An interventional study of Test-Specific Individualized Exercise Program in Athletic Injuries, Sports Injury Prevention and Musculoskeletal Injury, sponsored by Acibadem University. Not yet recruiting at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Open to participants aged 18 Years and older, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-04-09.
Sponsored by Acibadem University · Not applicable, Interventional, and Prevention
This study aims to identify injury risk factors using a clinical/functional test battery in university basketball and volleyball athletes, to develop individualized exercise prescriptions for athletes scoring below established cut-off values on each test, and to evaluate the effects of an 8-week intervention program on test parameters.
As a secondary aim, all participants will be monitored prospectively over a 6-month season to assess the incidence of injuries and health problems, and to evaluate the contribution of the individualized program to injury-related health outcomes.
The study consists of four phases: (1) baseline cross-sectional assessment (T0), (2) 8-week individualized exercise intervention for athletes below cut-off thresholds, (3) post-intervention reassessment (T1), and (4) 6-month prospective injury surveillance (T2).
BACKGROUND:
Musculoskeletal injuries in athletes represent a significant sports medicine and public health problem due to restricted training/competition participation, prolonged rehabilitation, and increased re-injury risk. Epidemiological data indicate that basketball and volleyball athletes carry elevated risk for lower extremity sprains/strains, knee ligament injuries, and overhead-related shoulder pathologies. University athletes are particularly vulnerable given the concurrent demands of intense academic schedules and high training loads.
Clinical/functional tests can systematically identify modifiable risk factors including neuromuscular control, balance, flexibility, and functional strength. The Y-Balance Test (YBT-LQ), Hop-for-Distance Test (Limb Symmetry Index), Active Straight Leg Raise (ASLR), Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test (CKCUEST), and Glenohumeral Internal Rotation Deficit (GIRD) assessment are employed in this study, each with established reliability and predictive validity.
STUDY DESIGN:
This is a non-randomized, parallel-group interventional study. Athletes scoring below literature-defined cut-off values on any test receive test-specific individualized exercise prescriptions (Intervention Group), while athletes meeting all cut-off thresholds receive no intervention and serve as the observation group. Both groups undergo identical assessment at T0 and T1, and are monitored for injuries through T2.
INTERVENTION:
The 8-week individualized exercise program is prescribed based on each athlete's specific deficits:
Frequency: 3 days/week, 20-30 minutes per session. First 2 weeks supervised, subsequent weeks partially independent. Weekly compliance logged.
INJURY SURVEILLANCE (T2):
All participants are monitored for 6 months using IOC 2020 Consensus Statement methodology. Events are classified by type (injury/illness), onset (acute/overuse), anatomical region, severity (time-loss days), and recurrence status. Participant reports are cross-checked with team staff records where available.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS:
Descriptive statistics (mean +/- SD, median, frequencies). T0-T1 comparisons: paired t-test or Wilcoxon signed-rank test (only athletes below cut-off for each respective test). Between-branch comparisons: independent t-test / Mann-Whitney U, chi-square / Fisher exact test. Effect sizes (Cohen's d). Injury incidence comparison between intervention and observation groups at T2. Significance level: p less than 0.05.
258 studies on the registry are indexed under Athletic Injuries; 45 are open to participants now.
This study's planned enrollment of 100 is above the median of 44 across 164 interventional studies indexed under Athletic Injuries.
Browse Athletic Injuries studies →Acibadem University is the lead sponsor of 220 studies on the registry; 51 are open to participants now.
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Exclusion Criteria:
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You can keep asking questions during the study, you are told of new information that matters, and you can choose to leave at any time.
Informed consent
Before you join, the study team explains what taking part involves — its purpose, what happens, the risks and possible benefits — and answers your questions, so you can decide freely. Consent is usually recorded on a form (the informed consent form, ICF) signed by you or, where the law allows, by someone legally authorised to decide for you.
