ClinicalTrials.gg
CompletedNCT07806344Updated Sep 8, 2026

Group Cognitive-Behavioral Intervention for Problematic Internet Use in Nepalese University Students

An interventional study of Group Cognitive-Behavioral Intervention for Problematic Internet Use in Problematic Internet Use and Internet Addiction, sponsored by Tribhuvan University, Nepal. Completed at 1 site in Nepal. Open to participants aged 18 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-09-08.

Sponsored by Tribhuvan University, Nepal · Not applicable, Interventional, and Prevention

From the registry’s dates

  • Registered 1 year 8 months after the study started (first participant enrolled Dec 2024, registered Aug 2026).
Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
59
Allocation
Non-randomized
Ages
18 Years and older
Sex
All
01

Study summary

Problematic internet use, using the internet in ways that interfere with daily life, is a growing concern among university students in Nepal, where studies report prevalence rates between 21.5% and 35.4%. Despite this, structured, evidence-based intervention trials in Nepalese academic settings remain scarce.

This study tested a six-session group program based on cognitive-behavioral therapy, which helps people change unhelpful behaviors around internet use. Sessions lasted 90 minutes and were delivered weekly by supervised Master's-level psychology students who completed 40 hours of CBT training, which the makes the program affordable and scalable for university settings.

Fifty-nine undergraduate students took part: 30 received the group program and 29 formed the comparison group. Both groups completed the Internet Addiction Test and the General Self-Efficacy Scale at five time points: before the program, immediately after, and at 2 weeks, 1 month, and 3 months later.

Students in the program showed significantly greater reductions in internet addiction symptoms than the comparison group immediately after the program (p = .049) and at 1 month, where a large effect was observed (d = -0.83, p = .003). At 3 months, the difference between groups was no longer statistically significant because the comparison group also continued to improve; however, the program group maintained a large reduction from baseline (d = 1.18). Students in the program also showed a significant increase in self-efficacy that remained stable through every follow-up (all p \< .032). Adherence and acceptability were high: participants attended an average of 5.06 of 6 sessions, 80% attended at least 5 sessions, and satisfaction with the therapy reached 78.3% of the maximum possible score.

These findings suggest that a structured, group-based CBT program is an effective and acceptable approach for managing problematic internet use among Nepalese undergraduates and offers a potentially scalable framework for academic institutions in low-resource settings.

02

Conditions studied

  • Problematic Internet Use
  • Internet Addiction

Keywords

  • Problematic Internet Use
  • Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
  • Nepal
  • Undergraduate students
  • Group intervention
  • Internet Addiction
03

In context

Internet Addiction Disorder

166 studies on the registry are indexed under Internet Addiction Disorder; 47 are open to participants now.

This study's enrollment of 59 is below the median of 88 across 96 interventional studies indexed under Internet Addiction Disorder.

Browse Internet Addiction Disorder studies →

Lead sponsor

Tribhuvan University, Nepal is the lead sponsor of 16 studies on the registry; 1 is open to participants now.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years and older
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  • Undergraduate students enrolled at colleges affiliated with Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
  • Internet Addiction Test score above 30 (mild, moderate, or severe categories of problematic internet use) at Phase 1 screening
  • Willing to provide and to attend scheduled group sessions

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • IAT score of 30 or below at Phase 1 screening (did not meet inclusion criteria)
  • Declined to participate / unwilling to provide
  • Withdrawal before the first intervention session
Terms in these criteria, in plain language(1)

Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.

Informed consent

Before you join, the study team explains what taking part involves — its purpose, what happens, the risks and possible benefits — and answers your questions, so you can decide freely. Consent is usually recorded on a form (the informed consent form, ICF) signed by you or, where the law allows, by someone legally authorised to decide for you.

You can keep asking questions during the study, you are told of new information that matters, and you can choose to leave at any time.

05

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Prevention
Allocation
Non-randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
None (open label)
Enrollment
59 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    Experimental

    Participants received the six-session group cognitive-behavioral intervention for problematic internet use, delivered weekly in 90-minute group sessions. Delivered across three cohorts: Cohort 1 (single college: n = 8), Cohort 2 (single college: n = 12), and Cohort 3 (mixed colleges: n = 10). Assessed at baseline, immediately post-intervention, 2 weeks, 1 month, and 3 months.

    Behavioral: Group Cognitive-Behavioral Intervention for Problematic Internet Use

  • No intervention
    Control

    Participants received no intervention during the trial period. Assessed on the same schedule as the experimental group: baseline, immediately post-intervention, 2 weeks, 1 month, and 3 months. Delivered across the same three cohorts (Cohort 1: n = 8; Cohort 2: n = 11; Cohort 3: n = 10).

