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Not yet recruitingNCT07706101VISDBEUpdated Jul 15, 2026

Volume-Oriented Incentive Spirometry-Assisted Diaphragmatic Breathing Exercise for Functional Heartburn or Reflux Hypersensitivity

An interventional study of Volume-Oriented Incentive Spirometry-Assisted Diaphragmatic Breathing Exercise and standard pharmacological treatment with lifestyle modification education in Functional Heartburn (FH) and Reflux Hypersensitivity, sponsored by Changhua Christian Hospital. Not yet recruiting. Open to participants aged 20 Years to 100 Years. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-07-15.

Sponsored by Changhua Christian Hospital · Not applicable, Interventional, and Supportive care

Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
82
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
20 Years to 100 Years
Sex
All
01

Study summary

The goal of this pilot randomized controlled trial is to determine whether volume-oriented incentive spirometry-assisted diaphragmatic breathing exercise (VIS-assisted DBE) can improve reflux-related symptoms and health-related quality of life in adults with functional heartburn (FH) or reflux hypersensitivity (RH).

The main questions it aims to answer are:

Does VIS-assisted DBE reduce reflux-related symptoms compared with usual care? Does VIS-assisted DBE improve health-related quality of life compared with usual care? Researchers will compare VIS-assisted DBE plus usual care with usual care alone to determine whether the intervention provides additional benefits in symptom relief and quality of life.

Participants will:

Complete baseline clinical evaluations and symptom questionnaires. Be randomly assigned to either the VIS-assisted DBE group or the usual care group.

Receive either VIS-assisted diaphragmatic breathing exercises twice daily for 20 minutes over a 4-week period in addition to usual care, or usual care alone.

Complete follow-up assessments after the 4-week intervention, including symptom and quality-of-life questionnaires

Read the detailed description

Functional heartburn (FH) and reflux hypersensitivity (RH) are disorders of gut-brain interaction characterized by persistent reflux-related symptoms despite the absence of significant esophageal acid exposure or structural abnormalities. Although proton pump inhibitors are widely used for reflux-related disorders, many patients with FH and RH continue to experience persistent symptoms, resulting in reduced health-related quality of life. Current evidence suggests that altered esophageal sensory processing, autonomic nervous system dysfunction, and impaired gut-brain axis regulation contribute to symptom generation in these disorders.

Diaphragmatic breathing exercise has emerged as a promising non-pharmacological intervention that may improve diaphragmatic function, enhance vagal activity, and reduce reflux-related symptoms. Volume-oriented incentive spirometry (VIS) provides visual feedback during breathing training and may improve the consistency and effectiveness of diaphragmatic breathing. However, evidence regarding the therapeutic effects of VIS-assisted diaphragmatic breathing exercise in patients with FH or RH remains limited.

This prospective, parallel-group, pilot randomized controlled trial is designed to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of VIS-assisted diaphragmatic breathing exercise in adults with FH or RH. Participants will be randomly assigned to receive either VIS-assisted diaphragmatic breathing exercise in addition to usual care or usual care alone. The study will assess whether the intervention improves reflux-related symptoms and health-related quality of life compared with usual care.

The findings of this study are expected to provide preliminary evidence regarding the feasibility and potential clinical benefits of VIS-assisted diaphragmatic breathing exercise as an adjunctive non-pharmacological treatment for functional heartburn and reflux hypersensitivity, and to support the design of future larger randomized controlled trials.

02

Conditions studied

  • Functional Heartburn (FH)
  • Reflux Hypersensitivity

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Keywords

  • Functional Heartburn
  • Reflux Hypersensitivity
  • Volume-Oriented Incentive Spirometry
  • Diaphragmatic Breathing Exercise
  • Disorders of Gut-Brain Interaction
  • Autonomic Nervous System
  • Quality of Life
03

In context

Heartburn

154 studies on the registry are indexed under Heartburn; 12 are open to participants now.

This study's planned enrollment of 82 is below the median of 100 across 127 interventional studies indexed under Heartburn.

Browse Heartburn studies →

Lead sponsor

Changhua Christian Hospital is the lead sponsor of 76 studies on the registry; 11 are open to participants now.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
20 Years to 100 Years
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  • Adults aged 20 to 100 years.

    • Diagnosis of functional heartburn (FH) or reflux (RH) according to the Rome IV criteria.
    • Normal upper gastrointestinal endoscopy without evidence of erosive esophagitis, Barrett's esophagus, or hiatal hernia.
    • Normal esophageal motility on high-resolution manometry (HRM) according to the Chicago Classification Version 4.0.
    • Diagnosis of FH or RH confirmed by 24-hour multichannel intraluminal impedance-pH (MII-pH) monitoring according to the Rome IV criteria and Lyon Consensus 2.0.
    • Able and willing to perform diaphragmatic breathing exercises and comply with study procedures.
    • Able to provide written .

Exclusion criteria

  • Pregnant or breastfeeding women.

    • Severe cardiopulmonary dysfunction or chronic respiratory disease.
    • Inability to perform diaphragmatic breathing exercises or comply with the study protocol and scheduled follow-up visits
Terms in these criteria, in plain language(2)

Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.

