Comparative Effect of Combined Strength, Core and Balance Training on Kinesiophobia, Ankle Instability, Functional Outcomes, and Performance in Table Tennis Players With Functional Ankle Instability

Browse trials for

• Kinesiophobia 285

Keywords

• Balance Training
• Athletes
• Functional Ankle Instability
• Table Tennis
• Strength Training

Kinesiophobia

285 studies on the registry are indexed under Kinesiophobia; 91 are open to participants now.

This study's planned enrollment of 51 is close to the median of 52 across 174 interventional studies indexed under Kinesiophobia.

Lead sponsor

Ibadat International University, Islamabad is the lead sponsor of 53 studies on the registry; 36 are open to participants now.

Study arms

• Experimental
  Experimental: Combined Strength and Balance Training

  Participants will receive a 6-week combined strength and balance training program (3 sessions/week, 40-45 min). Strength Component: Theraband Dorsiflexion (3×12), Theraband Eversion (3×12), Heel Raises progressing to single-leg (3×12), Forward Lunges (3×10 each leg). Balance Component: Single-Leg Stance Eyes Open→Closed (3×30 sec), Wobble Board Standing (3×30 sec), Y-Balance Reach (3 trials each direction). Weekly progression: Week 1-2 basic stable surface exercises, Week 3-4 increased repetitions, Week 5-6 single-leg variations introduced.

  Other: Experimental : Combined Strength and Balance Training

• Active comparator
  Control Group: Balance and Core Training

  Participants will receive a 6-week balance and core training program (3 sessions/week, 40-45 min). Balance Component: Single-Leg Stance Firm→Foam (3×30 sec), Tandem Walking (3×10 m), Y-Balance Drill (3 trials each direction). Core Component: Plank Hold (3×20 sec), Side Plank each side (3×15 sec), Dead Bug Exercise (3×10 reps). Weekly progression: Week 1-2 basic level, Week 3-4 increased repetitions, Week 5-6 maintained progression.

  Other: Control : Balance and Core Training

Interventions

• OtherExperimental : Combined Strength and Balance Training

  A structured 6-week exercise program combining ankle strengthening exercises (Theraband resistance training, heel raises, lunges) with dynamic balance training (single-leg stance, wobble board, Y-balance drills). Sessions last 40-45 minutes and are conducted 3 times per week. Warm-up: 5-7 min light jogging/dynamic mobility. Main Training: 30 min combined strength and balance work. Cool-down: 5 min static stretching.

• OtherControl : Balance and Core Training

  A structured 6-week program combining balance training (single-leg stance on firm and foam surfaces, tandem walking, Y-balance drills) with core stabilization exercises (plank, side plank, dead bug). Sessions last 40-45 minutes, 3 times per week with the same warm-up and cool-down structure as the experimental group

Primary outcomes

1. Kinesiophobia - Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK-17)

   17-item self-report questionnaire measuring fear of movement and re-injury. Good internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.70-0.86) and test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.72-0.90). Reduced scores indicate decreased kinesiophobia.

   Time frame: Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 6)

2. Ankle Instability - Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT)

   Validated questionnaire assessing functional ankle instability severity. Excellent test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.96) and internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.83). Increased post-intervention scores indicate improved perceived ankle stability

   Time frame: Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 6)

Secondary outcomes

1. Functional Ability - Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM)

   Self-reported tool assessing functional limitations in foot and ankle disorders. Excellent internal consistency (α = 0.89-0.98) and reliability (ICC = 0.84-0.92) for ADL and Sports subscales. Increased scores indicate improved functional ability

   Time frame: Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 6)

2. Dynamic Balance - Y Balance Test (YBT)

   Measures dynamic balance and lower limb neuromuscular control. Excellent test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.85-0.91). Reach distances normalized to limb length. Increased post-intervention reach distance indicates improved ankle stability.

   Time frame: Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 6)

3. Functional Performance - Single-Leg Hop Test

   Reliable measure of lower limb strength, dynamic stability, and functional performance (ICC = 0.85-0.95). Increased hop distance and improved landing control indicate enhanced neuromuscular function.

   Time frame: Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 6)

4. Agility and Performance - T-Test and Illinois Agility Test

   Valid and reliable measures of agility and change-of-direction speed. T-Test (ICC = 0.90-0.98), Illinois Agility Test (ICC = 0.88-0.96). Reduced completion time indicates improved dynamic stability and neuromuscular control.

   Time frame: Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 6)

Individual participant data

Plan to share: No