You can keep asking questions during the study, you are told of new information that matters, and you can choose to leave at any time.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Athletes scoring below established literature cut-off values on one or more clinical/functional tests at baseline (T0). Each athlete receives a test-specific individualized exercise prescription targeting their identified deficits. The program is administered 3 days/week for 8 weeks (20-30 min/session), with supervised sessions in weeks 1-2 and partially independent sessions in weeks 3-8.
Behavioral: Test-Specific Individualized Exercise Program
Athletes meeting all literature-defined cut-off thresholds on every clinical/functional test at baseline (T0). These athletes continue their routine training without additional exercise intervention. They undergo the same T0 and T1 assessments and 6-month injury surveillance as the intervention group.
An 8-week individualized exercise program prescribed based on each athlete's baseline test deficits. Components include: 1. Dynamic balance/proprioception exercises (for YBT-LQ deficit): single-leg balance progressions, 3-direction reach drills, BOSU balance exercises. 2. Plyometric control and symmetry exercises (for Hop Test LSI deficit): single-leg hop-and-stick, lateral hops, eccentric step-up/step-down. 3. Hamstring/posterior chain flexibility exercises (for ASLR deficit): static hamstring stretching with strap, PNF contract-relax, seated hamstring stretch. 4. Scapular stability and upper extremity endurance exercises (for CKCUEST deficit): plank shoulder taps, bear crawl, side plank progressions. 5. Posterior shoulder capsule and rotator cuff exercises (for GIRD deficit): cross-body stretch, sleeper stretch, external rotation with resistance band. Dosage: 3 sessions/week, 20-30 minutes/session. Progressive overload applied. Weekly compliance monitored.
Change in Y-Balance Test Lower Quarter (YBT-LQ) Composite Score
Composite score calculated as \[(Anterior + Posteromedial + Posterolateral) / (3 x Leg Length)\] x 100. Assessed bilaterally. Cut-off: composite score less than 94% or right-left asymmetry greater than 4 cm.
Time frame: Baseline (T0) and 8 weeks (T1)
Change in Hop-for-Distance Test Limb Symmetry Index (LSI)
LSI calculated as (Weaker Side / Stronger Side) x 100. Three trials per limb, best distance recorded. Cut-off: LSI less than 90%.
Time frame: Baseline (T0) and 8 weeks (T1)
Change in Active Straight Leg Raise (ASLR) Hip Flexion Angle
Hip flexion range of motion measured by goniometry in supine position with knee extended. Two measurements per limb, average recorded. Cut-off: hip flexion less than 70 degrees.
Time frame: Baseline (T0) and 8 weeks (T1)
Change in Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test (CKCUEST) Score
Number of hand touches in 15 seconds from push-up position with hands 91 cm apart. Three trials, best score recorded. Cut-off: males less than 21 touches, females less than 23 touches.
Time frame: Baseline (T0) and 8 weeks (T1)
Change in Glenohumeral Internal Rotation Deficit (GIRD)
Internal and external rotation measured by goniometry in supine (shoulder 90 degrees abduction, elbow 90 degrees flexion), scapula stabilized. GIRD = non-dominant IR minus dominant IR. Cut-off: IR deficit greater than 20 degrees or total rotation difference greater than 5 degrees.
Time frame: Baseline (T0) and 8 weeks (T1)
Incidence of Musculoskeletal Injuries and Health Problems
Prospective injury surveillance using IOC 2020 Consensus Statement methodology. Events classified by type (injury/illness), onset (acute/overuse), anatomical region, severity (time-loss: 0, 1-3, 4-7, 8-28, greater than 28 days), and recurrence. Comparison between intervention and observation groups.
Time frame: 6 months (T0 through T2)
Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) Global Score
Self-report measure of sleep quality over the past month. 19 items, 7 components, global score 0-21. Higher scores indicate poorer sleep quality. Global PSQI greater than 5 indicates clinically significant poor sleep quality.
Time frame: Baseline (T0)
Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE)
Perceived exertion level assessed using the Borg RPE Scale (6-20).
Time frame: Baseline (T0)
Plan to share: Undecided
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