An observational study in Pressure Injury and Intensive Care Unit (ICU), sponsored by Istanbul University. Enrolling by invitation at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Open to participants aged 18 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-07-09.
Sponsored by Istanbul University · Observational
The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between arterial blood gas (ABG) parameters and oxygen saturation (SpO₂) levels and the risk of pressure injury development in patients hospitalized in intensive care units, and to provide a scientific contribution to the processes for assessing pressure injury risk based on the findings obtained.
Pressure injuries are defined as localized damage to the skin and/or underlying soft tissue caused by prolonged pressure and/or shear forces, and they most commonly occur over bony prominences (Han et al., 2025). In intensive care patients, these injuries lead to serious consequences such as pain, risk of infection, prolonged hospital stay, and mortality (Labeau et al., 2021). In critically ill patients, inadequate tissue perfusion and oxygenation are identified as one of the main pathophysiological mechanisms involved in the development of pressure injuries (Han et al., 2025). Hypoxia, which occurs when cells are unable to meet their metabolic needs, reduces tissue tolerance and adversely affects the healing process. While insufficient oxygen inhibits collagen synthesis and cellular regeneration, it also reduces blood flow by causing vasoconstriction (Lucchini et al., 2024). This causes tissues in areas exposed to pressure to be more easily damaged.
Therefore, monitoring oxygenation levels is critically important in predicting the risk of pressure injury development. Han et al. (2024) demonstrated that as PaO₂ levels decrease, the risk of pressure injury increases significantly, and that this relationship is supported by a nonlinear dose-response curve. On the other hand, it has been suggested that oxygen saturation may be a more reliable indicator than PaO₂, and that the risk may increase up to sixfold at low oxygen saturation levels (Rahimi-Bashar et al., 2025).
In this context, this study aims to evaluate the relationship between arterial blood gas parameters - pH, PaO₂, PaCO₂, and HCO₃- - and oxygen saturation (SpO₂) levels and the risk of pressure injury development in intensive care patients from the perspective of nursing care.
545 studies on the registry are indexed under Pressure Ulcer; 129 are open to participants now.
This study's planned enrollment of 122 is below the median of 138 across 110 observational studies indexed under Pressure Ulcer.
Browse Pressure Ulcer studies →Istanbul University is the lead sponsor of 511 studies on the registry; 78 are open to participants now.
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Patients eligible for inclusion in the study are those aged 18 years and older who have been hospitalized in the intensive care unit for at least 72 hours, are conscious or sedated, and from whom an arterial blood gas sample can be obtained. In addition, patients themselves or their relatives must agree to participate in the study.
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Exclusion Criteria:
Patients admitted to the intensive care unit whose arterial blood gas parameters, including pH, PaO2, PaCO2, and HCO3-, and oxygen saturation levels will be evaluated in relation to the risk of pressure injury development. No intervention will be administered.
Risk of Pressure Injury Development
The risk of pressure injury development in intensive care unit patients will be assessed in relation to arterial blood gas parameters and oxygen saturation levels.
Time frame: From intensive care unit admission until discharge from the intensive care unit or study completion, up to 12 months.
Eligibility is decided by the study team. Share this record with your doctor or contact the team directly.
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