An interventional study of Peri Bugi Mobile Application and Printed Booklet in Application, Oral Health and Oral Health Literacy, sponsored by Pani Matin Anugrah. Completed at 1 site in Indonesia. Open to participants aged 3 Years and older, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-08-19.
Sponsored by Pani Matin Anugrah · Not applicable, Interventional, and Prevention
The goal of this clinical trial is to determine the effectiveness of educational application based on notification and reminder in improving maternal oral health literacy and the dental and dental health status of preschool children among mother-preschool child pairs (children aged \<7 years) in Pancoran Mas, Depok City.
The primary research questions to be addressed in the main trial are:
The researchers will compare a group of mothers who receive education through the application with a group of mothers who receive education through a printed booklet to determine whether the application produces greater improvements in maternal oral health literacy and children's oral health outcomes.
Participants will be asked to:
Study Design and Setting:
This study employed a quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest non-equivalent control group approach and was conducted in parallel between the intervention and control groups in seven preschool in Pancoran Mas , Depok City, Indonesia, between July and December 2024. Participant allocation was non-randomized. The sample size was calculated using the analytical formula for comparing numerical between two independent groups. The final sample size was determined to be 100 participants in each group, yielding a total analytical sample of 200 mother-child pairs. Participants were recruited through a non-probability purposive sampling method at the village and school levels.
Intervention:
The study compared two educational media containing identical content on tooth anatomy, oral hygiene practices, oral diseases, and the development of dental caries (four chapters):
Study Protocol:
Main Effectiveness Trial
Assessment Tools:
Oral Health Literacy: The REALD-30 questionnaire (Lee et al., 2007) was used to assess mothers' oral health literacy through recognition of dental terminology. Scores were converted to a 0-100 scale, with higher scores indicating better oral health literacy. The questionnaire was administered at both pretest and posttest.
Children's Oral Health Status: The Debris Index-Simplified (DI-S) was used to assess oral hygiene status, while the Modified Gingival Index (mGI) was used to evaluate gingival health. Both measurements were conducted at pretest and posttest by calibrated dentists.
Application Usability: The Mobile Health App Usability Questionnaire (MAUQ) (Zhou et al., 2019), consisting of three subscales and a 7-point Likert scale, was administered to participants in the intervention group at posttest. Lower scores indicated better usability according to the scoring system applied in this study.
Assessment Tools:
201 studies on the registry are indexed under Literacy; 69 are open to participants now.
This study's enrollment of 200 is above the median of 124 across 170 interventional studies indexed under Literacy.
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Exclusion Criteria:
Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Before you join, the study team explains what taking part involves — its purpose, what happens, the risks and possible benefits — and answers your questions, so you can decide freely. Consent is usually recorded on a form (the informed consent form, ICF) signed by you or, where the law allows, by someone legally authorised to decide for you.
You can keep asking questions during the study, you are told of new information that matters, and you can choose to leave at any time.
Informed consent
Before you join, the study team explains what taking part involves — its purpose, what happens, the risks and possible benefits — and answers your questions, so you can decide freely. Consent is usually recorded on a form (the informed consent form, ICF) signed by you or, where the law allows, by someone legally authorised to decide for you.
You can keep asking questions during the study, you are told of new information that matters, and you can choose to leave at any time.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Mothers in this group received oral health education through the Peri Bugi mHealth application, a notification- and reminder-based platform equipped with a rule-based AI system that personalized the frequency of educational messages based on quiz scores and compliance with the toothbrushing checklist. Educational materials consisting of four chapters were delivered progressively, with one chapter released each week over a four-week period. In addition, participants received toothbrushing reminder notifications at 6:30 a.m. and 8:00 p.m.
Behavioral: Peri Bugi Mobile Application
Mothers in the control group received oral health education through a printed booklet containing content equivalent to that provided in the application. The educational materials, consisting of four chapters, were delivered progressively, with one chapter provided each week over a four-week period for self-directed learning.
Behavioral: Printed Booklet
Peri Bugi is an mHealth-based oral health education application developed for Android and iOS devices. The application comprises five main features: Literacy (a four-chapter flipbook containing oral health educational content), Quiz, Toothbrushing Song, Toothbrushing Checklist, and Settings. It provides daily reminder notifications and utilizes a rule-based artificial intelligence (AI) system to personalize dental health education messages based on users' quiz performance and adherence to the toothbrushing checklist.
A printed text-based oral health education booklet comprising four chapters with content equivalent to that provided in the Peri Bugi application. The booklet was intended for self-directed learning and did not incorporate any notification, reminder, or personalized educational messaging features
Maternal Oral Health Literacy Score (REALD-30 Questionnaire)
Change in mothers' oral health literacy, measured using the Rapid Estimation of Adult Literacy in Dentistry (REALD-30) questionnaire. Scores range from 0 to 30, with each correctly recognized dental term scored as 1 and each incorrectly recognized term scored as 0. Higher scores indicate better oral health literacy. Changes in scores are assessed by comparing pretest and posttest measurements.
Time frame: Baseline (pretest) and 1 month post-intervention (posttest)
Children's Oral Hygiene Status (DI-S)
Change in the oral hygiene status of preschool children, measured using the Debris Index-Simplified (DI-S) based on the extent of soft debris present on the surfaces of index teeth (score range: 0-3 per tooth surface). Lower scores indicate better oral hygiene. Examinations are performed by calibrated dentists. Changes are assessed by comparing pretest and posttest measurements.
Time frame: Baseline (pretest) and 1 month post-intervention (posttest)
Children's Gingival Health Status (m-GI)
Change in the gingival health status of preschool children, measured using the Modified Gingival Index (mGI) based on the severity of gingival inflammation. Lower scores indicate healthier gingival conditions. Examinations are conducted by calibrated dentists. Changes are assessed by comparing pretest and posttest measurements.
Time frame: Baseline (pretest) and 1 month post-intervention (posttest)
Application Usability Score (MAUQ)
Mothers' perceptions of the usefulness and ease of use of the Peri Bugi application, measured using the Mobile Health App Usability Questionnaire (MAUQ). The MAUQ consists of three subscales: ease of use and satisfaction, system information arrangement, and efficiency, using a 7-point Likert scale. Lower scores indicate better usability according to the scoring system used in this study. This outcome is assessed only among participants in the intervention group.
Time frame: 1 month post-intervention (posttest)
Plan to share: No — Individual participant data will not be made publicly available in order to maintain the confidentiality and privacy of participants (mothers and preschool-aged children), in accordance with the requirements of the ethics approval.
This study is completed, as verified in Aug 2026. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.
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