Hypersensitivity

An allergy, or another reaction of the immune system, to a substance. “Hypersensitivity to the study drug” means a known allergic reaction to it — not every side effect a medicine can have.

Informed consent

Before you join, the study team explains what taking part involves — its purpose, what happens, the risks and possible benefits — and answers your questions, so you can decide freely. Consent is usually recorded on a form (the informed consent form, ICF) signed by you or, where the law allows, by someone legally authorised to decide for you.

You can keep asking questions during the study, you are told of new information that matters, and you can choose to leave at any time.

05

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Supportive care
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
None (open label)
Enrollment
82 participants (estimated)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    Volume-Oriented Incentive Spirometry-Assisted Diaphragmatic Breathing Exercise Group (VIS)

    Participants will perform diaphragmatic breathing exercises assisted by a volume-oriented incentive spirometer twice daily for 20 minutes per session over a 4-week intervention period under standardized instructions.

    Behavioral: Volume-Oriented Incentive Spirometry-Assisted Diaphragmatic Breathing Exercise

  • Active comparator
    Usual Care

    Participants will receive standard pharmacological treatment and lifestyle modification education without structured diaphragmatic breathing exercise.

    Behavioral: standard pharmacological treatment with lifestyle modification education

Interventions

  • BehavioralVolume-Oriented Incentive Spirometry-Assisted Diaphragmatic Breathing Exercise

    Participants will perform diaphragmatic breathing exercises assisted by a volume-oriented incentive spirometer twice daily for 20 minutes per session over a 4-week intervention period under standardized instructions.

  • Behavioralstandard pharmacological treatment with lifestyle modification education

    Participants will receive standard pharmacological treatment and lifestyle modification education without structured diaphragmatic breathing exercise.

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Change in Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Questionnaire (GERDQ) Score

    The primary outcome is the change in Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Questionnaire (GERDQ) score from baseline to the end of the 4-week intervention. The GERDQ is a validated patient-reported questionnaire used to assess the frequency and severity of reflux-related symptoms. Higher scores indicate more severe symptoms. The change in GERDQ score will be compared between the intervention and usual care groups

    Time frame: From baseline to Week 4

Secondary outcomes

  1. Change in Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease-Health-Related Quality of Life (GERD-HRQL) Score

    The secondary outcome is the change in the Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease-Health-Related Quality of Life (GERD-HRQL) score from baseline to the end of the 4-week intervention. The GERD-HRQL questionnaire evaluates the impact of reflux-related symptoms on health-related quality of life. Higher scores indicate poorer health-related quality of life. The change in GERD-HRQL score will be compared between the intervention and usual care groups

    Time frame: From baseline to Week 4

  2. Change in Reflux Disease Questionnaire (RDQ) Score

    The secondary outcome is the change in the Reflux Disease Questionnaire (RDQ) score from baseline to the end of the 4-week intervention. The RDQ is a validated patient-reported questionnaire that assesses the frequency and severity of reflux-related symptoms. Higher scores indicate more severe symptoms. The change in RDQ score will be compared between the intervention and usual care groups.

    Time frame: From baseline to Week 4

07

Study locations

No study locations are listed for this record.

08

References and documents

Individual participant data

Plan to share: Undecided

No publications or documents are linked to this record.

09

Timeline

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
ElapsedEstimatedEstimated, not yet reachedSimilar studies: half by the dot; the band is the middle halfHalf of similar studies reached it by the dot; the band is the middle half, from a quarter to three quarters

Start is estimated for Aug 2026; primary completion for Apr 2028, 20 months later.

Of 26 interventional studies with no phase under Heartburn, half reached primary completion within 15 months of starting (the median), counting those still running; a quarter within 10 and three quarters within 35. This study's planned 20 months is above that.

How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.

Registered
Jul 10, 2026
First posted
Jul 15, 2026
StartEst.
Aug 20, 2026
Primary completionEst.
Apr 30, 2028
CompletionEst.
Jul 30, 2028
Last update
Jul 15, 2026
What these dates mean
Start.
When the first participant enrolled; while estimated, when the study expects to open to recruitment.
Primary completion.
When the last participant was examined or treated to collect data for the study's main question, its primary outcome. A study that stopped early gives the date its data collection stopped.
Completion.
When the last participant's last visit took place, for every outcome, secondary ones and side effects included: the end of the study. Often later than primary completion, sometimes the same day.
Actual and Est.
Actual means the registry says the date has happened. Est. (estimated) is a date the sponsor plans or expects. It can still move, and the sponsor is expected to change it to actual once it has passed.
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Jul 15, 2026, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT07706101
Lead sponsor
Changhua Christian Hospital
Responsible party
Kun-Ching Chou (MD, Changhua Christian Hospital) — Principal investigator
First posted
Jul 15, 2026
Start date
Aug 20, 2026 (estimated)
Primary completion
Apr 30, 2028 (estimated)
Completion
Jul 30, 2028 (estimated)
Last update
Jul 15, 2026

Study contacts

Shu-Ju Tu, NP, PHD Candidate
Contact
79610@cch.orh.tw
+88647238595 ext. 7591

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

Not currently enrolling

This study is not yet recruiting, as verified in Jul 2026. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

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