An interventional study of Marmet Breast Massage Technique in Breastfeeding Problems Assessment and Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy, sponsored by Medipol University. Completed at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Open to female participants aged 18 Years to 49 Years, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-04-14.
Sponsored by Medipol University · Not applicable, Interventional, and Supportive care
This randomized controlled study aims to evaluate the effect of breast massage using the Marmet technique on breastfeeding problems and breastfeeding self-efficacy in postpartum women. Breastfeeding difficulties such as nipple pain, latch problems, and perceived insufficient milk are common in the early postpartum period and may lead to early cessation of breastfeeding. The Marmet technique is a manual breast massage method designed to stimulate milk flow and relieve mechanical difficulties during breastfeeding.
In this study, postpartum women were randomly assigned to either an intervention group receiving Marmet technique training and application or a control group receiving routine breastfeeding care. Outcomes were assessed at 24 hours and on the 15th postpartum day using validated scales. The findings are expected to contribute to improving breastfeeding support practices and maternal confidence in breastfeeding.
Breastfeeding is essential for optimal infant growth and maternal health; however, many women experience physical and psychological challenges during the early postpartum period. Common breastfeeding problems include nipple pain, breast engorgement, latch difficulties, and concerns about insufficient milk supply. These challenges may negatively affect breastfeeding continuation and maternal confidence.
Breastfeeding self-efficacy, defined as a mother's confidence in her ability to breastfeed successfully, is a key determinant of breastfeeding duration and success. Interventions that address both physical and psychosocial aspects of breastfeeding are therefore critically important.
The Marmet technique is a manual breast massage and expression method that supports milk ejection reflex, improves milk flow, and helps relieve blocked ducts without requiring equipment. It may also enhance maternal autonomy and confidence in breastfeeding management.
This study was designed as a randomized controlled, longitudinal trial conducted in a hospital setting. A total of 104 postpartum women were randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. The intervention group received individualized training and application of the Marmet technique in the early postpartum period, while the control group received routine breastfeeding care.
Data were collected at postpartum 24 hours and day 15 using a Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale and a Breastfeeding Problems Assessment Scale. The primary aim was to evaluate the effect of the Marmet technique on breastfeeding problems and self-efficacy levels over time. The study also explored factors influencing breastfeeding self-efficacy in the postpartum period.
262 studies on the registry are indexed under Breast Feeding; 112 are open to participants now.
This study's enrollment of 104 is close to the median of 95 across 210 interventional studies indexed under Breast Feeding.
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Exclusion Criteria:
Participants receive Marmet breast massage technique training and application in addition to routine breastfeeding care.
Behavioral: Marmet Breast Massage Technique
Participants receive routine breastfeeding care and standard education without Marmet technique.
The Marmet Technique is a manual breast massage and milk expression method taught to postpartum women to support effective breastfeeding. The technique includes specific hand positioning (C-hold), rhythmic compression, rolling movements, and breast stimulation to facilitate the milk ejection reflex and improve milk flow. In this study, participants in the intervention group received individualized training on the Marmet Technique at approximately 6 hours postpartum. The application was demonstrated and practiced under supervision, and participants were instructed to perform the technique regularly for approximately 20-30 minutes on both breasts. Follow-up support was provided via telephone on postpartum day 7 to reinforce correct technique and adherence. The intervention aims to reduce mechanical breastfeeding difficulties, improve milk flow, and enhance maternal breastfeeding self-efficacy.
Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy
Assessed using the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale (short form).
Time frame: 24 hours postpartum and 15 days postpartum
Breastfeeding Problems
Assessed using the Breastfeeding Problems Assessment Scale, including mechanical, process-related, milk insufficiency, breast-related, and social concerns.
Time frame: 24 hours postpartum and 15 days postpartum
Plan to share: No
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This study is completed, as verified in Apr 2026. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.
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Medipol University