An interventional study of Self-Efficacy Program for Diabetes Self-Management in Diabetes Type 2, sponsored by Gadjah Mada University. Completed at 1 site in Indonesia. Open to participants aged 40 Years to 60 Years. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-05-29.
Sponsored by Gadjah Mada University · Not applicable, Interventional, and Supportive care
The goal of this clinical trial is to learn if a self-efficacy program can improve diabetes self-management behaviors in adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus attending primary health centers (Puskesmas) in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The main questions it aims to answer are:
Participants will:
9,359 studies on the registry are indexed under Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; 1,318 are open to participants now.
This study's enrollment of 16 is below the median of 80 across 7,523 interventional studies indexed under Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2.
Browse Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 studies →Gadjah Mada University is the lead sponsor of 62 studies on the registry; 20 are open to participants now.
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Inclusion Criteria:
Participants at the intervention Puskesmas received a structured self-efficacy program consisting of four weekly group sessions (60-90 minutes each) delivered by a trained nurse researcher. Sessions covered diabetes knowledge enhancement, personal goal setting, self-monitoring techniques, peer experience sharing, problem-solving strategies, progress review, and relapse prevention planning. The program was grounded in Bandura's Self-Efficacy Theory, targeting mastery experience, vicarious experience, verbal persuasion, and physiological/emotional states.
Behavioral: Self-Efficacy Program for Diabetes Self-Management
Participants at the control Puskesmas received usual care as routinely provided by the primary health center (Puskesmas). No additional intervention was given during the study period. Participants in this group were offered the self-efficacy program after data collection was completed.
A structured group-based behavioral intervention grounded in Bandura's Self-Efficacy Theory. The program consisted of four weekly sessions (60-90 minutes each) facilitated by a trained nurse researcher. Session 1 focused on diabetes knowledge enhancement and personal goal setting. Session 2 covered self-monitoring techniques and identifying barriers to self-care. Session 3 involved peer experience sharing and problem-solving strategies. Session 4 included review of progress, reinforcement of skills, and relapse prevention planning. The intervention targeted four sources of self-efficacy: mastery experience, vicarious experience, verbal persuasion, and physiological/emotional states.
Diabetes Self-Management
Measured using the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities (SDSCA) questionnaire, which assesses self-care behaviors across five domains: general diet, specific diet, exercise, blood glucose testing, and foot care. Scores represent the number of days per week (0-7) participants performed each self-care activity.
Time frame: Baseline (pre-intervention) and immediately post-intervention (after 4 weeks)
Diabetes Self-Efficacy
Measured using the Diabetes Self-Efficacy Scale (DSES), which assesses participants' confidence in performing diabetes self-management tasks. The scale uses a Likert-type response format with higher scores indicating greater self-efficacy.
Time frame: Baseline (pre-intervention) and immediately post-intervention (after 4 weeks)
Participants' Experiences with the Self-Efficacy Program
Qualitative data collected through semi-structured interviews with a purposive subsample of intervention group participants. Interviews explored participants' perceptions, experiences, and perceived impact of the self-efficacy program on their diabetes self-management. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis.
Time frame: Post-intervention (after completion of the 4-week program)
This study is completed, as verified in May 2026. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.
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Gadjah Mada University