Interventions

  • BehavioralGroup Cognitive-Behavioral Intervention for Problematic Internet Use

    A six-session manualized group program for problematic internet use among Nepalese undergraduates delivered weekly in 90-minute sessions. Grounded in cognitive-behavioral therapy, Young's CBT-IA model, and Davis's cognitive-behavioral model of pathological internet use. Sessions 1-2: orientation, psychoeducation, behavioral monitoring, and planning healthier internet habits (behavior modification). Session 3: cognitive restructuring. Sessions 4-5: harm reduction and emotional/psychological drivers of addiction. Session 6: relapse prevention and consolidation. Culturally adapted for Nepalese youth through multidisciplinary expert review (clinical psychologists, psychiatry, Ayurveda/Yoga, clinical psychology residents). Facilitated by two Master's-level psychology trainees after 40 hours of supervised CBT training by the project lead, with weekly supervision and a structured manual for fidelity.

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Internet Addiction Test Score

    20-item Internet Addiction Test evaluating the severity of problematic internet use on a 0-5 Likert scale (Young, 1998); higher scores indicate more severe problematic internet use. In this study, scores ≥ 31 defined "mild" to "severe" problematic use.

    Time frame: Baseline (pre-intervention), Week 6 (post-intervention), Week 8 (2-week follow-up), Week 10 (1-month follow-up), and Week 18 (3-month follow-up)

Secondary outcomes

  1. General Self-Efficacy Scale Score

    10-item Nepali version of the General Self-Efficacy Scale assessing broad optimistic self-beliefs regarding general coping ability (Schwarzer et al., 1997); higher scores indicate greater general self-efficacy. Change from baseline was the analysis metric.

    Time frame: Baseline (pre-intervention), Week 6 (post-intervention), Week 8 (2-week follow-up), Week 10 (1-month follow-up), and Week 18 (3-month follow-up)

Other outcomes

  1. Satisfaction with Therapy and Therapist Scale-Revised Score

    13-item STTS-R (Oei \& Green, 2008), administered online to the experimental group after each session with anonymity maintained from facilitators; higher scores indicate greater satisfaction with the therapy and the therapist. Analyzed using the Percentage of Maximum Possible method.

    Time frame: Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 (Immediately after each intervention session)

  2. Session Attendance

    Number of the six sessions attended, used as an indicator of participant adherence

    Time frame: Week 6, based on attendance during Weeks 1-6 (experimental arm only)

07

Study locations

1 site
  • Central Department of Psychology, Tribhuvan University
    Kathmandu, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal
08

References and documents

Individual participant data

Plan to share: Undecided — De-identified individual participant data and the study protocol will be shared upon reasonable request to the corresponding author, subject to approval by the Ethical Review Board of Tribhuvan University.

No publications or documents are linked to this record.

09

Timeline

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
ElapsedEstimatedEstimated, not yet reachedSimilar studies: half by the dot; the band is the middle halfHalf of similar studies reached it by the dot; the band is the middle half, from a quarter to three quarters

Ran from Dec 2024 to primary completion in Aug 2025, 8 months.

Of 72 non-industry interventional studies with no phase under Internet Addiction Disorder, half reached primary completion within 6 months of starting (the median), counting those still running; a quarter within 3 and three quarters within 10. This study's 8 months is above that.

Counting every sponsor, half of 72 studies reached it within 6 months; a quarter within 3 and three quarters within 10.

How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.

Registered
Aug 27, 2026
First posted
Sep 8, 2026
StartActual
Dec 3, 2024
Primary completionActual
Aug 5, 2025
CompletionActual
Aug 5, 2025
Last update
Sep 8, 2026
What these dates mean
Start.
When the first participant enrolled; while estimated, when the study expects to open to recruitment.
Primary completion.
When the last participant was examined or treated to collect data for the study's main question, its primary outcome. A study that stopped early gives the date its data collection stopped.
Completion.
When the last participant's last visit took place, for every outcome, secondary ones and side effects included: the end of the study. Often later than primary completion, sometimes the same day.
Actual and Est.
Actual means the registry says the date has happened. Est. (estimated) is a date the sponsor plans or expects. It can still move, and the sponsor is expected to change it to actual once it has passed.
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Sep 8, 2026, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT07806344
Lead sponsor
Tribhuvan University, Nepal
Responsible party
Suraj Shakya (Assistant Professor of Clinical Psychology, Tribhuvan University, Nepal) — Principal investigator
First posted
Sep 8, 2026
Start date
Dec 3, 2024
Primary completion
Aug 5, 2025
Completion
Aug 5, 2025
Last update
Sep 8, 2026

Study contacts

Suraj Shakya, PhD
study director · Tribhuvan University, Nepal

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

Not currently enrolling

This study is completed, as verified in Sep 2026. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

Follow this study

Get an email when the registry record changes — status, dates, results — or when someone posts here.

Sign in to follow

Discussion

Questions and observations about this study, from anyone following it. Not medical advice, and not a channel to the study team — their contact details are on the registry record.

Sign in to join the discussion. Reading takes no account; posting does. You choose a display name, and a pseudonym is the default.

Nothing here yet. If you are running this trial, taking part in it, or weighing whether to, this is the place to say so.

Start the discussion