eligible university students, pre-tests-including the Introductory and Testicular Self-Examination (TSE) Characteristics Form along with Champion's Health Belief Model Scale-were administered online via Google Forms via WhatsApp (approximate completion time: 15 minutes). At the end of the sixth week following the pre-test, the educational brochure and audio-recorded experience-sharing intervention group received their respective protocol, followed by post-tests comprising the TSE Behavior Determination Form and the TSE Behavior and Educational Tool Satisfaction Form.
Behavioral: Educational Brochure and Audio Recording
Following face-to-face recruitment, obtaining informed consent, and collecting phone numbers from eligible university students, pre-tests-including the Introductory and Testicular Self-Examination (TSE) Characteristics Form along with Champion's Health Belief Model Scale-were administered online via Google Forms via WhatsApp (approximate completion time: 15 minutes). At the end of the sixth week following the pre-test, the brochure and audio-recorded experience-sharing intervention group received their respective protocol, followed by post-tests comprising the TSE Behavior Determination Form and the TSE Behavior and Educational Tool Satisfaction Form.
Following face-to-face recruitment, obtaining informed consent, and collecting phone numbers from eligible university students, pre-tests-including the Introductory and Testicular Self-Examination (TSE) Characteristics Form along with Champion's Health Belief Model Scale-were administered online via Google Forms via WhatsApp (approximate completion time: 15 minutes). At the end of the sixth week following the pre-test, the educational brochure intervention group received their respective protocol, followed by post-tests comprising the TSE Behavior Determination Form and the TSE Behavior and Educational Tool Satisfaction Form.
Following face-to-face recruitment, obtaining informed consent, and collecting phone numbers from eligible university students, pre-tests-including the Introductory and Testicular Self-Examination (TSE) Characteristics Form along with Champion's Health Belief Model Scale-were administered online via Google Forms via WhatsApp (approximate completion time: 15 minutes). For the control group, no active educational intervention was administered following the pre-test, and only the TSE Behavior Determination Form was applied as a post-test at the end of the sixth week.
Change in Testicular Self-Examination (TSE) Behavior
Measured using the TSE Behavior Determination Form to evaluate whether the students perform regular testicular self-examination.
Time frame: At baseline and at 6 weeks post-intervention
Change in Champion's Health Belief Model Scale Scores
Evaluated using Champion's Health Belief Model Scale to assess changes in students' health beliefs regarding testicular self-examination between the intervention groups and the control group. Champion's Health Belief Model Scale (CHBMS), consisting of 26 items across five subscales (Perceived Susceptibility, Perceived Severity, Perceived Benefits, Perceived Barriers, and Perceived Self-Efficacy) scored on a 5-point Likert scale (1 to 5). The scale does not yield a total score; each subscale is evaluated separately with varying score ranges depending on the number of items, where higher scores indicate a higher level of each specific health belief.
Time frame: At baseline and at 6 weeks post-intervention
Plan to share: Yes — De-identified individual participant data collected during the study will be available upon reasonable request directed to the corresponding author.
Supporting information: Study protocol, Statistical analysis plan, Informed consent form
Time frame: Starting from the publication date of the main findings, and data will be available for 3 years.
Access criteria: Researchers who provide a methodologically sound proposal can access the de-identified individual participant data by contacting the corresponding author via email.
No publications or documents are linked to this record.
From the registry record's own update history. This site started tracking changes on Sep 25, 2026; for anything earlier, see the record history on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
This study is completed, as verified in Aug 2026. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.
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